3 WCDMA Handover

WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword

Why mobile systems need handover?

It is decided by the characters of mobile system:

The mobility of UE The mobile system is composed by cells which the coverage ability is limited.
Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic element in QoS.
Page1
Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the basic definitions of Handover The algorithms of handover decision The handover flow The parameters of handover
Page2
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover 2. Measurement of Handover 3. The Basic Handovers
Page3
Contents
Page4
The Purpose of Handover

Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic element in QoS

The load balance: sharing the resource The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high efficiency of using resource
Page5
The Basic Concepts of Handover

Active Set Monitored Set Detected set Radio Link (RL) Radio Link Set (RLS)

maximum ratio combination selection combination The soft handover gain CPICH
Page6
The Categories of Handover

According to the signaling characters

Soft handover (softer handover) Hard handover
According to the properties of source cell and target cell:

Intra-frequency handover Inter-frequency handover Inter-RAT handover (UMTS GSM/GPRS)
According to the purpose of handover:

Based on Coverage Based on Noncoverage
Page7
The Characters of Different Handover

Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:
Item
The number of RLs in active set after handover Interruption during handover The frequencies of cells
Soft Handover
Several One
Hard Handover
No
Yes
Only happened between Intrafrequency cells
Can be happened in Intrafrequency cells or Inter-frequency cells
Page8
The Characters of Different Handover

Comparison between soft handover and softer handover :
Item
UL combination
Soft Handover
Signal combined in RNC by selective combination
Softer Handover
Signal combined in NodeB by maximum ratio combination
DL combination
Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination
Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination
Page9
Soft Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
NodeB 2
Cell A
Cell B
Page10
Softer Handover
RNC
NodeB
Cell A Cell B
Page11
Hard Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
NodeB 2
Cell A
Cell B
Page12
Three Steps of Handover

The following figure shows handover procedure (measurement quality set to PCPICH Ec/No)
Measure the CPICH Ec/N0 of the serving cell and its neighboring cells as well as the relative time difference between the cells
Measurement phase
Measurement
Decision
No Are handover criteria satisfied? Decision phase
Execution
Yes
Perform a handover and update relative parameters
Execution phase
Page13
Contents
Page14
Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report 2.2 Measurement Phase
Page15
Measurement Control
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Measurement Control, normal case
Page16
Measurement Report
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Measurement Control, normal case
Page17
Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report 2.2 Measurement Phase
Page18
Measurement Model
parameters parameters
Layer 1 filtering
Layer 3 filtering
C C'
Evaluation of reporting criteria

A is measurement value at the physical layer B is the measurement value after layer 1 filtering at physical layer. The value goes from the physical layer to high layer C is measurement after processing in the layer3 filter C is another measurement value D is measurement report information sent on the radio interface or Iub interface

Page19
Measurement Quantity
Ec/No

CPICH signal quality
RSCP

CPICH signal level
RSSI

GSM cell signal level
Page20
Measurement Quantity Configuration

IntraFreqMeasQuantity
Parameter name: Intra-frequency measure quantity The default value of this parameter is Ec/No
InterFreqMeasQuantity
Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure quantity The default value of this parameter is Both
MeasQuantityOf3A
Parameter name: 3A Measure Quantity The default value of this parameter is RSCP
Page21
Layer 3 filtering
Fn ! (1 a) Fn 1 a M n
Where:

Fn is the new measurement value after filtering. Fn-1 is the last measurement value after filtering. Mn is the latest measurement value from the physical layer. a = 1/2(k/2) (k is set to Intra-freq meas L3 filter coeff)
Page22
Layer 3 filtering coefficient

FilterCoef
Parameter name: Intra-frequency measurement filter coefficient The default value of this parameter is D3
InterFreqFilterCoef
Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure filter coefficient The default value of this parameter is D3
InterRATFilterCoef
Parameter name: Inter-RAT filter coefficient The default value of this parameter is D3
Page23
Measurement Report Mode

Periodic Report Event Trigger Report Event to Periodic Report
Page24
Contents
Page25
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover 3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover 3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover 3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover 3.5 Blind Handover
Page26
Contents
Page27
Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Characters of Soft Handover

During handover, UE has several RLs with different cells The handover among different cells which are in same RLS can be softer handover
Signals from each RL will be combined in UL and DL.
Page28
Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Advantages

Soft handover gain Decrease the possibility of call drop
Disadvantages

More resource needed in downlink it may cause side-effect
Page29
Measurement of Soft Handover

