TRANSLATION 2

Lecturer: Nguyen Van Tuan

There is an old saying in Finland: If one is happy, one must be silent. This helps explain why when the rest of Europe heads for the sea, the Finns holiday in contemplative solitude, preferably by a lake. A quarter of the population own a country cottage used in both summer and winter. There is an almost mystical bonding between the Finns and what they call the nature , a relationship which blends spiritual values with more earthy pleasures. Finland was an entirely agrarian economy until the 1950s. Many summer retreats are farmhouses that have been handed down by the families whose breadwinners now live in the city. Ideally, the cottage will be on the water s edge, surrounded by quiet forest. It will have an open fireplace, a poetic verandah, a pier, a boat, an inevitable sauna and a vegetable patch. Most are rough hewn but cozy, with unpolished wood. Water might be welldrawn; there is electricity, but candlelight is preferred. The fewer concessions to modernity, the better.

1. WATER THAT GOES WITH SPIRIT

old saying : ng n ng heads for : x v the Finns: ng i Ph n Lan to holiday: i ngh solitude: s c n contemplative: chim nghi m, th h n preferably: thch h n country cottage: nh ngh mi n qu mystical bonding: m i lin k t huy n b to blend: pha tr n, ha quy n earthy pleasure: th vui tr n t c, l c th i th ng argrarian economy: n n kinh t nng nghi p summer retreat: n i ngh ma h farmhouse: nng tr i to be handed down: c giao l i

breadwinner: ch nhn, ng i tr c t Ideally: l t ng Edge: mp, ra, b To be surrounded by/with: c bao b c Fireplace: l s i Poetic verandah: mi hin th m ng Pier: c t neo thuy n Inevitable: khng th thi u c Sauna: phng t m h i Vegetable patch: v n rau nh To be rough hewn: c g t o s si Cosy/cozy: m cng Unpolished wood: g th To be well-drawn: kh c h a p Candlelight: nh n n To prefer: thch h n Concession: gi m b t

TH H N CNG SNG N C Ng n ng Ph n Lan c cu: Im l ng l nh cao c a h nh phc. i u ny gip gi i thch t i sao trong khi c Chu u x v bi n ngh th dn Ph n Lan l i thch ngh bn h h n th h n vo th gi i ring c a mnh. M t ph n t dn s Ph n Lan c nh ngh mi n qu s d ng cho c ma ng l n ma h. D ng nh c m i lin k t huy n b gi a ng i Ph n Lan v ci h g i l thin nhin, m i quan h gi a gi tr tinh th n v i l c th i th ng. Mi cho n th p nin 1950, Ph n Lan ch y u s ng nh vo nng nghi p. Nhi u nh ngh ma h l cc trang tr i c cc gia nh c ch nhn s ng thnh ph giao l i. Ngi nh ngh l t ng ph i soi mnh xu ng m t h , gi a khu rng yn t nh. Ngi nh ph i c m t l s i, m t mi hin th m ng, m t con thuy n, m t b n v khng th thi u m t phng t m h i v m t v n rau nh . M i th y c g t o s si b ng m t lo i g th nh ng t o c m gic m cng. M c d c i n nh ng ng i ta v n chu ng n n n h n v d i nh n n lung linh, m t n c tr nn k o h n. Cng t rng bu c v i hi n i cng t t.

2. DANGERS SAID TO EXCEED BENEFITS The anti-nuclear movement, with its slogans of Keep Uranium in the Ground and Go Solar not Nuclear, strongly developed the theme that the problems associated with the development of the nuclear power outweighed any possible benefits. Anti-nuclear scientists such as Dr. RB Temple, former head of the Chemistry Section of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, and George Wald, a Nobel Prize-winning professor of biology at Havard University, claimed that nuclear advocates were underplaying the risks. They dissented from the view of Dr. Edward Teller, a prominent nuclear scientist and father of H-bomb, who said: Nuclear is not a Faustian Bargain. With nuclear power, Dr. Temple warned, man now has the capability of making the world uninhabitable. They strongly questioned assurances given about all phases of the nuclear cycle. They raised as to whether the nuclear industry was realistically assessing the risk of reactor accidents, citing the Browns Ferry nuclear plant incident in the United States in 1975.

