CHAPTER 2 GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS II

2.1

GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS The graph of a function is a set of points on the Cartesian Plane that satisfy the function Information is presented in the form of graphs Graph are widely used in science and technology Graphs are very useful to researchers, scientists and economist

The different type of functions and respective power of x Type of function

Linear

General form

Example
y = 3x

Highest power of variable x

y = ax + c

y = -4x + 5 y = 2x2 y = -3x2 + 2x y = 2x2 + 5x + 1

Quadratic

y = ax2 + bx + c

2 3 -1

Cubic

y = ax3 y = 2x3 3 + bx y = ax y = -3x3 + 5x y = ax3 + bx + c y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d y = 2x3 - 3x + 6

y=a Reciprocal x

a0

y=4 x

y=-2 x

LINEAR FUNCTION

LINEAR FUNCTION

QUADRATIC FUNCTION

QUADRATIC FUNCTION

QUBIC FUNCTION

QUBIC FUNCTION

RECIPROCAL FUNCTION

RECIPROCAL FUNCTION

 Using calculator to complete the tables Using the scale given to mark the points on the x-axis and y-axis Plotting all the points using the scale given

COMP

CALC Memory
Example 1
Calculate the result for Y = 3X 5, when X = 4, and when X = 6
ALPHA

X )

3
CALC

4 6

3X 5

CALC

7 = 13

CALC Memory
Example 2
Calculate the result for Y = X2 + 3X 12, when X = 7, and when X = 8
ALPHA

X )

ALPHA

x2

X )

CALC CALC

1 7 8

X2 + 3X 12

= 58 = 76

CALC Memory
Example 3
Calculate the result for Y = 2X2 + X 6, when X = 3, and when X = -3

ALPHA

X )

ALPHA

x2

X )

CALC CALC

6 3 (-)

2X2 + X 6

= 15 3 = 9

CALC Memory
Example 4
Calculate the result for Y = -X3 + 2X + 5, when X = 2, and when X = -1

(-) +
CALC

ALPHA

X )
ALPHA

SHIFT

x3

x2
X )
CALC

-X3 + 2X + 5

+ 2

5 = 1

(-)

= 4

Example 5
Calculate the result for Y = 6 when X = -3, X and when X = 0.5
ALPHA

6 ab/c CALC (-) 3 CALC 0 .

6 x = -2 5 = 12
)

Example 6
Calculate the result for Y = 6 when X = -3, X and when X = 0.5
ALPHA

6
CALC CALC

X )

-1

6x-1

(-) 0

3 .

= -2 5 = 12

Y = -2X2 + 40 X Y 0
40

0.5 1 1.5 2
39.5 38 35.5 32

3
22

3.5 4
15.5 8

Y = X3 3X + 3
X Y -3 -2 -1 0
-15 1 5 3

0.5
16.25

1
1

1.5
1.875

2
5

Y = -16 X
X Y -4
4

-3
5.33

-2
8

-1
16

1
-16

2
-8

-5.33 -4

Using Calculator
2(4)2 + 5(4) 1 = 51 2 ( 1 4 = ) x2 + 5 ( 4 )

Using Calculator
(-2)3 - 12(-2) + 10 = 26 ( (-) 2 ( (-) 2 OR ( (-) 2 ( (-) 2 ) ) V 3 1 1 2 ) ) SHIFT x2 + 1 0 = 1 2

0 =

Using Calculator
6 = -2 (-3) 6 ( (-) 3 ) =

y = x2 + 2x x y -5 15 -4 8 )2 + 2( )2 + 2( -3 -2 -1 0 -1 )= 3 )= 8 0 0 1 3 2 3 15

y = ( y =(

Completing the table of values y = -4 x

x y -4 -2.5 -1 -0.5 1 1.6 8 0.5 -8 1 -4 2 3.2 4 -1.25 -1

y = -4 ( ) = 4

y = -4 ( ) = -2

Marking the points on the x-axis and y-axis x-axis scale : 2 cm to 2 units

2.4 2

3.0

3.9 4

x-axis scale : 2 cm to 2 units

-3.6 -4

-3.0

-2.1 -2

y-axis scale : 2 cm to 5 units

15 14.5 13.5

12 10.75 10

y-axis scale : 2 cm to 5 units

-15 -15.5 -16.5

-18 -19.25 -20

The x-coordinate and y-coordinate

E (4,4) x A (-3,2) x C (2,0) x F (-7,-2) x xD (0,-4)

