Ch05 Food and Humans Part II 2010

Concept map for next topics:
food substances
can be
primary food substances
protective food substances

include
vitamins
minerals
dietary fibre

food substances
can be

include
vitamins
minerals
dietary fibre
Vitamins ?, ?, ? Mineral ions: ?, ?

food substances
can be

include
vitamins
minerals
dietary fibre
Vitamins A, C, D Mineral ions: iron, calcium
Vitamins
Symptom
of scurvy
bleeding gum
The 7 food substances (5) Protective food substances: vitamins A, C and D
In the past, scurvy was common among sailors whose diets were limited to biscuits and salted meat. It was not known until 1753 that lemons and oranges, which were rich in vitamin C, could help prevent the disease.
Discovery of vitamins by British sailors.

7
Bleeding gum a symptom of scurvy
For the deficiency
of vitamin C
What are vitamins? They are:

organic food substances needed in small amounts no energy value help regulate various metabolic reactions Lacking of them leads to vitamin deficiency diseases
9
What are vitamins? They are:

organic food substances needed in small amounts no energy value help regulate various metabolic reactions Lacking of them leads to vitamin deficiency diseases
.
10
Dietary fibre
11
Eating more fruits and vegetables helps to prevent cardiovascular diseases ( ) 12
The 7 food substances (5) Protective food substances: vitamins A and D are only soluble in lipids Vitamin C is water soluble
13
Vitamin A
14
Vitamin A overdose of vitamin A by taking pills too often leads to cirrhosis 2004-10-08 ...
Fish oil pills
is a rich source of vitamin A

15
(Vitamin A and D are only soluble in oil, NOT in water.)
A A A
16
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
Vitamin A (lipidsoluble)
fish oils, green vegetables, carrots
Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)
green vegetables and lemons
-for formation of light-sensitive visual chemical (pigment) in eyes. of -keeps the lining the respiratory tract healthy heals wounds quickly
night blindness
easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy
of
fish-liver oil, cheese, milk, our skin can make it under UV light
enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells
soft teeth and rickets
17
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
fish oils, green vegetables.
-for formation of light-sensitive visual chemical (pigment) in eyes. of -keeps the lining the respiratory tract healthy heals wounds quickly
night blindness
of
18
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
fish oils, green vegetables
-for formation of 1. light-sensitive visual chemical (pigment) in eyes. of -keeps the lining the respiratory tract healthy heals wounds quickly
night blindness
of
19
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
-for formation of 1. for formation of light-sensitive visual visual chemical chemical (pigment) (visual pigment) in eyes. in eyes. of -keeps the lining the respiratory tract healthy heals wounds quickly
night blindness
of
20
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
night blindness ???? easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy of
21
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
night blindness night blindness easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy of
22
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
-for formation of night blindness 2. keeps the lining light-sensitive visual of the respiratory tract chemical (pigment) corneaeyes. in easy infection healthy the lining of the respiratory tract heals quickly wounds scurvy
of
Vitamin green C cornea vegetables (waterand lemons soluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble) fish-liver oil, cheese, milk, our skin can make it under UV light
23
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
-for formation of night blindness 2. keeps the lining light-sensitive visual of the respiratory tract chemical (pigment) corneaeyes. in easy infection healthy the lining of the respiratory tract heals quickly wounds scurvy
of
24
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
-for formation of night blindness 2. keeps the lining of light-sensitive visual of easy infection the respiratory tract the lining of the chemical (pigment) respiratory tract of corneaeyes. in easy infection healthy the lining of the respiratory tract heals quickly wounds scurvy
25
vitamin
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
-for formation of night blindness 2. keeps the lining of light-sensitive visual of easy infection the respiratory tract the lining of the chemical (pigment) respiratory tract of corneaeyes. in easy infection healthy the lining of the respiratory tract heals quickly wounds scurvy
26
High concentration of vitamin A is toxic. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, they are not easily in urine excreted easily accumulated in the body!
27
High concentration of vitamin A is toxic. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, they are not easily excreted in urine easily accumulated in the body!
28
Vitamin C
29
Vitamin C
It cant be stored and daily intake is therefore necessary. It is easily destroyed by oxygen. It is heat-resistant even at boiling. (only heat-destroyed under an alkaline condition)!
30
Vitamin C
It cant be stored and daily intake is therefore necessary. It is easily destroyed by oxygen. It is heat-resistant even at boiling (only heat-destroyed under an alkaline condition)!
31
Vitamin C
vitamin
Vitamin C
food sources functions
deficiency diseases
green vegetables (water- and soluble) kiwi fruit.
32
Vitamin C
vitamin
Vitamin C
deficiency diseases
green vegetables (water- and soluble) kiwi fruit.
33
Vitamin C
It is used for growth and repair of connective tissues, e.g. the connective tissue on blood vessels.
34
Vitamin C
It is used for growth and repair of connective tissues, e.g. the connective tissue on blood vessels.
35
Vitamin C deficiency disease

