Leadership

Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing. Warren Bennis, Ph.D. "On Becoming a Leader"

CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP
Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing. 'Leadership is all about courage to dream big. Leadership is a complex process by which a person influences others to accomplish a mission, task, or objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent Leadership makes people want to achieve high goals and objectives,while, on the other hand, bosses tell people to accomplish a task or objective. Leadership can be used for good or ill

Definition
According to Koontz and o Donnell it is the art of including the subordinates to accomplish their assignments with zeal and confidence. Zeal reflects ardour, earnestness and intensity in execution of work; confidence reflects experience and technical ability.

Nature
Leadership cannot exist without followers. Both leader and followers must be working parties in process of leadership It aims at achievement of certain objectives. Followers willingly accept leadership. Leadership is an influence process. Leadership is a function of leader, follower and situation. It is a continuous process. It is psychological process.

Features
Co existence with fellowship Responsibility Understanding nature Precedence Situation

Co-existence with follower ship :

a leader cannot exist without followers. A leader exercises authority over the group, and it should be willingly accepted by his followers. Leadership is not conferred or ordered but is one to be earned.

Responsibility

a leader is expected to assume full responsibility in all situation. he must steer the group clear of all the difficulties. he has to assume responsibility for all actions of the group.

Understanding nature
important characteristic feature of leadership is its nature to understand its feelings and problems of the group as a whole as well as the individuals. guide a leader is looked upon as a friend and philospher. a leader should strive to satisfy the personal and social needs of his followers,which is very much expected by them.

Precedence
Since the leader influences the behavior and the activities of the followers he should be endowed with the technical competence and personality traits. He should also be well aware of his own preferences and limitations to win and impress upon his followers.

Situation
Leadership patterns changes according to the type of group and the situation in which the group is operating. A leader should know on the role to be adopted on different situations .

Types of Followers
Alienated Followers Conformist Followers Passive Followers Effective Followers Pragmatic followers

Difference between a leader and Manager

Management It creates superior subordinate relationship It is in context of organizational setup It needs formal authority. Manger performs four imp. functions He must have leadership qualities in order to perform his functions In management people follow a manager because of organizational system. Leadership It creates leadership leader relationship. It does not require organizational setup. It does not need formal authority His main function is leading Leader need not to be a manager. People follow the leader by their own will.

IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
1.Initiates action 2.Motivation 3.Providing guidance 4.Creating confidence 5.Building morale 6.Builds work environment 7.Co-ordination

Initiates action

Leader communicates the policies and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts.

Motivation
A leader motivates the employees with economic and non- economic rewards and thereby gets the work from the subordinates.

Providing guidance
A leader guides by instructing the subordinates the way they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.

Crating Confidence
Confidence is an important factor which can be achieved through expressing the work efforts to the subordinates,explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively.It is also important to hear the employees with regards to their complaints and problems.

Building morale
A leader can be a morale booster by achieving full co-operation so that they perform with best of their abilities as they work to achieve goals.

Builds work environment

Management is getting things done from people. An efficient work environment helps in sound and stable growth. He should listen to his subordinates problems and solve them. He should treat employees on humanitarian terms.

Co ordination
Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling personal interests with organizational goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and effective coordination which should be primary motive of a leader.

Impact of leadership on an organization

Leadership and human behaviour Leadership and communication Leadership and motivation

Leadership and human behaviour

Human nature is the comman. qualities of all people have similar needs .A leader must understand these needs because they are powerful motivators.

Leadership and communication

Communication is very important because a leader coach,coordinate, counsel, evaluate, and supervise through this process.

Leadership and motivation

A person's motivation is a combination of desire and energy directed at achieving a goal.

Myths about leadership

Leaders are born or leaders are made People with high position is the leader. The only school you learn leadership from is the school of hard work

Leadership styles
Leadership styles refer to a leaders behaviour. It is the result of the philosophy, personality and experience of the leader.

Kurt Lewin Leadership styles

Autocratic Democratic Laissez Faire Functional Institutional Paternalistic

Autocratic leader
An Autocratic leader will not entertain any suggestions and initiative from subordinates. . Under this type of leadership, one person decides for the whole group. An autocratic leader does not trust anyone.

 Merits: It helps to make quick decisions. Inefficient and insincere workers can easily be identified. Demerits: It kills initiatives for work and results in frustration among workers. It often gives scope for conflicts between the leader and his followers .

Continue..
Participative or Democratic Leader: A democratic leader can win the cooperation of of his group and can motivate them effectively and his group and can motivate them effectively and positively. Merits The decision finally made is mutually accepted. It improves the job attitudes of the sub-ordinates . Demerits this leadership is suitable only if the subordinates are all capable of makings worthwhile suggestions. It may, sometimes be very difficult to evolve a solution that is acceptable to everyone.

 Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leader: A free rein leader will leave the group entirely to itself such as a leader allows maximum freedom to subordinates. Merits The superior subordinate relationship is found to be very good. Highly efficient subordinates, can make use of freedom given to them to excel. Demerits Control may become difficult As the leader does not involve himself at all in the activities.. The subordinates are deprived of the expert advice and moral support of their leader.

Functional Leader
A functional leader is one who is an expert in a particular field of activity. . Such a leader always thinks of the task he has undertaken and spends most of his time finding out ways and means of doing it better. Merits The very presence of an expert is beneficial to the followers and the organisation. the subordinates can certainly enrich their job the subordinates can certainly enrich their job knowledge and skill..

 Institutional Leader: An institutional leader is one who has become a leader by virtue of his official position in the organisational hierarchy.An institutional leader may not be an expert in his field of activity. Merits He has official authority to act. He may initiate action against a subordinate who is shirking duties.

 Demerits He will not be in a position to offer proper guidance to his followers because he may not be an expert in his field of activity. Although the leader has the official right to demand performance from his follower, he may not have the moral right may not have the moral right.

 Paternalistic Leader: A paternalistic leader takes care of his followers in the way the head of the family takes care of family members Merits He assumes a paternal role to protect his sub-ordinates. He is always ready to provide the necessary physical amenities to the sub-ordinates physical amenities to the sub-ordinates. Demerits He is not in a position to offer intellectual help to his followers.

 Demerits The functional leader will not be able to go down to the level of an average worker and offer any help.. Misunderstandings may also arise, between the leader and his followers.

General personality traits of leader

Self confidence Humility Trustworthiness Sense of humor Authencity Enthusiasm Assertiveness Extraversion