- danger: s nguy hi m - to exceed: v t qu - anti-nuclear movement: phng tro ch ng h t nhn - slogan: kh u hi u - ground: m t t - go solar: dng n ng l ng m t tr i - strongly develop the theme: nh n m nh - to be associated with: c lin quan t i - nuclear power: n ng l ng h t nhn - outweigh: v t qu - benefit: l i ch - former head: c u ch t ch

- chemistry section: ngnh ha - Australian Atomic Energy Commission: y ban n ng l ng nguyn t c - Nobel Prize: gi i N Ben - to claim: tuyn b - advocate: ng i ng h - to underplay: xem nh - risk: s r i ro - to dissent from: ph n i - prominent: t m c , n i ti ng - Father of H-bomb: cha c a bom H/khinh kh - uninhabitable: khng th s ng c - to cite : vi n d n, trch d n

V i kh u hi u: Hy uranium n m nguyn trong lng t v S d ng n ng l ng m t tr i thay cho n ng l ng nguyn t , phong tro ch ng h t nhn nh n m nh r ng h u qu khn l ng i km v i s pht tri n n ng l ng h t nhn l n h n nhi u so v i nh ng l i ch m s pht tri n mang l i. Cc nh khoa h c ch ng h t nhn nh TS Temple, c u ch t ch ngnh ha c a y ban n ng l ng h t nhn c v G Wald, GS sinh h c t i tr ng H Havard tuyn b r ng nh ng ng i ng h h t nhn ang a v i l a. H ph n i quan i m c a TS Teller, m t nh khoa hoc h t nhn t m c v l cha c a bom khinh kh. ng ni H t nhn khng ph i l c ng gi v i c qu . TS Temple c nh bo: Ngy nay, b ng n ng l ng h t nhn, con ng i c th bi n th gi i thanh t a. H hoi nghi v s an ton c a t t c cc giai o n c a chu k h t nhn. B ng cch vi n d n s c c a nh my h t nhn Brown Ferry M x y ra vo n m 1975, h nu ln l li u ngnh cng nghi p h t nhn c nh gi ung nguy c c a tai n n c a l ph n ng h t nhn hay khng.

L IB TC PH I

3. S li u chnh th c cho th y ch c 13% h c sinh trung h c hi n nay t t nghi p v i m t ng ai ng - so v i h n 40% c a th p nin 1960. Ng i ta quan ng i nh ng nh c i m ny c th lm c cch ly kh i cc i tc chu v t o ra v n cho th ng m i, ng ai giao v an ninh. Nh ng h c gi khc lo ng i vi c o t o v d y ngn ng c i h c v tr ng ph thng sa st t th p nin 1980. Khi , chnh ph c c bi t ch tr ng t i nghin c u chu v h mu n c quan h g n h n v i khu v c. Khi s c m nh kinh t th gi i chuy n sang cc kh i m i n i trong c chu , kho ng cch ngn ng c a c c th b l di n. Pippa McCowage, m t sinh vin kinh t 22 tu i t Sydney, tin r ng nhi u thanh nin c khng nhi t tnh v i ng ai ng .

s li u chnh th c : Official figures cho th y: show/indicate/demonstrate t t nghi p v i m t ng ai ng : graduate with a foreign language so v i : compared with nh ng nh c i m : deficiencies cch ly kh i cc i tc: isolate sb/sth from his/its partners t o ra v n cho th ng m i, ngo i giao: pose problems for trade, diplomacy h c gi : academic/scholar

vi c o t o v d y ngn ng : language training and teaching sa st: be eroded c bi t ch tr ng t i: give special attention to mu n c quan h g n h n : seek to establish closer ties with s c m nh kinh t th gi i: the world's economic power kh i m i n i: emerging bloc kho ng cch ngn ng : language gap b l di n: be exposed khng nhi t tnh v i ng ai ng : have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages

3. Official figures show that only 13% of high-school students now graduate with a foreign language compared with more than 40% in the 1960s. There are concerns that these deficiencies could isolate Australia from its partners in Asia and pose problems for trade, diplomacy and security. Other academics worry that language training and teaching in both universities and schools has been eroded since the 1980s. Then the Australian government gave special attention to Asian studies as it sought to establish closer ties with the region. As the world's economic power shifts to emerging blocs including Asia, Australia's language gap could be exposed. Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old economics student from Sydney, believes that many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages.