B (4,-3) x

xA(0,3) xE(-0.5,2) x B (0.3,1.5) 1 x C (0.5,-1.5)

-1

x D(-1,-3) -5

xA (0,1.2) x B (0.3,0.6) -1 x C (0.2,-1) 1

x D (-1,-1.2) -2

xA (0,5) x B(0.3,3) -1 x C (0.5,-3) x D(-1,-6) -10 1

2.1 A

Drawing the Graphs

To draw the graph of a function, follow these steps;

 Construct a table for a chosen range of x values, for example -4 x 4  Draw the x-axis and the y-axis and suitable scale for each axis starting from the origin  Plot the x and y values as coordinate pairs on the Cartesian Plane  Join the points to form a straight line (using ruler) or smooth curve (using French Curve/flexible ruler) with a sharp pencil  Label the graphs

2.1 A

Drawing the Graphs

GRAPH OF A LINEAR FUNCTION y 8 6

Draw the graph of y = 3x + 2 for -2 x 2

solution
x y -2 -4 0 2 2 8 -4 +2 -2

4 2 0 -2 2 4 x

-4

Draw the graph of y = x2 + 2x for -5 x 3

solution
y = x2 + 2x x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 3 -2 -1 0 -1 0 0 1 3 2 8 3 15

-3 + 2 -3

GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION

y
16 14 12

y = x2 + 2x

10 8 6

x
-5 -4 -3 -2

4 2

x
1 2 3

-1

x 0

Draw the graph of y = x3 - 12x + 3 for -4 x 4

solution
y = x3 - 12x + 3 x y -4 -3 -2 -1 0 3 1 2 3 4

-13 12 19 14

-8 -13 -6 19

-4 - 12 -4 + 3

GRAPH OF A CUBIC FUNCTION y 25 x x 20 x 15 10 5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -5 -10 x -15 x x x 1 2 3 x 4 x x

Draw the graph of y = -4 for -4 x 4. x

solution
y = -4 x x y -4 -2.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.6 4 8 1 2 3.2 4

