Use of Pseudomonas fluorescens for the bioremediation of textile effluent Direct Orange-102

The dye (orange 102 was subjected to degradation by the bacterium and its metabolic products were identified by UV, NMR and IR spectrophotometry. The dye was first broken down into 3, 7- diamino- 4 hydroxy - naphthalene - 2 sulfonic acid sodium salt. This compound is further degraded into 7-amino -3, 4- dihydroxy - naphthalene- 2sulfonic acid sodium salt or 3- amino-4-7dihydroxynaphthalene-2 sulfonic acid sodim salt or 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 - heptahydroxy naphthalene - 2 sulfonic acid sodium salt. The end products obtained as a result of biodegradation of the dyes by the P. fluorescens are nontoxic in nature. Therefore, Pseudomonas fluorescens can be used for bioremediation of textile effluent containing Direct Orange- 102 dye.

 Production of textile involves bleaching, mercerizing,

carbonizing and dying, etc. Polyvinyl, alcohol, gums, PCP, cellulose materials, dyes and other substances are present in textile effluent. Azo and reactive dyes constitute the largest class of dyes used commercially in textile industries for dying nylon, polyacrylonitrile modified nylon, wool, silk,cotton, etc.

general term referring to the microbially mediated

decomposition of paper, paint, textiles, concrete, hydrocarbons defined as the process whereby organic wastes are biologically degraded under controlled conditions to an innocuous state, or to levels below concentration limits established by regulatory authorities

Bioremediation makes effective better approach possible Either by destroying or render them harmless using natural biological activity.

Superior technique over using chemicals why?

Microorganisms easy to handle Various bacteria, fungi,actinomycetes, algae have been reported to degrade different pollutants Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Acinetobacter sp. are a few important bacteria useful in bioremediation of halogenated aromatic compounds Biodegradation of nitro aromatic compounds is reported to be possible by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus,is reported for degradation of a number of xenobiotics
1.

Here we are trying to employ a cost effective method by using Pseudomonas fluorescens for the bioremediation of textile effluent Direct Orange-102

Better approaches
Destroy them completely, if possible Transform them in to harmless substances

Methods already in use

High temperature incineration Chemical decomposition like dechlorination, UV oxidation

Biological Method:

Pseudomonas fluorescens for bioremediation of textile effluent Direct Orange-102

 Able to degrade hydrocarbons Able to fix nitrogen No secondary/side effects Presence of accessory nutrients (N P K Fe) Absence of heavy metals Adequate O2, Temperature, pH

 From contaminated field sites(with varying environmental conditions)

subzero temperatures or extreme heat, desert conditions or in water, with excess of oxygen or in anaerobic conditions, with presence of hazardous compounds or on any waste stream(Textile effluent)

From culture collections Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs)

Materials and methods Culture

The culture of Pseudomonas fluorescens

Culture medium Pseudomonas fluorescens - grown in King's B medium

Experimental set up
The experiments can be performed using 250 ml flasks) in

a temperature controlled incubator shaker Perform experiments in triplicate and the flasks contained 50 ml King's B medium supplemented with the dye 200 mg l-1 Cell suspension of the bacterium containing 106 cell ml-1 was used as inoculum

Analytical methods UV spectrophotometry HNMR spectroscopy IR spectroscopy Biological treatment is the only way for ultimately controlling the pollution generated by textile and dyestuff industries

A viable alternative process for the treatment of dye waste-water using microorganisms should be developed using the bacteria Pseudomonas flourescens