B GD & T cho bi t Vi t Nam c k ho ch tri n khai ch ng trnh gi ng d y song ng m t s mn h c b c i h c v xy d ng hai i h c t m c qu c t t tiu chu n ngang t m cc i h c khc trong vng v trn th gi i. Vi c thnh l p hai tr ng i h c t m c qu c t l m t trong 33 k ho ch hnh ng c a B GD & T nh m th c hi n lu t gio d c c a Qu c h i.
4.

GD & T :the Ministry of Education and Training - tri n khai : implement/carry out - ch ng trnh gi ng d y : curriculum - song ng : bilingual - t m c qu c t : international-level - t tiu chu n : at the standard - Vi c thnh l p: establishment - k ho ch hnh ng: action plan - Qu c h i: the National Assembly

-B

4. According to the Ministry of Education and Training, Vietnam is planning to implement bilingual curriculum in some tertiary subjects and build two international-level universities which will be at the same standards at other universities in the region and the world. The establishment of the two internationallevel universities is one of 33 action plans devised by Ministry of Education and Training in efforts to implement the National Assembly s education laws.

5. Ch hai thng n a, sau l khai m c di ba gi r i ng h nh m a tinh ty v n ha Trung Qu c n v i th gi i, Th V n h i B c Kinh s xu t hi n trn truy n hnh v tin t c m i chu l c. Cc nh lnh o Trung Qu c m v kho nh kh c ny t t nh t 15 n m qua. R rng y l giy pht n m ng, khi m t t n c trong ph n l n th i gian th k 20 ph i ch u n i chi n, n n i, v s khp kn, nay tr nn giu c v n nh b t u th k m i v i s t tin nh th . Tuy v y nhi u n c c ng s quan st v i s b t an. V i nh ng lng gi ng nh Nh t B n hay n , s ph c sinh c a c ng qu c kinh t , chnh tr Trung Qu c c ng ng th i l thch th c, c bi t i v i ti nguyn n ng l ng.

Ch hai thng n a: In just two months' time l khai m c di ba gi r i ng h : a three-and-ahalf hour opening ceremony a tinh ty v n ha Trung Qu c n v i th gi i: spread the essence of Chinese culture to the world Th V n h i B c Kinh: the Beijing Olympics m i chu l c: across every continent m v kho nh kh c: dream of this moment giy pht n m ng: a moment for celebration ph n l n th i gian th k 20: for large parts of the 20th century

ph i ch u: suffer from n i chi n, n n i, v s khp kn: civil wars, famines, introversion n nh: stable t tin: confidence quan st v i s b t an: watch with unease s ph c sinh: revival c ng qu c kinh t , chnh tr : an economic and political power thch th c: challenge ti nguyn n ng l ng: energy resources

In just two months' time, after a threeand-a-half hour opening ceremony designed to spread the essence of Chinese culture to the world, the Beijing Olympics will appear on TV programmes and news reports across every continent. China's leaders have been dreaming of this moment for at least 15 years. Clearly it is a moment for celebration that/when a country which for large parts of the 20th century suffered from civil war, famines, introversion, is now wealthy and stable to begin the new century with such confidence. Yet many countries will also be watching with unease. For neighbours like Japan or India, China's revival as an economic and political power is also a challenge, especially over energy resources.

6.Truy n thng Th y i n loan tin nh o di n i n nh huy n tho i c a n c ny, Ingmar Bergman, qua i tu i 89. ng l m t trong nh ng tn tu i l ng l y nh t c a i n nh hi n i. Nh o di n Th y i n k t hn n m l n, v ng i v g n y nh t c a ng l Ingrid von Rosen. ng c tm ng i con, trong c m t thi u n ch bi t c l con c a nh o di n khi tu i 22. Tc ph m c a Bergman th ng c p nh ng c ng th ng v ch ng.

truy n thng Th y i n: Swedish news agency nh o di n i n nh huy n tho i: legendary filmdirector tu i : at the age of/aged tn tu i l ng l y: key figure k t hn : be/get married to sb g n y: recent/recently c 8 ng i con: have/father 8 children tc ph m: work c p: mention/explore c ng th ng v ch ng: tensions between married couples

The legendary film-diector Ingmar Bergman has died aged 89, according to a Swedish news agency. He was one of the key figures in modern cinema. The director was married five times, most recently to Ingrid von Rosen. He fathered eight children, including one who only found out she was his daughter at the age of 22. Unsurprisingly, his works often explored the tensions between married couples.

