Cat4500 QOS CENIC

Cisco Catalyst 4500 Quality of Service
John Bartlomiejczyk jbartlom@cisco.com Gigabit Systems Business Unit
QoS Technical Update June 2004
2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
Cisco Catalyst 4500 IOS Supervisor Options

Supervisor V
Optimized for Large Networks (Premium HW and SW Services) Support for Higher Port Densities (Catalyst 4510R) Advanced Layer 3 Switching/Routing (OSPF, EIGRP, IS:IS) Highly Scalable Layer 2/3/4 Services Supports Up to 10 Active Slots96Gbps + 72Mpps Redundancy Support in 4507R and 4510R Chassis Catalyst 4503, 4506, 4507R, 4510R, and 4006 Chassis Cisco IOS-Based Optimized for Medium Networks Advanced Layer 3 Switching/Routing (OSPF, EIGRP, IS:IS) Scalable Layer 2/3/4 Services Supports Up to 5 Active Slots64Gbps + 48Mpps Redundancy Support in 4507R Chassis Advanced Layer 3 Switching Catalyst 4503, 4506, 4507R and 4006 Chassis Cisco IOS-Based Optimized for Smaller Networks Basic Layer 3 Switching/Routing (RIP and Static) Layer 2/3/4 Intelligent Services Supports Up to 5 Active Slots64Gbps + 48Mpps Redundancy Support in 4507R Chassis Catalyst 4503, 4506, 4507R and 4006 Chassis Cisco IOS-Based
Catalyst 4500 Series Cisco IOS-Based Supervisors
Optional NetFlow Daughter Card
Supervisor IV
Optional NetFlow Daughter Card
Supervisor II-Plus
Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series Chassis Specs
Catalyst 4503 Sup Redundancy Slots Ports (max) Dimensions (RUs) Chassis/19 rack Power Supplies Supervisors n/a 3 96+2 7 6 1+1 Sup II and higher
Catalyst 4506 n/a 6 240+2 10 4 1+1 Sup II and higher
Catalyst 4507R Catalyst 4510R Yes 7 240+4 (SupV) 11 4 1+1 Sup II+/IV/V Yes 10 336+6 (SupV) 14 3 1+1 Sup V
3
Is QoS needed in the Campus ?
throw more bandwidth Just

at it. That will solve the problem!
Maybe, maybe not. Campus congestion is a buffer management issue.
Anatomy of a Campus Design

TCP Traffic Burst + VoIP
Core
Si Si
Instantaneous Interface Congestion
Distribution
Si
Si
Access
Result
Even though the average link utilization is below 100%, buffers may still fill up and packets dropped
Packets that made it through. Rest are dropped Buffers

Link Utilization 60%
Example: 100 Mbps Link
Packets from different Applications
Conclusions
Buffers can congest in LANs QoS required when there is congestion

in buffers
Buffer Management can help reduce loss Buffering reduces loss but delay
sensitive application could be negatively impacted
QoS Terminology
QoS labels are used to prioritize traffic
COS, TOS, DSCP
Classification is selection of traffic based on labels, policy Marking is application of QoS labels to traffic Policing is process by which the switch limits the bandwidth consumed by a flow of traffic Queuing is placing of traffic in different transmit queues Scheduling is process of emptying the transmit queues
RST-3508 9805_05_2004_c1
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 2 and 3 Traffic Classification

Layer 2 802.1Q/p
PREAM. SFD DA SA Typ e TAG 4 Bytes PT DATA FCS
Three Bits Used for CoS (802.1D User Priority) PRI CFI VLAN ID
Layer 3 IPV4
Version Length ToS 1 Byte 6 IP Precedence Len ID Offset TTL Proto FCS IP-SA IPIP-DA IPData
Unused Bits; Flow Control for DSCP DSCP Standard IPV4: Three MSB Called IP Precedence (DiffServ May Use Six D.S. Bits Plus Two for Flow Control)
DiffServ Behaviors (RFCs: 2474, 2475, 2597 & 2598)

Per-Hop Behaviours (PHB)
Expedited Forwarding Assured Forwarding
Class Selector (CS) 1 Class Selector (CS) 2 Class Selector (CS) 3
DiffServ Code Points (DSCP)

