AMALGAM BONDING

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PRESENTED BY REKHA KUMARI ROLL NO 03

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CONTENTS /ROUTE MAP

Introduction Types of bonding Types of bonding systems

Dentin bonding systems Indications Advantages / disadvantages Technique Literature support

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DENTAL AMALGAM
Most commonly used dental restorative material First introduced in France in the early 1800s* Contains a mixture of mercury with at least one other metal. Restorative method of choice for many years due to

a.Low cost b.Ease of application c.Strength d.Durability e.Bacteriostatic effects *Ferracane, Jack L. (2001). Materials in Dentistry: Principles and Applications. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 5/6/12

 Factors that have led to recent decline in use are a

lingering concern about

a.Detrimental health effects b.Aesthetics c.Environmental pollution.

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INTRODUCTION TO BONDED AMALGAM

Amalgam-bonding resins were introduced in the 1980s,for

and since then, the use of adhesives for amalgam has become a popular but not universal procedure.The introduction of newer resin Systems help overcoming the inevitable marginal leakage problem and thus providing improved marginal integrity.

Staninec M, Torii Y, Watanabe LG, Kawakami M, Tonn EM. Tensile adhesion evaluation in a new universal test. Am J Dent 1992;5:187191. 5/6/12 .

TYPES OF BONDING

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BONDING OBSERVED IN AMALGAM

MECHANICAL BONDING:
The attachment mechanism between adhesive & Amalgam is not fully understood , but it may be micromechanical entanglement of uncured adhesive with the setting amalgam mix during condensation of the amalgam.

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AMALGAM BONDING
Mechanical Interlocking
AMALGAM BONDING SYSTEM Amalgam Reaction Product Matrix Residual Amalgam Alloy

Amalgambond Plus (Parkell)

ENAMEL or DENTIN

DENTAL AMALGA M

Interfacial Interlocking of phases

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TYPES OF BONDING SYSTEMS

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DENTIN BONDING SYSTEMS

Introduction
A.

Classification of bonding systems:

1. 2. 3. Type of substrate (enamel, dentin) Generation number Number of components Smear

B.

layer removal and hybrid layers

Macrotag Microtag COMPOSITE Residual smear layer particles Residual smear plug particles Bonding Priming Conditioning

Intertubular dentin Peritubular dentin Dentinal tubule

HYBRID LAYER: resin microtags that are within intertubular dentin and surround collagen fibers. Collagen fibers

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Self-Etching Adh

E + nP + B E + nPB
B=
Bis-GMA, TEGDMA Acetone or Alcohol

or nEP + B nEPB
Self-Etching Primer

B= nPB =
HEMA, , TEGDMA (Polymers), Alcohol, H2O, Acet MMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, (Polymers), Acetone or Alcohol

nP =
HEMA, , (Polymers), Alcohol, H2O, Acet

E=
H3PO4, H2O

E=
H3PO4, H2O

nEP =
Acid Monomer, HEMA, H2O

nEP =
Acid Monomer, HEMA, Polymer, (TEGDMA), H2O, Alcohol

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E+nP+ B
hydrophobi c

Total-Etch Systems

E+nPB

Etching Primer

nEP+ B Self-

Self-Etch Systems

Etching Adhesive

nEP B Self-

Hybrid Layer
hydrophil ic

Hybrid Layer

Hybrid Layer

Hybrid Layer

Reliable Bonding

No Postoperative Sensitivity

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Total Etch Systems

E+nP+B or nEP+B nEPB E+nPB Designing Bonding Systems

Self-Etching Primer

Self-Etching Adhesive

US Companies

Japanese Companies
hydrophobic restorative material

2=

1=

BONDING AGENT PRIMER ETCHANT

hydrophilic tooth structure

=2

=1

???

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BONDING SYSTEMS
3-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + nP + B) Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M) Permaquick (Ultradent) Bond-It (Jeneric / Pentron) All-Bond 2 (BISCO) ProBond (Dentsply) 2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (nEP + B) Clearfil SE Bond & LinerBond 2v (Kuraray) Optibond Solo SE Plus (Kerr) UniFil Bond (GC) NanoBond (Pentron)

Click to edit Master subtitle style 2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + nPB) Bond-1 (Jeneric / Pentron) Easy Bond (Parkell) Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply) Single-Bond (3M) Optibond Solo and Solo Plus (Kerr) OSB Bonding System (ESPE) 1-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (nEPB) AQBond (Sun Medical) Adper Prompt or LP3 (3M-ESPE) iBond (Hereaus-Kulzer) Xeno III (Dentsply)

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INDICATIONS
Badly broken down tooth(when amalgam is used as core material for Provision of crown ) MOD cavities To repair fractured amalgam restoration To repair fractured cusps

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Why bonded Amalgam?

Tooth reinforcement Increase fracture resistance of tooth structure(1) Conservation of tooth structure Decrease short term microleakage(2)

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Less post-operative sensitivity(3) Less secondary caries(3)

1.

Eakle WS,staninec Malay AM.Effect of bonded amalgamon the fracture resistance of teeth.J Prostho Dent1992; 68:257-260 Setcos JC, Staninec M, Wilson NH. Bonding of amalgam restorations: Existing knowledge and future prospects. Oper Dent 2000;25:121129 Hadavi F,Hey JH,Ambrose ER,Elbadrawy HE.effect of different adhesive systems on microleakage at the amalgam composite resin interface.Oper Dent 1993 ; 18 :2-7.

1.

1.

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DISADVANTAGES
Costly comparative to conventional amalgam Technique sensitive Time consuming Poor performance in strengthening of old amalgam

restorations(1 )

Hadavi F,Hey JH,Ambrose ER,Elbadrawy HE. The influence of an adhesive system on shear bond strength of repaired high copper amalgams. Oper Dent 1991;16:175180
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LITERATURE SUPPORT
OBJECTIVE:
To compare and contrast the longevity of conventionally placed dental amalgam restorations with those placed using bonding techniques.

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CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the study, bonding amalgams, compared to placing them conventionally, afforded no significant benefit upon restoration longevity. This, coupled with the emerging trend of an accelerating decline in longevity of bonded amalgams from 1,000 days onwards and with the greater cost, challenges the justification for routine bonding of amalgams. REFERENCE : Br.Dent.J 2009 jan 24;(206) :E3; discussion88-9. Epub2009 jan 16
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