NarNarayan Shashtri Institute of Technolody, Jetalpur.

Electronics & Communication

Year:2011-12 Element of Civil Engineering

Glass
Vatsal Dobariya =EC 24 Vrundavan Bhatt =EC 28 Srushti Shah Rachana Shah Shivangi Sevak Yashesh Vyas =EC 22 =EC 35 =EC 31 =EC 62

Introduction Introduction
Glass is a general in contruction.all the way of use. thing in Its too important thing Its too important thing in contruction.
Glass is a general thing in all the way of use.

Types of Glass
1. SODA GLASS 2. HARD GLASS 3. LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS 4. PYREX GLASS 5. OPTICAL GLASS 6. PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS 7. SAFETY GLASS 8. GLASS FIBRES 9. COLOURED GLASS

Soda-lime Glass
Soda-lime glass is the most common (90% of glass made), and least expensive form of glass. It usually contains 60-75% silica, 1218% soda, 5-12% lime. Resistance to high temperatures and sudden changes of temperature are not good and resistance to corrosive chemicals is only fair.

Hard Glass
It is obtained by fusing potassium carbonate & limestone. It is used for making hard glass apparatus. it is more resistant to the action of acids

Lead Crystal Glass

It is made from potassium carbonate, lead oxide & sand. lead glass has high refractive index. It, therefore, sparkles & is used for making expensive glass ware.

The surface of lead glass objects is often cut into decorative patterns to reflect light. Cut glass show extraordinary sparkle.

Pyrex Glass
It is made by fusing a mixture od sand, lime, borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O) & alkali carbonates. It has good chemical laboratory apparatus, ampoules, pharmaceutical containers, et. in home, it is familiar with oven ware.

Optical Glass
It is specially made so as to be free of strains & defects. It is used for making lenses for spectacles, microscopes, cameras, telescopes & other optical instruments.

Photochromic Glass
It is a special variety of glass that temporarily darkens when exposed to bright light. It is, therefore, very useful as a sun-shield.

This automatic darking property of photochromatic glass is because of the presence of silver bromide.

Safety Glass
It is prepared by placing a layer of transparent plastic between the two layers of glass by means of suitable adhesive. The 3 layers are joined together by the action of heat & pressure.

The glass does not break easily under ordinary impact, & that is why is is known as safety glass. It is used in making wind screens of aeroplanes, automobiles, bulletproof glass etc.

Glass Fibers
It is form of fibres, has varied applications in most of the industries. Glass wool is a bundle of loose glass fibres, which is an excellant heat insulator.

It is used as insulating material in refrigerators, ovens etc. Another important class of glass fibre is optical fibres which are extensively used in telecommunication, surgical operation etc. great progress has been made in making optical fibres, which can guide light, & thus transmit images round corners. the fibres are used in endoscopy to examine the internal human organs. they are also made in telecommunications & are much more efficient than copper cables.

Coloured Glass
These are obtained by adding certain colouring material, such as metallic oxides, to the molten mass. different additions may produce differenct coloured glasses.

Painted Glass

Uses of Glasses
Glass are used in many ways in home or others places Such As 1. In the home, 2. As construction material, 3. For decoration, etc

Glass in the home

In the past glass was mainly utilized for windows to allow some air and light in to rooms. Today glass is utilized in the construction of several elements of exterior and interior architecture. Exterior glass architecture includes facades, display windows' skylights, skywalks, entrances, revolving doors, canopies,

,winter gardens and conservatories.

All of which allow homes to be bathed in natural sunlight with gorgeous outdoor views. Interior glass architecture can be used for staircases, elevated walkways and even as traditional walls.

There are some houses in which all of the walls are actually glass. Such high quantities of glass previously compromised other aspects such as the heating and cooling requirements.

Often glass architecture would incur high heating costs in winter and cooling costs in summer. Fortunately such great progress has been made in the glass industry that we now have access a variety of different kinds of glass each with fantastic benefits. One such example is glass with spectrally-selective qualities, which allows light to stream into the house without being harmful or degenerative to occupants and their belongings.