101110
EF
Low Drop Pref
Med Drop Pref
High Drop Pref
AF11 AF21 AF31 AF41
AF12 AF22 AF32 AF42
AF13 AF23 AF33 AF43
001010 001100 001110 010010 010100 010110 011010 011100 011110 100010 100100 100110 000000
Class Selector (CS) 4
Best Effort
QoS Technical Update June 2004 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
10
S2
Catalyst 4500 QoS Capabilities

Supervisor II
Layer 2 only System-wide QoS Dual Tx Queues per Port
Queue 1
Cisco IOS-Based Supervisors IOSLayer 2, 3, or 4 QoS Per-port QoS Four Tx queues per port Strict priority queue Dynamic queue memory allocation Packet classification and marking Policing/bursting Shaping/sharing Queue 4
Queue 3
Queue 2
Queue 2 Queue 1
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Predictable Performance
48 Mpps/64 Gbps L2/L3/L4 switching Wirespeed High Touch Services on every port with no performance hit: 32K QoS ACL entries* 32K Security ACL entries* 2,048 Policers * (16Kbps-1Gbps per port) 4 Queues per port 128K uni/multi-cast addresses* 4,096 802.1Q/ISL VLANs* * Lower on Supervisor II-Plus
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Cisco IOS-Based Supervisor QoS Flow Summary

Classification based on: Default DSCP port setting Port Trusted COS or DSCP Layer 2/3/4 ACLs Policing via ACLs Police Action: Mark Drop Based: Byte rate Burst (Token Bucket)
Sharing and Shaping and Strict Priority Q3 to Schedule between Output queues
Queue 1
RX
Shared Memory
Classify
Police
DBL
Rewrite Info
Queue 2 Queue 3 Queue 4 Sched TX
In-coming Encapsulation Can be 802.1Q, 802.1p, ISL, or none
Dynamic Buffer Limiting (Supervisor II Plus Supervisor IV Supervisor V ) Congestion Avoidance
Rewrites TOS Field in IP Header and 802.1p/ISL CoS Field
Out-going Encapsulation Can be 802.1Q, 802.1p, ISL, or none
13
Example Queue Configuration

Queue 3 voice / router control
needs low latency
Queue 2 important TCP Queue 1 less important TCP Queue 4 video

guaranteed bandwidth
Multiple queues must share the link

14
QoS Examples
Rewrite all packets from a specific host with high-priority DSCP Trust DSCP of VOIP packets and place in Strict Priority Tx Queue Police all multicast to 30 mbps Mark down vlan 7 traffic beyond 50mbps Put video in Tx queue 2 and shape to 20mbps
15
QoS Syntax : Modular QoS CLI

Various Criteria to match packets (ACL, IP Prec, IP-DSCP) If a packet matches criteria, it is a member of this class. Associates a Class with a particular function or policy For Catalyst 4500 IOS Supervisor, a policy is used to trust traffic, mark traffic, or police traffic Applies the service policy to a particular interface Effectively commits the policy to the hardware
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Define Class
Create Policy
Assign Interface
Modular QoS Configuration Example

Match all video on Gig2/1 Set its DSCP to 5 Police it to 100mbps and 120 kbps burst Markdown traffic exceeding policed rate
access-list 101 udp permit any any range 19000 19010 class-map video match access-group 101 policy-map vid-server class video set ip precedence 5 police 100m 15K exceed-action policed-dscp-transmit interface Gig2/1 service-policy input vidserver
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Cisco Catalyst 4500 Architecture

3-slot, 6-slot chassisone supervisor with two or five module slots 7-slot chassisone or two supervisors with five module slots 10-slot chassisone or two supervisors (Supervisor V only) with eight module slots Cisco IOS supervisors provide:
Central forwarding engine (Fast Forwarding Engine, FFE) Buffering and 64 Gbps fabric (Packet Processing Engine, PPE)96 Gbps fabric with Supervisor V and PPE2
Forwarding Engine (FFE) Shared Memory Fabric (PPE)

12 Gbps 12 Gbps 12 Gbps 12 Gbps 12 Gbps
Switching Module
Switching Module
Switching Module
12 Gbps bandwidth to each module Auto MDIX on 10/100/1000 Ports Modules are transparent:
Contain simple stub ASICs, PHYs No buffering or local switching
RST-3508 9805_05_2004_c1
Switching Module
Switching Module
Note: Supervisor Engine V Supports 3 Additional Line Card Slots