In the lack of vitamin C, blood vessels break easily, and stomach walls e.g. our gum their blood vessels break and bleeding . This . is called scurvy occurs:
36
Vitamin C deficiency disease

In the lack of vitamin C, blood vessels break easily, and stomach walls. e.g. our gum their blood vessels break and bleeding . This . is called scurvy occurs:
37
Caused by lack of . . . ?
scurvy
=?
38
Vitamin C
vitamin
Vitamin C
food sources functions Builds stronger blood vessels to heal wounds quickly.
deficiency diseases scurvy : (symptom easily bleeding gum )
green vegetables (water- and kiwi soluble) fruit
39
vitamins
food sources
functions
Deficiency diseases
fish-liver oils, green vegetables
-for the formation of light-sensitive visual chemical in eyes of -keeps the lining the respiratory tract healthy
night blindness.
easy infection of the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy
green vegetables and Kiwi fruits fish-liver oil, cheese, milk, our skin can make it under UV light
Builds stronger blood vessels to

heals quickly. wounds
: (symptom easily bleeding gum )

40
What are the differences ? disease symptom =? =?
41
disease { symptom ! Scurvy is the disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin C. Bleeding gum is the symptom of this disease.
42
43
Caused by lack of . . . ?
scurvy
=?
44
Vitamin D
45
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
deficiency diseases
fish-liver oil, cheese, milk, D our skin can (lipidsoluble) make it under UV light.
soft teeth, enhances of rickets absorption calcium and phosphorus from intestine and from blood to bones
46
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
deficiency diseases
fish-liver oil, cheese, milk, D our skin can (lipidsoluble) make it under UV light.
soft teeth, enhances of rickets absorption calcium and phosphorus from intestine and from blood to bones
47
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
deficiency diseases
48
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
deficiency diseases
49
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
food sources functions enhances of absorption calcium and phosphorus from intestine and from blood to bones
deficiency diseases
50
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
food sources functions enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorus from intestine and from blood to bones.
deficiency diseases
51
Lack of vitamin D
Little calcium and phosphate are absorbed from food Normal losses of calcium and phosphate from bones cant be replaced ! in children Disease = rickets
Osteoporosis / easy bone fractures
in adults
52
Lack of vitamin D
Little calcium and phosphate are absorbed from food Normal losses of calcium and phosphate from bones cant be replaced ! ( ) in children Disease = rickets
Osteoporosis / easy bone fractures
in adults
53
Diseases due to deficiency
of vitamin D
Rickets
for a child osteoporosis for old people
54
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
Deficiency diseases soft teeth, rickets (symptoms : curved legs and easy bone ) fractures
Rickets
of a child
55
Vitamin D
vitamin
Vitamin
Deficiency diseases soft teeth, rickets (symptoms : curved legs and easy bone ) fractures
Rickets
of a child
56
vitamins
food sources
functions
deficiency
diseases
fish-liver oils, green vegetables
-for the formation of light-sensitive visual chemical in eyes of -keeps the lining the respiratory tract healthy heals quickly wounds
night blindness.
easy infection of the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy
green vegetables and Kiwi fruits fish-liver oil, cheese, milk, our skin can make it under UV light
Enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells
57
What are the differences ? Vitamin A . . . Vitamin C . . .
58
What are the differences ? Vitamin A and D are not easily excreted in easily accumulated in the body! urine High concentration of vitamin A is toxic. Vitamin C is easily excreted in urine (cant be stored) - you need to intake it daily !
59
minerals
60
The 7 food substances (6) Protective food substances: minerals : calcium and iron
61
What are minerals