-8 -4 -2 -1.25 -1

-4 -1

y
X8

6
X

4 2

-4

-3

-2

-1

0 -2 -4 -6 -8
X

1
X

2
X

3X

4 X

GRAPH OF A RECIPROCAL FUNCTION

x USING FRENCH CURVE

x x

USING FRENCH CURVE

USING FRENCH CURVE

-10 -15 -20

2.1 B

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

y x
y = x2 + 2x
16 14

Find (a) the value of y when x = -3.5 (b) the value of x when y = 11

y = 11

12

10

8 6 5

solution
From the graph; (a) y = 5

x
-5-4.4 -4 -3.5 -3 -2

4 2

x
1 2 2.5 3

(b) X = -4.4, 2.5

-1

2.1 B

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

y x
y = x2 + 2x
16 14 12 10

x
5

8 6

x
-5 -4 -3.5-3 -2

4 2

x
1 2 3

-1

2.1 B

Finding Values of Variable from a Graph

y xy = x2 + 2x
-4.4
16 14 12

x
2.5

11

10

8 6 5

x
-5 -4 -3 -2

4 2

x
1 2 3

-1

x =1.5

y x 8 y = -4 x x 6 4 3.4 2 x -4 -3 x -2 -1.2-1 0 -2 -2.2 -4 -6 -8 x x 1 1.8 2 x

Find (a) the value of y when x = 1.8 (b) the value of x when y = 3.4

4 x

solution (a) (b) y = -2.2 x = -1.2

Notes
Values obtained from the graphs are approximations

2.1 C

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

LINEAR a
y=x

y b
y = -x + 2 2 0

2.1 C

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

QUADRATIC a
y = x2

y b
y = -x2 0

2.1 C

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

CUBIC a
y = x3

y b
y = -x3 + 2 2 0

2.1 C

Identifying the shape of a Graph from a Given Function y

RECIPROCAL a y=1 x
0

y b y = -1 x

2.1 D

Sketching Graphs of Function

Sketching a graph means drawing a graph without the actual data It helps us to visualise the relationship of the variables When we sketch the graph, we do not use a graph paper, however we must know the important characteristics of the graph such as its general form (shape), the y-intercept and x-intercept

Sketching The Graph of A Linear Function y = 2x + 4

y

EXAMPLE

 find the x-intercept of y = 2x + 4.

Substitute y = 0 2x + 4 = 0 2x = -4 x = -2 Thus, x-intercept = -2

4 y = 2x + 4

 find the y-intercept of y = 2x + 4.

Substitute x = 0 y = 2(0) + 4 y=4 Thus, y-intercept = 4

-2

 draw a straight line that passes x-intercept and y-intercept

Sketching The Graph of A Quadratic Function y = -2x2 + 8 y

8

EXAMPLE a<0

 the shape of the graph is  y-intercept is 8  find the x-intercept of y = -2x2 + 8. Substitute y = 0 -2x2 + 8 = 0 -2x2 = -8 x2 = 4 Thus, x-intercept = -2 and 2

-2

Sketching The Graph of A Cubic Function y = -3x3 + 5 y

EXAMPLE a<0

 the shape of the graph is  y-intercept is 5

5

2.2

The Solution of An Equation By Graphical Method

Solve the equation x2 = x + 2 Solution x2 = x + 2 x2 - x 2 = 0 (x 2)(x + 1) = 0 x = 2, x = -1

Solve the equation x2 = x + 2 by using the Graphical Method y 4 y = x2 3 y=x+2 B Let y = x + 2 and y = x2 Draw both graphs on the same axes Look at the points of intersection: A and B. Read the values of the coordinates of x. x = -1 and x x=2

2 A

-2

-1

2.2

The Solution of An Equation By Graphical Method

12. (a) Complete Table 1 for the equation y = x2 + 2x by writing down the values of y when x = -3 and 2. x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 -2 0 -1 -1 0 0 1 3 2 3 15

TABLE 1

(b) By using scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 units on the y-axis, draw the graph of y = x2 + 2x for -5 x 3. (c) From your graph, find (i) the value of y when x = -3.5, (ii) the value of x when y = 11. (d) Draw a suitable straight line on your graph to find a value of x which satisfies the equation of x 2 + x 4 = 0 for -5 x 3.

2.2

The Solution of An Equation By Graphical Method

EXAMPLE 1 The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve each of the following equations. a) x2 - 5x - 3 = 4 b) x2 - 5x - 3 = 2x + 4 c) x2 - 5x - 2 = x + 4 d) x2 - 5x - 10 = 0 e) x2 - 7x - 2 = 0

The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 5x - 3 = 4

solution
a) x2 - 5x - 3 = 4 x2 - 5x - 3 = y y

Therefore, y = 4 is the suitable straight line

b) x2 - 5x - 3 = 2x + 2

x2 - 5x - 3 = y y

Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line

The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 5x 2 = x + 4

solution
c) x2 - 5x - 2 = x + 4 x2 - 5x - 2 - 1 = x + 4 - 1 x2 - 5x - 3 = x + 3
Therefore, y = x + 3 is the suitable straight line

-1 on both sides

The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 5x - 10 = 0

solution
d) x2 - 5x - 10 = 0 x2 - 5x = 10 x2 - 5x - 3 = 10 - 3 7 x2 - 5x - 3 = 7
Therefore, y = 7 is the suitable straight line