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Catalyst 4000/4500 Linecards

6 full-duplex GbE connections to switch fabric Transparent
No local forwardingall packets go to supervisor
GbE connections from switch fabric straight to front-panel port or connect to stubs
6 Full-duplex Gbps Connections to Supervisor Switch Fabric
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Stub ASIC Overview

Fans out GigE ports from switch fabric Up to 8 front-panel ports; 10/100, 1000-only, or 10/100/1000 Flow control on gigabit interfaces Ports can be used in an EtherChannel Not always oversubscribed e.g. 10/100
GbE to/from Switch Fabric
Up to 8 Front-Panel Ports, 10/100/1000

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RST-3508 9805_05_2004_c1
Blocking and Non-Blocking Ports

Non-Blocking Gigabit Line Cards Blocking Gigabit Line Card All Ports on the WSX4424-GB-RJ45 All Ports on the WSX4448-GB-RJ45 WS-X4548-GB-RJ45V All Ports on the WSX4448-GB-LX Last 16 Ports on the WS-X4418-GB 1000 BT Ports on the WS-X4412-2GB-TX All ports on the WSX4424-GB-RJ45 Oversubscripti on Ratio for Blocking Line Cards 4:1 8:1 8:1 8:1 4:1 4:1 4:1
Supervisor Uplink Ports WS-X4306-GBAll Ports Two 1000 Base-X Ports on the WS-X4232-GB-RJ First Two Ports on WS-X4418GB WS-X4302-GBBoth Ports
Oversubscribed GbE modules are ideal for deployments that are more bursty in nature such as Gigabit to the Desktop and Servers These interfaces are not recommended for uplinks or sustained connections
RST-3508 9805_05_2004_c1
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Transmit Queue Sizes, Buffers
packet buffers 240 / 1920 entries

For Supervisor Engines IV and II-Plus 240 packet queue depth per 10/100 or blocking Gigabit Port 1920 packet queue depth on non-blocking ports Input Queuing Not Needed
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New w/ Sup5
PPE2 increases all transmit queue buffers

All system ports benefit ; DBL congestion avoidance works on these queues to isolate belligerent flows
Transmit queues increased to 1368 queues/system (336 * 4 + 6*4) Packets/queue independent of the incoming packet size
Supervisor Engine V
// Non blocking gigabit ports 2336 packets/queue or 9344 packets/port 22% increase
Supervisor Engine II-Plus, IV

// Non blocking gigabit ports 1920 packets/queue or 7680 packets/port // Sub ports 240 packets/queue or 960 packets/queue Command: show qos int <port>
// Sub ports 292 packets/queue or 1168 packets/port Command: show qos int <port>
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QoS Scheduling on Cisco IOS-Based Supervisors

Traffic Sharing
Specifies the minimum bandwidth for a Queue Used to implement a prioritized scheduling mechanism Only available on non-blocking Gigabit ports( SupIV & II-+)
Available on all ports for Supervisor V
Traffic Shaping Configuring the maximum bandwidth for a Queue Available on every port and queue with an IOS Supervisor Policing vs. Shaping on the Catalyst 4500 IOS Supervisor PolicingTakes place at forwarding engine; if you exceed limit, then packets are dropped (or marked down) ShapingTakes place between queue and physical wire; if you exceed limit, then continue to buffer and try again later
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QoS Policing vs. Shaping

Traffic Traffic Rate Traffic
Data Lost
Traffic Rate
Policing
Time Traffic Rate
Time
Traffic
Traffic
Data Preserved
Traffic Rate
Shaping
Time
Time
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Scheduling: Shaping
Max rate (10K to 1 Gbps)
Shaped queue like a virtual wire Packets clock out exactly at shaped rate
Hold packets in queue when rate exceeded Example use:

Shape a bursty application to 1 Mbps to smooth it
Supported on all ports, typically used with strict priority queue

Shaper (Specifies Max BW) TX Port Q
26
Uses for Policing and Shaping
Regulate Traffic Flows Business Models (Policing or Shaping)

a pay-by-the-megabit model
Smoothing Traffic (Shaping)

can reduce buffers needed downstream
27
Scheduling: Sharing
Minimum rate (32 Kbps to 1 Gbps)
Rate is guaranteed minimum
Scheduling algorithm:
If below share rate, queue is high priority High priority queues serviced first
Sharing only on non-blocking gigabit ports in Supervisor IV and II-Plus Supported on ALL ports on Supervisor Engine V
Shaper (Specifies Max BW) Non-Blocking Port TX Port Q Sharer (Specifies Min Guaranteed BW)
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Uses for Sharing
Want to guarantee bandwidth to an application Data/Voice/Video example:

