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Globalization
Defined What it means to you Why the debate?
Globalization Definition
Globalization can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. (Anthony Giddens, 1990) Globalization can be conceived as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions, expressed in transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and power Globalization, in short, can be thought of as the widening, intensifying, speeding up, and growing impact of world-wide interconnectedness The process by which different parts of the world interact economically, politically, and culturally.
A brief survey
Clicker questions
Outer jacket/ coat country of origin? Write on flip chart Find an American made garment: 2 minutes prize for each one
Big prize
Consider:
Why is there so little American made clothing being worn?
Is it a conscious part of your purchase decision to know where the clothing is made that you wear?
Globalization
Distance, time-space Boundaries are increasingly permeable. Territorial boundaries more or less kept things in and out v territory eroding e Society and culture had spatial references non-physical place
A visual summary
biz/ed 2007
Process of globalization
Expansion of international commerce Rising importance of private capital flows Increasing travel and migration Increased communication and interaction between peoples Technology Communication networks Internet access Growth of economic cooperation trading blocs (EU, NAFTA, etc.) Collapse of communism Movement to free trade
Globalization
Characterized by four types of change. 1. a stretching of social, political and economic activities across frontiers, regions and continents. 2. intensification of interconnectedness and flows of trade, investment, finance, migration, culture, etc. 3. a speeding up of global interactions and processes,
world-wide systems of transport and communication increases the velocity of the diffusion of ideas, goods, information, capital and people
Drivers of globalization
Over the past decade globalization has been driven by technological advances..But globalization has also been driven by policies and ideas Bosworth & Gordon
Growth in trade: World GDP today is nearly 9 times greater than it was at the end of World War II World trade has increased to more than 28 times what it was in 1950
The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Tariff Barriers to International Trade
World Economic Relationships New goods, services spread New processes transmitted Intellectual property introduced
Free Trade cheap goods Corporations Real smart people who invent things Real aggressive people who start large companies Communist Governments like China
Globalization
Continuing poverty: worlds population below $1 a day; over below $2 a day Inequality between rich and poor is rising Environmental concerns and conflict over global governance Open borders and their effects
Proponents
Increased Employment? Lower Wages More Service Jobs Cheaper Goods (like gas? like cars? like food? like textbooks?)
USA Corporate greed Trade imbalance Retirement loss Trade imbalance Loss of small farms Loss of small businesses
Freer trade
pros
Benefits of Trade: Increased choice Greater potential for growth Increase international economies of scale Greater employment opportunities
Cons
Disadvantages of trade: Increase in gap between the rich and the poor Dominance of global trade by the rich, northern hemisphere countries Lack of opportunities for the poor to be able to have access to markets Exploitation of workers and growers
Positive potential
The Solar Economy; Renewable Energy For a Sustainable Global Future. America's ideal of freedom, citizens find the dignity and security of economic independence. Worldwide education and health.
International Example: How Cellphones Are Fueling Economic Development In many developing nations, firms have trouble communicating effectively with customers and employees because postal and telecommunications services are inefficient. World Bank economists have found that business communications flourish once cellular networks have been established. A recent World Bank study further found that adding an extra 10 cellphones per 100 people in a typical developing country raises the nations average annual rate of economic growth by 0.8 percentage point.