Measurement quantity

CPICH RSCP CPICH Ec/No
Reporting mode

Periodic reporting Event trigger reporting Event trigger reporting to Periodic reporting
Event type

1A,1B,1C,1D
Page30
Soft Handover Measurement Events

Event 1A Description The PCPICH quality of the cells in the monitored set enters the reporting range . This indicates that the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell . A relative high combined gain can be achieved when the cell is added to the active set 1B The PCPICH quality of the cells in the active set leaves the reporting range. This indicates that quality of a cell is much worse than the quality of the best cell. The cell should not stay in the active set 1C A non-active PCPICH becomes better than an active PCPICH. This indicates that the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell. In addition ,the number of cells in the active set has reached the maximum value. The cell replaces the worst cell in the active set ; thus achieving a higher combined gain 1D Event of the change of the best cell
Page31
The Trigger Algorithm of 1A Event

Event 1A is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM New CIONew
NA u W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1a H 1a / 2), i !1
10 LogM New CIONew
NA W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1a H1a / 2), i !1
Page32
Example of 1A Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set C: The 1A curve
Page33
Key parameters of 1A Event

INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS
Parameter name: CS service 1A event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 6 ( 3dB )
INTRARELTHDFOR1APS
Parameter name: PS service 1A event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 6 ( 3dB )
Page34
Key parameters of 1A Event

HYSTFOR1A
Parameter name: 1A event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 0( 0dB )
TRIGTIME1A
Parameter name: 1A event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms )
Page35
The Trigger Algorithm of 1B Event

Event 1B is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM Old CIOOld
NA e W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1b H 1b / 2), i !1
Page36
Example of 1B Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set C: The 1B curve
Page37
Key parameters of 1B Event

INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS
Parameter name: CS service 1B event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 12 ( 6dB )
INTRARELTHDFOR1BPS
Parameter name: PS service 1B event relative threshold The default value of this parameter is 12 ( 6dB )
Page38

HYSTFOR1B
Parameter name: 1B event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 0( 0dB )
TRIGTIME1B
Parameter name: 1B event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
Page39
The Trigger Algorithm of 1C Event

Event 1C is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM New CIONew u 10 LogM InAS CIOInAS H1c / 2,
Page40
Example of 1C Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the active set C: signal curve of the worst cell in the active set D: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set E: The 1C curve Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page41
Key parameters of 1C Event

HYSTFOR1C
Parameter name: 1C event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 8( 4dB )
TRIGTIME1C
Parameter name: 1C event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
Page42
The Trigger Algorithm of 1D Event

Event 1D is triggered on the basis of the following formula
10 LogM Notbest u 10 LogM Best H1d / 2,
Page43
Example of 1D Event
A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set B: signal curve of a cell in the active set or monitoring set C: Th1D curve
Page44
Key parameters of 1D Event

HYSTFOR1D
Parameter name: 1D event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 8( 4dB )
TRIGTIME1D
Parameter name: 1D event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
Page45
Other key parameters for SHO

Weight
Parameter name: Weighted factor The default value of this parameter is 0
SHOQualmin
Parameter name: Min quality THD for SHO The default value of this parameter is -24(-24 dB)
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Parameter name: Cell offset The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0dB )
Page46
Contents
Page47
Brief Introduction of Intra-Frequency Hard Handover

Characters of Intra-Frequency Hard Handover

During handover, UE has only one RL with one cell Switch off the RL with the original cell, then setup the RL with target cell
The frequency of source cell and target cell are same
Page48
Brief Introduction of Intra-Frequency Handover

Advantages

Enhance the usage efficiency of the OVSF code and hardware
Disadvantages

High call drop possibility because of the intra-frequency interference
Page49
Key parameters of Intra-frequency Hard handover

BEBITRATETHD
Parameter name: BE service handover rate threshold The default value of this parameter is 384k
The Parameters about 1D Event

Time to trigger Hysteresis
Page50
Contents
Page51
Brief Introduction of Inter-Frequency Handover

Characters of Inter-frequency Hard Handover

The frequency of original cell and source cell are different There is only one RL for the UE The compressed mode is needed
Page52
Compressed Mode

Purpose

Measure the inter-frequency cell or Inter-RAT cell under FDD mode
Categories

Downlink compressed mode Uplink compressed mode
Realization Methods

SF/2 Higher layer scheduling
Page53
Measurement of Inter-frequency Handover


CPICH RSCP CPICH Ec/No
Reporting mode

Periodic reporting Event trigger reporting Event trigger reporting to Periodic reporting
Event type