On a 100 mbps ETTH link video guaranteed 80 mbps voice gets 10mbps high priority data guaranteed 20 mbps (but can use more if no video)
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Scheduling: Strict Priority

Strict priority queue is always checked 1st
(subject to shaping) ensures low delay: intended for voice/control
Queue 3 on all ports (default voice queue) Caveat: On blocking ports..strict priority can prevent other queues from being serviced
Shape the strict queue to avoid this! Reserve it for voice and control
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QoS Scheduling differences Supervisor IV versus Supervisor V
New w/ Sup5
Sharing is available on all the ports with Supervisor V Auto QoS macro automatically does sharing on subports
-- auto qos voip {cisco-phone| trust} Traffic Sharing Specifies the minimum bandwidth for a Queue ( similar to WRR) Used to implement a prioritized scheduling mechanism e.g. bandwidth over video servers Available on all physical ports Supervisor IV supported sharing only on non-blocking gigabit ports Traffic Shaping Configuring the maximum bandwidth for a Queue on a physical port Limited shaping is supported on Supervisor V
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Sharing for Sub ports (GTTD)
New w/ Sup5
1 Gb/sec is mapped into 4 front panel GE ports on a WS-X4424
Per-Queue-Share = 1 Gbps / ( Num-Ports * Tx-Queues-Per-Port) For WS-X4424-RJ45 (24 port 10/100/1000), 1 Gbps / ( 4 Sub-ports * 4 tx-queueus-per-subport )
4510R#sh qos int Gi8/24 QoS is enabled globally Tx-Queue Bandwidth ShapeRate (bps) (bps) 1 62500000 disabled 2 62500000 disabled 3 62500000 disabled 4 62500000 disabled
The bandwidth compares to the 4:1 mapping since 4 GTTD ports map to a 1GE port (STUB)
Priority N/A N/A high N/A QueueSize (packets) 292 292 292 292
62.5Mbps * 4 = 250 Mbps per 4424 port

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Shaping and Sharing on Port Txqueues

cat4507R#show qos interface gig6/4 QoS is enabled globally Port QoS is enabled Port Trust State: 'dscp' Default DSCP: 0 Default CoS: 0 Appliance trust: none Tx-Queue Bandwidth (bps) 1 2 3 4 250000000 250000000 250000000 250000000 ShapeRate (bps) disabled disabled 50000000 disabled N/A N/A high N/A Priority QueueSize (packets) 2336 2336 2336 2336
Above output is from a Supervisor Engine V
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Cisco IOS-Based Supervisor Traffic Shaping/Sharing example

Configure ACL, policy-map using IOS MQC, then apply to the interface qos interface GigabitEthernet1/1 no switchport ip address 11.0.11.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode service-policy output video-servers tx-queue 2 bandwidth 200m tx-queue 3 priority high bandwidth 5m shape 20m // //
Give Voice guaranteed minimum share of 5 Mb Shape the strict priority queue to no more than 20 Mbps
//
Give Multicast share of 200m (min bandwidth guarantee)
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Rewrite: DSCP and CoS Rewrite
DSCP, CoS (header) rewrite
Ethernet MAC
DSCP and CoS are rewritten on transmit Using the global tos-to-cos map DSCP value is the internal DSCP
35
DSCP to Queue Mapping

Check DSCP to TX Queue Mappings
cat4500(config)# qos map dscp 50 to tx-queue 2 cat4500# sh qos maps dscp tx-queue DSCP-TxQueue Mapping Table (dscp = d1d2) d1 : d2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 For DSCP of 50 TX Queue Is 2
------------------------------------0 : 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 04 04 02 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04
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Tx Queue Scheduling
shaping
Q1 Q2 DSCP to queue map Q3 Q4 Queue selection based on internal DSCP
Default DSCP on Port Trust CoS/DSCP Via Service Policies
sharing, strict priority
Ethernet MAC
Switch-wide DSCP to Tx Queue map, not per-port! Shaping: max rate per queue Sharing: min rate per queue Strict priority on queue 3 All in hardware at wire rate
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Classification/TOS Re-Write Summary
Determine the internal DSCP valuethis depends on the policymap and port trust configuration If a packet encounters both input and output classification policy:
Output policy has precedence If no output policy then input policy has precedence If no output/input policy then RX port trust is used
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Whats in the Queues ?