inorganic food substances needed in small amounts no energy value
important in regulating metabolism and building bones (calcium).
62
Calcium
63
Calcium
Miner Sources Functions al calcium high calcium milk, cheese, mineral water. Deficiency diseases
64
Calcium
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
Deficiency diseases
65
Calcium
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
Deficiency diseases
. .
66
Calcium
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
- formation of bones and teeth - for blood clotting ( ) and - for muscle contractions
Deficiency diseases
67
Calcium
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
- formation of bones and teeth. - for blood clotting ( ) and - for muscle contractions.
Deficiency diseases
68
69
Calcium is needed for muscle contractions
70
Calcium
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
Deficiency diseases Rickets osteoporosis

and massive bleeding (haemorrhage)
71
Diseases due to deficiency
of vitamin D
Rickets
for a child osteoporosis for old people
72
(a) normal bone
(b) osteoporotic bone

73
osteoporosis
osteo = bones poro = holes sis = process
74
osteoporosis
osteo = bones. poro = holes. sis = process
75
osteoporosis
76
Calcium
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
Deficiency diseases Rickets osteoporosis

and massive bleeding
77
Calcium
Miner Sources Functions al calcium high calcium - formation of milk, bones and teeth cheese, - for blood clotting mineral water ( ) and - for muscle contractions Deficiency diseases rickets, osteoporosis
and massive bleeding
78
When the blood calcium concentration is low, the blood draws calcium out from bones and teeth, causing rickets or osteoporosis.
79
Bone structure
80
Who need more calcium in diets
81
Who need more calcium in diets

Children pregnant women Old women need more calcium. Why?
82
Iron
83
Iron for making haemoglobin
in red blood cells
84
Iron + protein haemoglobin
in red blood cells
85
Function of haemoglobin
Haemoglobin is used for carrying O2 from lungs to tissues Haemoglobin is also used for carrying CO2 from tissues to lungs.
86
Iron
Miner Sources al
iron beef, liver, mineral water.
Functions
Deficiency diseases
87
Iron
Miner Sources al
iron beef, liver, mineral water
Functions
Deficiency diseases
88
Iron
Miner Sources al
iron
Functions
for making haemoglobin in red blood cells (Women having menstruation need extra iron in food to replace the loss in blood )
Deficiency diseases
89
Menstruation in the uterus
90
Iron
Miner Sources al
iron
Functions
Deficiency diseases
91
Iron
Miner Sources al
iron
Functions
Deficiency diseases
Anaemia
92
Symptoms of anaemia Pale face Dizzy Faint
93
Iron
Miner Sources al
iron
Functions
Deficiency diseases
Anaemia
94
Q11.13 Minerals
Miner Sources al
calcium
Functions
- formation of bones and teeth. - for blood clotting ( ) and - for muscle contractions.
Deficiency diseases
Rickets, osteoporosis and massive bleeding
Anaemia
high calcium milk, cheese, mineral water
iron
beef, liver, mineral water
95
Vitamins A, C, D Mineral ions: iron, calcium
96
Compare vitamins with minerals: Both has no energy value. Both regulates metabolism .
Vitamins are organic but minerals are inorganic. Mineral calcium for building bones but vitamins not for building body structures .
97
Compare vitamins with minerals: Both has no energy value. Both regulates metabolism .
Vitamins are organic but minerals are inorganic. Mineral calcium for building bones but vitamins not for building body structures .
98
The 7 food substances (7) dietary fibre (old name = roughage)
99
The 7 food substances (7) dietary fibre (old name = roughage)
100
Function
Stimulates
of dietary fibre
peristalsis ( ) . .
It helps us prevent constipation
Helps getting slim since it gives us the feeling of full eating but it is never absorbed.
101
Function
Stimulates
of dietary fibre
peristalsis ( ) . .
It helps us prevent constipation
Helps getting slim since it gives us the feeling of full eating but it is never absorbed.
102
Peristalsis (
)
food forward in
Peristalsis squeezes
oesophagus , small intestine .