2B,2C,2D,2F
Page54
Inter-frequency Handover Measurement Events

Event 2D Description When the current signal quality is lower than the preset threshold , the UTRAN enables the compressed mode and starts inter-frequency measurement 2F When the current signal quality is higher than the preset threshold, the UTRAN disables the compressed mode and stops inter-frequency measurement 2B When the current signal is lower than the preset threshold and the signal quality of an inter-frequency neighbouring cell is higher than the preset threshold , the UTRAN trigger an inter-frequency handover based on coverage 2C The estimated quality of a inter-frequency neighbor cell is higher than the preset threshold
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page55

Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QUsed e TUsed 2 d H 2 d / 2
Page56
Key parameters of of 2D Event

InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -14 dB
InterFreqPSThd2DEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -14 dB
Page57
Key parameters of of 2D Event

InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -95 dBm
InterFreqPSThd2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -95 dBm
Page58
Key parameters of 2D Event

HYSTFOR2D
Parameter name: 2D event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
TRIGTIME2D
Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms )
Page59
The Trigger Algorithm of 2F Event

Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QUsed u TUsed 2 f H 2 f / 2
Page60
Key parameters of 2F Event

InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
InterFreqPSThd2FEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
Page61

InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
InterFreqPSThd2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
Page62

HYSTFOR2F
Parameter name: 2F event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
TRIGTIME2F
Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D1280 ( 1280ms )
Page63
The Trigger Algorithm of 2B Event

Event 2B is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QNon used u TNon used 2b H 2b / 2
, and
QUsed e TUsed 2b H 2b / 2
Page64

InterFreqCovHOCSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
InterFreqCovHOPSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
Page65

InterFreqCovHOCSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
InterFreqCovHOPSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
Page66

IFHOUsedFreqCSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12dB
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
Page67

IFHOUsedFreqCSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92dBm
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
Page68

HYSTFOR2B
Parameter name: 2B event hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
TRIGTIME2B
Parameter name: 2B event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D0 ( 0ms )
Page69

Event 2C is triggered on the basis of the following formula
QNon used u TNon used 2c H 2c / 2
Page70
Key parameters of 2C Event

InterFreqNCovHOThdEcN0
Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -16 dB
Hystfor2C
Parameter name: 2C hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 6 (3dB)
TrigTime2C
Parameter name: 2C event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 (640ms)
Page71
Contents
Page72
Brief Introduction of Inter-RAT Handover

Characters of Inter-RAT Handover

Based on handover directions, inter-RAT handover is of two types:

UMTS->GSM handover
UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover UMTS->GSM load-based handover UMTS->GSM service-based handover
GSM->UMTS handover
Page73
Brief Introduction of Inter-RAT Handover

Advantages
For coverage, it can solve the problems from one system to another system For capacity, it can enhance the utilizing efficiency of old equipments(2G->3G)
Disadvantages
The flow is complicated, and it demands higher compatibility for equipments Demands more complicated UE
Page74
Measurement of Inter-RAT Handover

CPICH_Ec/N0 CPICH_RSCP BOTH
Reporting mode
PERIODICAL_REPORTING EVENT_TRIGGER
Event type
2D, 2F 3A, 3C
Page75
Inter-RAT Handover Measurement Events

Event 2D Description When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is lower than the preset threshold, the RNC enables the compressed mode and starts inter-RAT measurement. 2F When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is higher than the preset threshold, the RNC disables the compressed mode and stops inter-RAT measurement. 3A When the signal quality of the currently used UMTS frequency is lower than the preset threshold while the signal quality of any other system is higher than the preset threshold, the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on coverage. 3C When the signal quality of any other system is higher than the preset threshold, the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on load or service.
Page76

Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
Q Used e TUsed2d - H 2d / 2
Page77
Key Parameters of 2D Event

INTERRATCSTHD2DECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -14 ( -14 dB )
INTERRATPSTHD2DECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -15 ( -15 dB )
Page78

INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -100 ( -100 dBm )
INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -110 (-110 dBm )
Page79

HYSTFOR2D
Parameter name: 2D hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
TRIGTIME2D
Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D320 (320 ms )
Page80

Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
Q Used u TUsed2f H 2f / 2
Page81
Key Parameters of 2F Event

INTERRATCSTHD2FECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB )
INTERRATPSTHD2FECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB )
Page82

INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm )
INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -107 (-107 dBm )
Page83

HYSTFOR2F
Parameter name: 2F hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
TRIGTIME2F
Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D1280 (1280 ms )
Page84
The Trigger Algorithm of 3A Event