r3_4507R_S4#sh int gig5/1 count detail(truncated) Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 Port Gi5/1 InBytes 3133178 OutBytes 1470897765 InPkts 64 16079 InPkts 128-255 0 InPkts 512-1023 0 InUcastPkts 0 OutUcastPkts 28 OutPkts 64 259966 OutPkts 128-255 0 OutPkts 512-1023 0 InMcastPkts 24110 OutMcastPkts 1291706 InPkts 65-127 0 InPkts 256-511 8031 InBcastPkts 0 OutBcastPkts 20170536 OutPkts 65-127 21189826 OutPkts 256-511 8153
InPkts 1024-1518 OutPkts 1024-1518 InPkts 1519-1548 OutPkts 1519-1548 0 4325 0 0 Tx-Bytes-Queue-1 1377824448 Tx-Drops-Queue-1 0 Tx-Bytes-Queue-2 Tx-Bytes-Queue-3 0 1904 Tx-Drops-Queue-2 Tx-Drops-Queue-3 0 0 Tx-Bytes-Queue-4 93071413 Tx-Drops-Queue-4 0
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Extras: QoS on the CPU Port

0:ESMP Packets to the CPU 9-10: L3 Rx (telnet/SNMP) 15:MTU Fail/Invalid 1:Control 2: Host Learning 3-5: L3 Forwarding
CPU queues
Protects important traffic when CPU usage is high BPDUs/routing updates get priority Can still telnet or SNMP query when CPU is high
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Policing on the Catalyst 4500 IOS Based Supervisors

Two Types of Policers
Individual: acts on each of the applied ports/VLAN Aggregate: acts on all of the applied ports/VLAN
Two policer parameters: rate and burst

rate from 32kbps to 32gbps, burst in bytes
Two actions
exceed-action: drop, transmit, markdown conform-action: drop, transmit
Input and output policing on every packet

1020 input, 1020 output policers, sharable
41
Policing Issues
Make Sure the Correct Type of Policer Is Used
Cat4500# show policy-map interface Gig1/1 GigabitEthernet1/1 service-policy input: p1 class-map: c1 (match-all) 3435 packets match: access-group 100 police: Per-interface <----- This is a individual policer. Conform: 45454 bytes Exceed: 56345 bytes
Cat4500# show policy-map interface Gig1/2 GigabitEthernet1/1 service-policy input: p1 class-map: c1 (match-all) 335 packets match: access-group 100 police: policer1 <----- This is an aggregate or named policer. Conform: 4554 bytes Exceed: 563 bytes
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Policing Using QOS ACLs

ACLs applied to QoS class maps are referred to as QoS ACLs. One example below is to rate limit traffic from host 9.2.1.51 to 500kbps
! qos access-list 125 permit tcp host 9.2.1.51 ! class-map class-500k match access-group 125 policy-map police-500k class class-500k police 500k 13k conform-action transmit exceed-action drop ! interface Vlan100 ip address 9.2.1.1 255.255.255.0 service-policy input police-500k
43
Policing: How to Set the Burst Size?

Too small: And policer drops due to burstiness inherent in all networks Too large: And the entire transfer fits in the burst (especially for TCP) Small burst size [n*max pkt size] ok for video, voice Larger burst needed for TCP: 2 x [RTT * rate], good starting point Starting with IOS release 12.1.19EW1 will react to a packet drop Must evaluate how UDP trafficand higher, the policer calculations can include the 14 byte Ethernet header field and 4 byte FCS field when policing Right answer depends onusing network command: qos account the the global packets; this would be enabled
layer2 encapsulation length 18 Releases prior to this do not include these fields; the policing rate and burst parameters configured needed to deduct the layer 2 encapsulation length when determining the policing rate and burst, otherwise underpolicing would result, particularly for smaller packet sizes in the 64 byte to 256 byte range
44
Input/Output Policer Rules Summary