Rearrange the equation -3 on both sides

The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 7x - 2 = 0

solution
e) x2 - 7x - 2 = 0 x2 = 7x + 2 Rearrange the equation -5x - 3 on both sides

x2 - 5x - 3 = 7x + 2 - 5x - 3 x2 - 5x - 3 = 2x -1
Therefore, y = 2x - 1 is the suitable straight line

The graph y = x2 - 5x - 3 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line to be drawn to solve the equation: x2 - 7x - 2 = 0 e

Alternative Method
Since a straight line is needed, we used to eliminate the term, x2. The following method can be used

y = x2 - 5x - 3 0 = x2 - 7x - 2
1

1 2

y-0 = -5x - (-7x) - 3 - ( -2) y = 2x - 1

2.2

The Solution of An Equation By Graphical Method

EXAMPLE 2 The graph y = 8 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line x to be drawn to solve each of the following equations. a) 4 = x + 1 x b) -8 = -2x - 2 x

The graph y = 8 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line x to be drawn to solve each the equation: 4 = x + 1 x

solution
a 4=x+1 x
Multiply both sides by 2

We get 8 = 2x + 2 2x x
Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line

The graph y = 8 is drawn. Determine the suitable straight line x to be drawn to solve each the equation: - 8 = -2x - 2 x

solution
b -8 = -2x - 2 x We get 8 = 2x + 2 2x + 2 x
Therefore, y = 2x + 2 is the suitable straight line Multiply both sides by -1

2.2

The Solution of An Equation By Graphical Method

12. (a) Complete Table 1 for the equation y = x2 + 2x by writing down the values of y when x = -3 and 2. x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 -2 0 -1 -1 0 0 1 3 2 3 15

TABLE 1

(b) By using scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 units on the y-axis, draw the graph of y = x2 + 2x for -5 x 3. (c) From your graph, find (i) the value of y when x = -3.5, (ii) the value of x when y = 11. (d) Draw a suitable straight line on your graph to find a value of x which satisfies the equation of x 2 + x 4 = 0 for -5 x 3.

solution 12. (a) y = x2 + 2x x y -5 15 -4 8 -3 3 -2 -1 0 -1 0 0 1 3 2 8 3 15

y = (-3 ) 2 + 2 ( -3 ) = 3 y = ( 2 )2 + 2( 2 ) = 8

12. (a) x
16 14 12 10

y x

8 6

x
-5 -4 -3 -2

4 2

x
1 2 3

-1

x 0

12. (c) y x
16 14

Answer:
(i) y = 5.0 (ii) x = -4.4 x = 2.5

y = 1112
10

8 6 5

x
-5-4.4 -4 -3.5 -3 -2

4 2

x
1 2 2.5 3

-1

x 0

12. (d) y x
16 14 12 10

y = x2 + 2x + 0 - 0 = x2 + x - 4 y = x+ 4

x 0 -4 y 4 0 x
Answer:
(d) x = 1.5 x = -2.5

8 6

x
-5

4 x 2

x
1 1.5 2 3

x -4

-3 -2.5 -2

-1

x 0

ax2 + bx + c = 0 x2 + x 4 = 0 a = 1 b = 1 c = -4 Press 3x
MODE EQN 1 2 (-) 4 a? 1 1 Unknowns ? 2 3 Degree? 2 3 1

b?

c?

x1 = 1.561552813

x2 = -2.561552813

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y > ax + b or y < ax + b

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b,

How can we determine whether a given point satisfies y = 3x + 1, y < 3x + 1or y > 3x + 1 ?