Event 3A is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
Q Used e TUsed3a H 3a / 2
M OtherRat CIOOtherRat u TOtherRat H 3a / 2
Page85
Key Parameters of 3A Event

IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB )
IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDECNO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD The default value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB )
Page86

IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm )
IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDRSCP
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD The default value of this parameter is -107 (-107 dBm )
Page87

INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm )
INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm )
Page88

HYSTFOR3A
Parameter name: 3A hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
TRIGTIME3A
Parameter name: 3A event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D0 ( 0 ms )
Page89

CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Parameter name: Cell individual offset The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB )
Page90

Event 3C is triggered on the basis of the following formula:
M OtherRat CIOOtherRat u TOtherRat H 3c / 2
Page91
Key Parameters of 3C Event

INTERRATNCOVHOCSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 21 ( -90 dBm )
INTERRATNCOVHOPSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD The default value of this parameter is 21 (-90 dBm )
Page92

HYSTFOR3C
Parameter name: 3C hysteresis The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB )
TRIGTIME3C
Parameter name: 3C event trigger delay time The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 650 ms )
Page93

PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO
Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer length The default value of this parameter is 30 ( 30 s )
INTERRATHOATTEMPTS
Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover max attempt times The default value of this parameter is 16
Page94

INTERRATMEASTIME
Parameter name: Inter-RAT measure timer length [s] The default value of this parameter is 60 ( 60 s )
Page95
Contents
Page96
Blind Handover Measurement

Blind handover means UE can directly handover to the neighboring cell without measuring it.
Page97
10 LogM Old e T1 f H 1 f / 2

Where:
MOld is the measurement value of the cell signal that becomes worse T1f is the absolute threshold of event 1F. H1f is the hysteresis value of event 1F.
Page98

Measurement Quantity
Cell 1
1F Trigger Delay Time Absolute Threshold T1f Hysteresis H1f /2
Time
Reporting event 1F
Page99
Key Parameters of Event 1F

INTRAABLTHDFOR1FECNO
Parameter name: 1F event absolute EcNo threshold The recommended value is -24 dB
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FRSCP
Parameter name: 1F event absolute RSCP threshold The recommended value is -115 dBm
Page100
Key Parameters of Event 1F

HYSTFOR1F
Parameter name: 1F hysteresis The recommended value is 8, namely 4 dB
TRIGTIME1F
Parameter name: 1F event trigger delay time The recommended value is D640, namely 640 ms
Page101
Blind Handover Decision

After receiving event 1F of best cell from UE, the RNC would check if blind handover neighbor is configured for the cell.
If multiple blind handover neighbors are configured, the RNC would perform blind handover to the target cell with the highest priority
Page102
Key Parameters of Blind Handover

BLINDHOFLAG
Parameter name: Blind handover flag The default value is FALSE
BLINDHOPRIO
Parameter name: Blind handover Priority The value is set according to actual situation.
Page103
Thank you
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3 WCDMA Handover

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WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Why mobile systems need handover?

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Purpose of Handover

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Basic Concepts of Handover

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Categories of Handover

According to the signaling characters

Soft handover (softer handover) Hard handover

According to the properties of source cell and target cell:

Intra-frequency handover Inter-frequency handover Inter-RAT handover (UMTS GSM/GPRS)

According to the purpose of handover:

Based on Coverage Based on Noncoverage

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Characters of Different Handover

Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:

Only happened between Intrafrequency cells

Can be happened in Intrafrequency cells or Inter-frequency cells

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Characters of Different Handover

Comparison between soft handover and softer handover :

Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination

Signal combined in UE by maximum ratio combination

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Three Steps of Handover

No Are handover criteria satisfied? Decision phase

Perform a handover and update relative parameters

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement Control, normal case

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement Control, normal case

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of reporting criteria

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CPICH signal quality

CPICH signal level

GSM cell signal level

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement Quantity Configuration

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Layer 3 filtering coefficient

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement Report Mode

Periodic Report Event Trigger Report Event to Periodic Report

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Characters of Soft Handover

10 LogM New CIONew

NA u W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1a H 1a / 2), i !1

10 LogM New CIONew

NA W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1a H1a / 2), i !1

10 LogM Old CIOOld

NA e W 10 Log M i (1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R1b H 1b / 2), i !1

10 LogM New CIONew u 10 LogM InAS CIOInAS H1c / 2,

10 LogM Notbest u 10 LogM Best H1d / 2,