Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Ethics: A system of moral principle or values Principle: A basic truth, law, or assumption Value: A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile
Ethics in Medicine:
Biotechnology Cloning Gene Therapy Altering species for enhanced production, e.g., growth hormone Medicine Transplants Life Extending Machines Fertility
Examples: J.S. Mills (Altruistic), Ayn Rand (egoistic) Relative Consideration of Consequences People oriented
Egoism (self)
Ex: Kierkegaard, C.S. Lewis, K. Jaspers, Nietzche, Emil Brunner Nonrational Existential
Individualistic Antinomian
Mystical Insights
God
Intuition
Emotion
Conscience
Instinct
Example: I. Kant
Sources of Maxims
Religious Authority
Reason
Categorical Imperative
Moral Leaders
Employers
Violation of Established World Orders: (Natural or Social Order of Things): Violations of Supposedly Exception less Moral Principles Distribution of Science or Technology Related Benefits Infliction of Harm or Exposure to Significant Risks of Harm without Prior Consent Infliction of Harm or Exposure to Significant Risks of Harm without Prior Consent Science or Technology-Engendered Positive TechnologyRights
Ethical Responses to Violations of Established World Orders: (Natural or Social Order of Things):
Teleologists: Concern for safety of humans who consume from an unnatural alliance Deontologists: The natural order of things is intrinsically good. Technology is seen as artificial, therefore, its use to change the natural order is bad. Those in favor of this technology might counter by saying that God created the natural order. Humans are part of the natural order. Therefore, intervention of humans is natural. Some opposition to intervention in the natural or social order is based on sacredness. sacredness. Examples: Hasidic Community of Brooklyn, NY. Birth control is forbidden on the basis of the Torah. Wahibi Muslim sect. TV Torah. violates sacred order related to the Koran.