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y > ax + b or y < ax + b

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b, Let us consider the point (3,5). The point can only satisfies one of the following relations: (a) y = 3x + 1 (b) y < 3x + 1 (c) y > 3x + 1

< 3x + 1 3(3) + 1 10

= <

5 < 5

>

Since the y-coordinate of the point (3,5) is 5, which is less than 10, we conclude that y < 3x + 1 . Therefore, the point (3,5) satisfies the relation y < 3x + 1

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y > ax + b or y < ax + b

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b,

EXAMPLE
Determine whether the following points satisfy y = 3x - 1, y < 3x - 1 or y > 3x - 1. (a) (1,-1) (b) (3,10) (c) (2,9)

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y > ax + b or y < ax + b

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b,

solution
For point (1,-1)

When x = 1, y = 3(1) - 1 = 2 Since the y-coordinate of the point (1,-1) is -1, which is less than 2, we conclude that y < 3x - 1 . Therefore, the point (1,-1) satisfies the relation y < 3x - 1

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y > ax + b or y < ax + b

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b,

solution
For point (3,10)

When x = 3, y = 3(3) - 1 = 8 Since the y-coordinate of the point (3,10) is 10, which is greater than 8, we conclude that y > 3x - 1 . Therefore, the point (3,10) satisfies the relation y > 3x - 1

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES y > ax + b or y < ax + b

2.3 A Determining Whether a Given Point Satisfies y = ax + b,

solution
For point (-1,-4)

When x = -1, y = 3(-1) - 1 = -4 Since the y-coordinate of the point (-1,-4) is -4, which is equal to -4, we conclude that y = 3x - 1 . Therefore, the point (-1,-4) satisfies the relation y = 3x - 1

2.3 2.3 B

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determining The Position of A Given Point Relative to y = ax + b

 All the points satisfying y < ax + b are below the graph

 All the points satisfying y = ax + b are on the graph

 All the points satisfying y > ax + b are above the graph

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determining The Position of A Given Point Relative to 2.3 B y = ax + b
The point P(4,8) lies above the line y = x. This region is represented by y > x The point Q(4,2) lies below the line y = x. This region is represented by y < x The point Q(4,4) lies on the line y = x. This region is represented by y = x -6 -4 -2 y 8 6 4 2 0 -2
y>x Q(4,4) Q(4,2) P(4,8)

2.3

-4 -8

y<x

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determining The Position of A Given Point Relative to 2.3 B y = ax + b
y 8
P(-8,6) Q(2,8)

2.3

The point P(-8,6) lies above the line y = 3x + 2. This region is represented by y > 3x + 2 The point Q(4,4) lies below the line y = 3x + 2. This region is represented by y < 3x + 2

6 4 2
Q(4,4)

-8

-4

-2

0 -2

y > 3x + 2

-4 -8

y < 3x + 2

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

2.3 C Identifying The Region Satisfying y > ax + b or y < ax + b y

EXAMPLE
Determine whether the shaded region in the graph satisfies y < 3x + 2 or y > 3x + 2 8 6 4 2 -8 -4 -2 0 -2 -4 -8 2 4 8 x

solution
The shaded region is below the graph, y = 3x + 2. Hence, this shaded region satisfies y< 3x + 2

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

2.3 D Shading The Regions Representing Given Inequalities

Symbol
The type of line to be drawn depends on inequality symbol

Type of Line Dashed Line Solid line

< or >

HoT TiPs
The dashed line indicates that all points are not included in the region. The solid line indicates that all points on the line are included

or

The table above shows the

symbols of inequality and the corresponding type of line to be drawn

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

y y > ax + b a>0 b y b

2.3 D Shading The Regions Representing Given Inequalities

y < ax + b a>0 x

0 y y ax + b a>0 b

0 y b

y ax + b a>0 x

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

y y

2.3 D Shading The Regions Representing Given Inequalities

y >ax + b a<0

b x

y ax + b a<0 x

0 y y < ax + b a<0 b x

y b y ax + b a<0 x

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

y y

2.3 D Shading The Regions Representing Given Inequalities

x >a a>0 0 y xa a>0 0 a x a 0 a x a 0

x>a a<0 x

y xa a<0 x

2.3 2.3 E

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More Simultaneous Linear Inequalities
EXAMPLE Shade the region that satisfies 3y < 2x + 6, 2y -x + 2 and x 3.
y

2 X=3 1 -3 0 2 3 x

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

Shade the region that satisfies 3y < 2x + 6, 2y -x + 2 and x 3.