If a Packet Encounters Both Input and Output Policy:
Ingress Policy Egress Policy Transmit Drop Markdown Mark Transmit Transmit Drop Markdown Mark Drop Drop Drop Drop Drop Markdown Markdown Drop Mark Mark Drop
Markdown Markdown Mark Mark
The Most Severe Action Is Taken

45
Use of QoS for Security :Scavenger Class QoS Scavenger throttled back
Classify Throttle
Si
Scavenger Traffic is assigned its own queue/threshold Scavenger Queue is shallow with a large burst to penalize sustained loads Multiple queues are the only way to guarantee voice quality, protect mission critical and throttle abnormal sources Cisco switches with multiple queues Catalyst 3500, 4500, 6500
Si
Gold
RX
Scavenger Queue Aggressive Drop
Data
RX
Scavenger
RX
TX
Voice
RX
Voice Put into Delay/Drop Sensitive Queue

46
Congestion AvoidanceWRED
Drop Probability 1
Drop All AF13 Drop All AF12 Drop All AF11
0. 5 0
Begin Dropping AF13 Begin Dropping AF12 Begin Dropping AF11
Average Queue Size

Max Queue Length (Tail Drop)
AF = Assured Forwarding
47
Dynamic Buffer Limiting (DBL)

Intelligent congestion avoidance mechanism DBL is flow based, tracking the amount of buffer used for each flow in the switch (port) Implemented in Supervisor IV and II Plus by tracking credits and monitoring buffers
drop one packet BUFFERS DBL
Aggressive buffer limit 2 pkts FLOW Classified NAF
CREDITS
Max credits 15 (default) Aggressive credit limit 10 T0 T1 T2
Non Adaptive Flow
T3
T4
Time 48
Why Dynamic Buffer Limiting (DBL)?

When Congestion Occurs (Transmitting Queue is Full)
Typical Congestion Avoidance Technique : Dropping both AF and NAF Result : More re-transmission, less overall performance
DBL : DROPPING NAF ONLY Less re-transmission, higher overall performance

49
DBL and WRED

Active Queue Management
Per flow congestion avoidance For flows that exceed the DBL limit, drop one packet Clamp down the Non Adaptive Flows individually All flows on transmit queue suffer if one NAF present Hardware Logic at every transmit queue Takes IP Precedence or DSCP into account If congestion occurs: a) Drop the packet b) Mark the Explicit Congestion ----Notification bit in IP header
DBL
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
WRED
No Random No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (using IOS 12.2)
Can be Used Together

50
Dynamic Buffer Limiting (DBL)

WITHOUT DBL and when confronted with congestion.. Tail dropping on Tx Q 1
C4506# show interface gi1/1 counters detail ( truncated) Port Gi1/1 Port Gi1/1 Port Gi1/1 Tx-Bytes-Queue-1 315142608 Tx-Bytes-Queue-2 28919476 Tx-Bytes-Queue-3 94 Tx-Drops-Queue-3 0 Tx-Bytes-Queue-4 430984 Tx-Drops-Queue-4 0
Tx-Drops-Queue-1 Tx-Drops-Queue-2 14489 0
Dbl-Drops-Queue-1 Dbl-Drops-Queue-2 0 0
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Enabling QoS and DBL on Cisco IOS Supervisors

The Information Is Applied per Port per Queue
Cat4500(config)#qos Cat4500(config)#qos dbl Cat4500# show qos dbl DBL is enabled globally DBL flow includes vlan DBL flow includes layer4-ports DBL does not use ecn to indicate congestion DBL exceed-action probability: 15% DBL max credits: 15 DBL aggressive credit limit: 10 // NAF threshold DBL aggressive buffer limit: 2 packets // NAFs are limited
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Dynamic Buffer Limiting Activated

C4506(config)# policy-map LAB-POLICY C4506(config-pmap)# class UDP C4506(config-pmap-c)# dbl C4506(config-pmap)# class FTP C4506(config-pmap-c)# dbl C4506# show policy Policy Map LAB-POLICY class FTP
set ip dscp 0 dbl class UDP
set ip dscp 0 dbl class WEB
set ip dscp 16 class TELNET
set ip dscp 48
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Dynamic Buffer Limiting Results

