Strategies for successful group work: learning styles and leadership styles

Hon 101

Learning style
Most people favor a particular method of processing information. Ancient concept applied in education in the 1970s. 1970s. Teachers should provide opportunities for application of multiple intelligences and different learning styles in their classroom Students should understand their individual strengths and weaknesses Teachers and students need to be aware of the interaction of learning styles in the classroom

Leadership style
Most people have a particular method of interacting with others Ancient concept applied in business in the 1940s 1940s Individuals should understand the strengths and weaknesses of their style of leadership People should understand the advantages and disadvantages of different styles of leadership in different organizational contexts

Four personalities


The concept of 'fourness' is found in many traditions. Carl Jung synthesized and clarified these ideas in 1920s* 1920s* Four basic learning styles
Understanding style - likes to think things through (head) Imaginative Style self-expressive, visionary, developing creative ideas (eye) selfMastery style - action orientated, practical, realistic, remembering (hand) Interpersonal Style - sociable, feeling and relating (heart).

'Star Trek' version:

the hard logic of Spock is the 'thinking style the 'free wheeling' Captain Kirk represents the 'imaginative style'; the 'hands on' engineer Scotty represents the 'practical style'; caring Dr Bones the 'feeling style'.

'Seinfeld version:
Jerry's obsession with analyzing everything ( thinking style); Kramer's 'off the wall' plans ( the imaginative style); George's procedural rigidity (the realistic 'practical style'); Elaine's burning need to loved ( the 'interpersonal feeling style').

* C.J. Jung (1921) Psychological types. (1921)

Three senses


Three dominant styles of learning

Visual Learners (learn through (learn seeing)


Think in pictures and learn best from visual displays including: diagrams, illustrated text books, overhead transparencies, videos, flipcharts and handhandouts. Take detailed notes to absorb the information. Think in words and learn best through lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say. Benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape recorder. Think through action and learn best through a handshands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world around them. Benefit from actively exploring and applying knowledge.

Auditory Learners (learn through listening) (learn



Tactile Learners (learn through doing) (learn



Learning styles inventory

http://www.learning-styles-online.com/inventory/ http://www.learning-styles-

Index of Learning Styles



Barbara A. Soloman and Richard M. Felder

Learning Styles Results

Results for: Jon Goss

ACT 11 9 7 5 3

X 1 1 <-- -->

REF 3 5 7 9 11

SEN 11 9 7 5 3 1 1 <-- --> 3

X 5

INT 7 9 11

VIS 11

X 9

VRB 7 5 3 1 1 <-- --> 3 5 7 9 11

SEQ 11 9 7 5 3 1 1 <-- -->

X 3

GLO 5 7 9 11

http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html

Leadership

 Leadership

is influencing people -- by providing purpose, direction, and motivation -- while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization

Leadership Compass


Native American Medicine Wheel or Four Fold Way Warrior

Teacher

Visionary

Healer

Human resources
 Warrior

(power)

 Healer

(love) (wisdom) (vision)

 Teacher

 Visionary

What is your direction?

 Whats

your first inclination when you are assigned a group project?  What is your work style?  How do you respond under pressure?

How effective is your direction?

 What

is good about your direction?  How do you make a vital contribution to the group?  What is hard about your direction?  What difficulties do you have with those coming from other directions?  What happens if you take your direction to the extreme?

Kurt Lewins leadership styles



Identifies three different styles of leadership based on decisiondecisionmaking experiments in 1939 Autocratic
decision is made without consultation Works best where there is no need for input; where the motivation of people is not affected by lack of involvement in decision-making. decision-

Democratic
Decision is made following consultation though leader may have final say Works best when there is a small range of opinions and a clear way of reaching an equitable final decision.

Delegation
Decision is made by others though leader may still be responsible for the outcome. Works best when people are capable and motivated, and there is no need for centralized coordination
Learn your leadership style at: http://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/blhttp://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/blleadershipquiz.htm?questnum=2&aa=2850&bb=1901&cc=2376&dd=3325 leadershipquiz.htm?questnum=2&aa=2850&bb=1901&cc=2376&dd=3325

Leadership styles

Leadership styles


A more complete listing:

Autocratic leadership Bureaucratic leadership Charismatic leadership Democratic leadership Laissez-faire leadership Laissez People-oriented leadership People Servant leadership Task-oriented leadership Task Transactional leadership Transformational leadership

Myers and Briggs

 Katharine

Cook Briggs and Isabel Myers Briggs developed MBTI in 1942

Whatever the circumstances of your life, the understanding of type can make your perceptions clearer, your judgments sounder, and your life closer to your hearts desires (Isabel Myers Briggs)

Four preferences
    

Two kinds of mental processes: Perception: Sensing versus iNtuition iN Judgment: Thinking versus Feeling Two kinds of mental orientations Energy: Extraversion versus Introversion Outer world orientation: Judging versus Perceiving

    

Primary and secondary dimensions

Sixteen Quadrants

Myers and Briggs (MBTI)



Extraverted Feeling (Jung), or Coach

People-oriented, motivator, builds personal relationships. People-

Introverted Feeling (Jung), or Campaigner

Value-driven, has passion for key issues, focuses on important themes, champions the cause. Value-

Extraverted Intuition (Jung), or Explorer

Tries things that are new, prototypes, introduces change, looks for unexpected outcomes, creates new opportunities, experiments.

Introverted Intuition (Jung), or Innovator

Develops long term vision, produces radical ideas, foresees the future, anticipates what is outside current knowledge

Extraverted Sensing (Jung), or Sculptor

Takes action, produces results, leads from the front, sets an example, does what is asked of others.

Introverted Sensing (Jung), or Curator

Observes, listens, clarifies goals, establishes realistic expectations, makes aims crystal clear.

Extraverted Thinking (Jung), or Conductor

Organizes, makes plans, sets measurable goals, coordinates work of different people.

Introverted Thinking (Jung), or Scientist

Analyses, uses models, produces explanations, compares other situations, engages in intellectual debate.

A caveat
academic psychologists criticize personality indicators because it lacks convincing validity  This may be an example of the Forer effect (which also applies to horoscopes!)
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