2 X=3 1 -3 0 2 3 x

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

Region A satisfies 2y -x + 2, 3y < 2x + 6, and x 3
y

A
1 -3 0 2

X=3

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Simultaneous Linear Inequalities

2.3 E Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More

Region A satisfies 2y -x + 2, 3y < 2x + 6, and x 3

A
1 -3 0 2

X=3

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Simultaneous Linear Inequalities

2.3 E Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More

Region A satisfies 2y > -x + 2, 3y 2x + 6, and x < 3

A
1 -3 0 2

X=3

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Simultaneous Linear Inequalities

Region B satisfies y -x + 3, y < x , and x 3

2.3 E Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More

y 3

B
0

x=3

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Simultaneous Linear Inequalities

Region B satisfies y > -x + 3, y x , and x < 3

2.3 E Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More

y 3

B
0

x=3

2.3

REGION REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES Simultaneous Linear Inequalities

x = -3

2.3 E Determine The Region which Satisfies Two or More

Region C satisfies y > -x + 3, y -2x , and x >-3

C
-3

3 x

y x
16 14 12 10

y = x2 + 2x

Region A satisfies y x2 + 2x, y x + 4, and x 0

8 6

x
y = x+ 4

x
-5

4 x 2

Ax

x -4

-3 -2.5 -2

-1

1 1.5 2

y x
16 14 12 10

y = x2 + 2x

Region A satisfies y x2 + 2x, y x < 4, and x 0

8 6

x
y = x+ 4

x
-5

4 x 2

Ax

x -4

-3 -2.5 -2

-1

x 0

1 1.5 2

SPM Clone
Shade the region that satisfies y 2x + 8, y x, and y < 8

y y=x y=8

y 2x + 8 yx y<8

y = 2x + 8

SPM Clone
Shade the region that satisfies y 2x + 8, y x, and y < 8

y y=x y=8

K1 P2 x

y = 2x + 8

3.

y y=x y=8 K2 x

2 y = 2x + 8

3.

y y=x K1

0 x

y = 2x + 8

On the graphs provided, shade the region which satisfies the three inequalities x < 3, y 2x 6 and y -6 [3 marks] y y = 2x6 O x

y = 6

Solution:

x < 3, y 2x 6 and y -6

x=3 y = 2x6

y = 6

K3

x-intercept = -(-6 2) = 3

On the graphs provided, shade the region which satisfies the three inequalities y x - 4, y -3x + 12 and y > -4 [3 marks] y = 3x+12 y y = x4

Solution: y x - 4, y -3x + 12 and y > -4 y = 3x+12 y y = x4

x y = 4 K3

y-intercept =-4

SPM 2003 PAPER 2

REFER TO QUESTION NO. 12

12. ( a )
x y -4 -2.5 -1 -0.5 1 1.6 0.5 -8 1 -4 2 3.2 4

-1.25 -1 K1K1

y = -4 ( ) = 4

y = -4 ( ) = -2

12(b)

y X 8 6
X

K1 K1N1
x

4 2

-3

-2 -1

-4

0 -2 -4 -6 -8
X

1
X

2
X

3X

4 X

K1N1

12. ( a )
x y -4 -2.5 -1 -0.5 1 1.6 4 0.5 -8 1 2 3.2 4

-4 2

-1.25 -1 K1K0

12(b)

y X 8

K1 K1N1
X

6
X

4 2

-3

-2 -1

-4

0 -2 -4 -6 -8
X

1
X

3X

4 X

K1 N0

12. ( c )

y x 8 6 x 4 3.4 2

x -4 -3

x -2 -1.2 -1 0 -2 -2.2 -4 1

1.8 2 x x 3 4 x x

(i) ( ii )

y = -2.2 x = -1.2

P1 P1

-6 -8 x

y x 8 6 x 4 2 x -4 x -3 -2.4-2 -1 0 0.8 1 2 x x 3

4 = 2x + 3 x - 4 = -2x - 3 x

-2
-4

4 x

K1K1

12. (d) x = - 2.4 x = 0.8 N1

-6 -8 x

y = -2x - 3