WITH DBL .. we dont have the Tail dropping
C4506# show interface gi1/1 counters detail( truncated) Port Gi1/1 Port Gi1/1 Port Gi1/1 Tx-Bytes-Queue-1 10250756 Tx-Bytes-Queue-2 1656656 Tx-Bytes-Queue-3 0 Tx-Drops-Queue-3 0 Tx-Bytes-Queue-4 24204 Tx-Drops-Queue-4 0
Tx-Drops-Queue-1 Tx-Drops-Queue-2 0 0
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Auto QoS VoIP : IOS 12.1.19 EW and Later

4500#sh auto qos Initial configuration applied by AutoQoS: qos qos map cos 3 to dscp 26 qos map cos 5 to dscp 46 qos map dscp 16 to tx-queue 1 qos map dscp 32 to tx-queue 1 qos dbl
Enable Trust boundary (phone, access, uplink/downlink) Enable Priority Queuing where required Modify Queue Admission criteria where required Modify CoS to DSCP and IP Prec to DSCP maps where required Tune TX queue parameters where required
policy-map autoqos-voip-policy class class-default Dbl ! interface GigabitEthernet3/1 qos trust device voip trust qos trust cos tx-queue 3 priority high shape percent 30 service-policy output autoqos-voip-policy
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Catalyst 4500 QoS Summary

Port trust Port Value Service policy
Queue 1
RX
Shared Memory
Classify
Police
DBL
Rewrite info
Queue 2 Queue 3 Queue 4 Sched TX
POLICERS
Dynamic Buffer Limiting, Congestion Avoidance
SHAPING and SHARING Congestion Mgmt
Drop packets Exceed limit Drop packets BEFORE congestion, Before enqueuing the packet
Between queue and physical wire
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References
QoS on Catalyst 4500 IOS Based Supervisor Engines

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/hw/switches/ps4324/product s_regional_sales_promotion09186a008019741c.html
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat4000/12_2_20/index.ht m
Cisco Documentation:
TAC Documents: Policing and Marking with Catalyst IOS Supervisor Engines
http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/473/134.html
Understanding Queuing and Scheduling on the Catalyst 4500 Supervisor Engines

http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/473/137.html
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Cisco Catalyst 4500 Quality of Service

John Bartlomiejczyk jbartlom@cisco.com Gigabit Systems Business Unit

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Cisco Catalyst 4500 IOS Supervisor Options

Catalyst 4500 Series Cisco IOS-Based Supervisors

Optional NetFlow Daughter Card

Optional NetFlow Daughter Card

QoS Technical Update June 2004

Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series Chassis Specs

Catalyst 4506 n/a 6 240+2 10 4 1+1 Sup II and higher

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Is QoS needed in the Campus ?

throw more bandwidth Just

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Anatomy of a Campus Design

Instantaneous Interface Congestion

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Packets that made it through. Rest are dropped Buffers

Example: 100 Mbps Link

Packets from different Applications

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Buffers can congest in LANs QoS required when there is congestion

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Layer 2 and 3 Traffic Classification

QoS Technical Update June 2004

DiffServ Behaviors (RFCs: 2474, 2475, 2597 & 2598)

DiffServ Code Points (DSCP)

Low Drop Pref

Med Drop Pref

High Drop Pref

AF11 AF21 AF31 AF41

AF12 AF22 AF32 AF42

AF13 AF23 AF33 AF43

Class Selector (CS) 4

Catalyst 4500 QoS Capabilities

Cisco IOS-Based Supervisor QoS Flow Summary

Queue 2 Queue 3 Queue 4 Sched TX

In-coming Encapsulation Can be 802.1Q, 802.1p, ISL, or none

Dynamic Buffer Limiting (Supervisor II Plus Supervisor IV Supervisor V ) Congestion Avoidance

Rewrites TOS Field in IP Header and 802.1p/ISL CoS Field

Out-going Encapsulation Can be 802.1Q, 802.1p, ISL, or none

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Example Queue Configuration

Queue 2 important TCP Queue 1 less important TCP Queue 4 video

Multiple queues must share the link

QoS Syntax : Modular QoS CLI

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Modular QoS Configuration Example

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Cisco Catalyst 4500 Architecture

Forwarding Engine (FFE) Shared Memory Fabric (PPE)

Note: Supervisor Engine V Supports 3 Additional Line Card Slots

Catalyst 4000/4500 Linecards

QoS Technical Update June 2004

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved

Stub ASIC Overview