The opponents of Tsardom - VERY DIVIDED!!

Revolutionaries Marxists Populists (Narodniks) Land and Liberty Peoples Will (1879) SDs (1898) SRs (1901) 1903 split Bolsheviks Mensheviks 1905 Revolution October Manifesto Kadets (1905) Octobrists (1905) Reformers (liberals) Liberals Nationalists

1st and 2nd Dumas dominated by Kadets and SRs

Your task
Use the information sheets to produce a short briefing on your opposition group. You should include:

Who were they and what did they believe? Did they all believe the same? Their history when did they start, finish, notable events Their strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures
Group 1: Populists, Land and Liberty, The Peoples Will Group 2: SRs Group 3: SDs up to 1903 Group 4: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks Group 5: Octobrists Group 6: The Kadets

What is communism?
In 1847, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels write The Communist Manifesto They proposed that economic development goes through a series of stages: Communism

Socialism

Capitalism At the time of writing, Russia was somewhere around here...

Feudalism Primitive Communism

What is communism?

Communism

Socialism

This is how humans first lived together in small tribes Primitive means not very advanced e.g. hunting and gathering Communism means that everything was shared amongst the tribe

Capitalism

Feudalism Primitive Communism

No-one owned land. Eventually a group comes to power this leads to Feudalism

What is communism?

Communism

Socialism Capitalism Under feudalism, a king or emperor or chief becomes the ruler over all the people BUT... When society industrialises and the business middle class (e.g. Factory owners) get richer, society moves towards...

Feudalism Primitive Communism

He gives land and privileges to nobles who rule the people for him
The people are kept uneducated and told that god chose the king to rule. The church helps the king this way

What is communism?

Communism

Socialism Capitalism Feudalism Primitive Communism The business owners or capitalists get richer while the workers do all the hard work The capitalists get more power to serve their own interests BUT... Capitalism creates a huge workingclass of people who soon get angry at the way they are treated. They organise in unions and demand changes. This leads to revolution and

What is communism?

Communism

Socialism Capitalism Feudalism Equality and harmony develop under the political guidance of the industrial working class The power of the Capitalist rulers kings, churches, owners is removed

Primitive Communism

The workers administer the nations resources to share the profits of their efforts

When these ideas spread and all class conflict ends, we reach a new, ideal state called...

What is communism?

Communism

Socialism Capitalism Feudalism Primitive Communism As everyone now works together, war is a thing of the past armies are not needed Everything is provided by the people for the people so money is no longer needed

The 1903 Bolshevik-Menshevik split

Bolsheviks Led by Lenin Wanted revolution rather than reform overthrowing capitalism, rather than making it better for workers 1902 What is to be done? Criticises Plekhanov for seeking broad range of allies. Advocates a small party of dedicated, professional revolutionaries Workers cannot be left to themselves. They need to be lead and directed towards Marxs teachings Mensheviks Led by Martov (Lenins co-editor) Shared Plekhanovs view that the SDs should be a broad-based party open to as many people as possible The more widely the title of member of the party is spread, the better. We can only rejoice if every striker, every demonstrator is able to declare himself a party member

What happened? Second party conference in London, 1903 Lenin instigates vote over membership Loses first vote, then wins Bolshevik = majority / Menshevik = minority In reality, Mensheviks were larger grouping

Ensure you understand figure 1.6 in the handout, outlining the policy divisions