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INTRODUCTION
Linear regulators have one major disadvantage: a large part of the power is dissipated by the regulator rather than delivered to the load. A switching regulator offers improvements in system efficiency by dissipating only small amounts of energy in the regulator. By turning the pass transistor on and off instead of regulating it in a linear fashion, efficiency is improved. 2
Types of SMPS
Switched-mode power supplies can be classified according to the circuit topology. Buck converter (single inductor; output voltage is less than the input voltage) Boost converter (single inductor; output voltage is greater than the input voltage) buck-boost converter (single inductor; output voltage can be more or less than the input voltage) flyback converter (uses output transformer; allows multiple outputs and input-to-output 8 isolation)
BUCK CONVERTER
The operation of the buck converter is fairly simple, with an inductor and two switches (usually a transistor and a diode) that control the inductor. It alternates between connecting the inductor to source voltage to store energy in the inductor and discharging the inductor into the load.
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Vout ! Vin D
cycle !
t on T at buck converter
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voltage
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BOOST CONVERTER
A boost converter (step-up converter) is a power converter with an output dc voltage greater than its input dc voltage. It is a class of (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductor switches and at least one energy storage element. Filters made of inductor and capacitor combinations are often added to a converters output to improve performance.
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Vout
Vin ! (1 D )
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When Q1 is ON
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When Q1 is OFF
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BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER
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Vout
Vin D ! (1 D )
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