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Network Security & Applications


Global Perspective
Forum on ICTs, Trade and Economic Growth
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia March 14-16, 2006
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According to an FBI study, 90% of US companies suffered a security incident in 2005


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The FBI also estimates that cyber crime cost US companies an average of $24,000 last year, down from $56,000 in 2004
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But, they estimate that the total cost of cyber crime to the US was over $400 billion in 2005 alone
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THE INTERNET

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The Internet (ARPANET), was started in 1960s, established its first connection in 1969, was spread across the US by 1971, and reached Europe by 1973
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ARPANETs Legacy

It all starts with a handshake


Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) & Internet Protocol (IP)

Well designed with many different paths to a destination, where routers constantly monitor the integrity and select the best path, making it robust in the face of severe physical damage
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Despite its apparent good design, the Internet was not originally conceived with internal security in mind, making it vulnerable to attacks
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Network Traffic

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CYBER CRIME

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Criminal acts using computers and networks as tools or targets Traditional crimes conducted through the use of computers
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Modern Computer Crimes

Can be based on malicious code such as a virus, email virus, worm or Trojan horse.
a.k.a. Passive Attacks

Or actively perpetrated by knowledgeable individuals, who attempt to exploit network, computer, and software flaws
a.k.a. Active Attacks

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Traditional Crimes

Pre-existing crimes that are facilitated by the Internet or ones that have found new life because the Internet has made them lucrative endeavours.
Theft, theft of information, financial crimes, fraud, copyright infringement, child pornography, scams, harassment, and terrorism
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A Brief Word On Phishing

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WHAT ARE WE UP AGAINST?

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FIRST
We are faced with weak underlying technology and inherently vulnerable software

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SECOND Issues such as users anonymity coupled with uninformed, misguided, and malicious users contribute to the problem
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FINALLY

Weak or non-existent legal, regulatory, and policy environments limit many countries ability to tackle cyber crimes

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CYBER CRIMINALS

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Cyber criminals come in many forms. The most harmful can be malicious insiders, and disgruntled or uninformed employees
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The Internet also has its share of professional criminals like hackers, organized crime and pedophiles, who make a living off of their well honed skills and criminal endeavours
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Finally, competing business, governments and terrorists will also use the internet to improve their position or further their cause
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IS AFRICA A TARGET?

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Ongoing analysis by Symantec and McAfee indicate that Africa is not a major source or target of cyber attacks

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Limited connectivity, few appealing targets and a small number of users, are factors that currently shield potential African targets from most attacks
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As the African e-environment evolves, so to will its cyber crime environment Most likely for the worse
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A shift from active to passive attacks will probably accelerate the problem, negating any protection limited connectivity provides
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CAN ANYTHING BE DONE?

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There is no one solution, be it technological or otherwise, to address cyber crime. It exists for a multitude of reasons and requires a multifaceted approach to combat
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HUMAN FACTORS Industry, government and educators must first address human behaviour that allows cyber crime to thrive and/or undermine security efforts
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A significant number of security breaches are in part caused by human actions, whether intentional or otherwise
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Examples include:
Use of weak passwords Divulging passwords Use of unauthorised software Opening of unknown email Unauthorised use of network
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Breaches are not limited to novice or inexperienced users. Incidents have been caused by network administrators

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Outlining acceptable network use, authorised software, along with awareness campaigns and training, can help mitigate against human errors
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TECHNOLOGY FACTORS

Technology plays a key role in securing computers and networks, but only if properly deployed and maintained
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There are a panoply of security tools at your disposal. If used properly they will shield your organization from most attacks

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Security ranges from the basics like limiting access to the network, forcing users to change passwords at regular intervals, to physically limiting access to certain computers
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A step up would involve virus scanners that inspect incoming files for viruses, to firewalls, which limit incoming and outgoing network traffic
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To sophisticated tools like intrusion detection systems, which constantly analyze network traffic and send out alerts or shut off access in the event of anomalies
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If information must be sent over the Internet, encryption technology can shield sensitive data when it must be transmitted
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POLICY FACTORS
Ensure laws, regulations and policies provide the necessary support and focus that can complement cyber security endeavours
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A strong legal framework sends a message that cyber crime will be dealt with seriously and that limits on online conduct will be imposed.
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It must also ensure that countries are able to investigate, arrest and prosecute cyber criminals

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A well articulated regulatory scheme will ensure that key players such as TSPs, government and industry understand their roles in ensuring a secure environment
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Well articulated policies that outline the roles, responsibilities and commitments of users, TSP and governments will bring all this together
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A FEW WORDS ABOUT SECURITY POLICIES

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INDUSTRY POLICIES

Should address acceptable usage, minimum security standards, and commitments by organisation to educate and support users
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES
Identify short and mid term security objectives, support to key players, investments in security technology and training, and awareness initiatives
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FINAL COMMENTS

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Michael Bitz
e-Security & Cyber Crime Consulting
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania michaelbitz@rogers.com (+255) 746 77 64 76
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