It also squeezes faeces forward in
large intestine
103
Squeezing
along oesophagus A
C
104
Dietary fibre
Dietary fibre
consists mainly of cellulose found in the cell walls of plants cannot be digested or absorbed by humans but it gives bulk / to food
and stimulates peristalsis along our intestine

105
Dietary fibre
consists mainly of cellulose found in the cell walls of plants cannot be digested or absorbed by humans but it gives bulk / to food
and stimulates peristalsis along our intestine

106
Protective food substance dietary fibre

Food
substances
Sources
Functions
Deficiency diseases
dietary fibre
water
Vegetables, fruits, etc.

drinking water, fruits, metabolic water#
to stimulate peristalsis constipation of intestine for pushing food along.

dehydration - as a solvent. - as a medium for metabolic reactions. - as a medium for the transport of substances within the body. 107
Q11.14 Protective food substance dietary fibre
Food
substances
Sources
Functions
Deficiency diseases
dietary fibre
water


The 7 food substances (4) Water
109
Water = health =
110
Water as a primary food substance
Besides from eating and drinking, some
water (metabolic water) is also formed during respiration

#
111
Functions of water = ?
112
Four functions of water as a solvent to dissolves substances as a medium for transport in blood as a medium for chemical reactions to take place for regulating body temperature (for cooling).
113
Four functions of water as a solvent to dissolves substances as a medium for transport in blood as a medium for chemical reactions to take place for regulating body temperature (for cooling).
114
Food
substances
Sources
Functions
Deficiency diseases
dietary fibre
water


Food
substances
Sources
Functions
Deficiency diseases
dietary fibre
water


Three main uses of food for us:
117

Glucose provides us energy and lipids keep us warm
Proteins provides raw materials for our growth and repair of wounds Vitamins and minerals maintains our health and regulates our metabolism
118

Glucose provides us energy and lipids keep us warm
Proteins provides raw materials for our growth and repair of wounds Vitamins and minerals maintains our health and regulates our metabolism
119

Ch05 Food and Humans Part II 2010

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Concept map for next topics:

primary food substances

protective food substances

Concept map for next topics:

primary food substances

protective food substances

Vitamins ?, ?, ? Mineral ions: ?, ?

Concept map for next topics:

primary food substances

protective food substances

Vitamins A, C, D Mineral ions: iron, calcium

The 7 food substances (5) Protective food substances: vitamins A, C and D

Discovery of vitamins by British sailors.

Bleeding gum a symptom of scurvy

For the deficiency

What are vitamins? They are:

What are vitamins? They are:

Eating more fruits and vegetables helps to prevent cardiovascular diseases ( ) 12

Fish oil pills

is a rich source of vitamin A

(Vitamin A and D are only soluble in oil, NOT in water.)

fish oils, green vegetables, carrots

Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)

green vegetables and lemons

easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables.

Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)

green vegetables and lemons

easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)

green vegetables and lemons

easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)

green vegetables and lemons

easy infection the lining of the respiratory tract scurvy

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)

green vegetables and lemons

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

Vitamin C (watersoluble) Vitamin D (lipidsoluble)

green vegetables and lemons

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells

soft teeth and rickets

fish oils, green vegetables

enhances uptake of calcium and phosphorus from blood to cells