7. Nng l m t trang tuy t s c nh ng

t i nh m nh nh m l n nn t nng vo m t gia nh s ng v ngh cng ch c. Khng c a h i mn, khng t ng lai, khng hy v ng c k giu sang bi t n nng, hi u nng, yu nng v c i nng lm v , nn nng nh ch p nh n xe duyn v i m t th y gio ngho. Nng n m c gi n d nh ng nng l i b t h nh ch ng khc no b li kh i t ng l p v n cao qu c a mnh, b i l n b v n khng c a v cao, ch c nhan s c, ci duyn v s c quy n r l ng vai tr quan tr ng trong cu c i.

t s c : a beautiful and charming girl - nh m nh nh m l n : by a slip of fate - t nng vo : be born into - ngh cng ch c: governmental employee - c a h i mn : dowry/wedding gift - k giu sang : rich and distinguished man - c i : to wed/to marry somebody - nh ch p nh n xe duyn: to let oneself be married to somebody - n m c gi n d : to get/be plainly-dressed - b t h nh: be unhappy - b li kh i: to fall from/ be pulled from - t ng l p cao qu: high rank/position - ci duyn: grace - s c quy n r : charm - ng vai tr quan tr ng: to play an important role/part

- trang tuy

She was a beautiful and charming girl who was born, as if by a slip of fate, into a family of governmental employees . She had no dowry, no expectations/future, no hope of being known, understood, loved and married/wedded by any rich and distinguished man; therefore, she let herself be married to a poor teacher. She was plainly-dressed, but she was unhappy as if she had really fallen from a higher position/rank, since/because women have no caste. Only beauty, grace and charm play an important role in their lives.

n nh chnh tr x h i, pht tri n kinh t v quan h ngo i giao trong nh ng n m g n y. Nh ng thay i tch c c c a lu t php nh h ng khng nh n tnh hnh s n xu t, ti chnh v th ng m i. Nh nng nghi p thch ng v i th tr ng t do nn Vi t Nam c x p l n c xu t kh u g o l n th hai trn th gi i sau Thi Lan. T i Thnh ph H Ch Minh v vng ph c n nh ng ho t ng d ch v v s n xu t pht tri n v thay i nhanh chng. Kinh t pht tri n m nh m t ph n nh vo ngu n u t v n v cng ngh c a g n 2 tri u Vi t Ki u cc n c trn th gi i. a s h quay tr v Vi t Nam u t v lin l c v i b con.

8. Vi t Nam n l c duy tr s

n l c: make every effort/try hard/seek (to do something) -s n nh chnh tr x h i:socio-politic stability/control - pht tri n kinh t v quan h ngo i giao: develop economic and diplomatic establishment - thay i tch c c: positive change - thch ng: respond to/ be adapted to c x p: rank - n c xu t kh u g o l n th hai trn th gi i: the world s second-largest rice exporter - vng ph c n: in the neighbourhood/vicinity - ho t ng d ch v v s n xu t: manufacturing/production and service activities -ngu n u t v n: an influx of investment

Vietnam has sought to maintain socio-politic stability, develop economic and diplomatic establishment in recent years. The positive legal changes have had a tremendous influence on the production, financial and commercial situations. Vietnam ranked as the worlds second-largest rice exporter to Thailand because its agriculture responded dramatically to free market. In manufacturing and service activities the rapid growth and change occurred in and around HCM City. Much economic expansion was partially driven by an influx of investment and technology from some 2 million overseas Vietnamese in many different countries worldwide, most of whom had returned to Vietnam for their investment and contacts with their relatives.

9.

i v i du khch, ng b ng sng C u Long l m t trong nh ng a ch tham quan p nh t ng Nam , mang l i ci k o c a vng sng n c lung linh v m t n n v n ho vui t i th hi n qua cch sinh ho t c a dn a ph ng cng ho t ng th ng m i. Trong khi nh ng thnh ph l n nh C n Th , M Tho, Long Xuyn l p thnh th v ng cho cc t nh c a ng b ng sng C u Long th m ng l i knh r ch mnh mng l i l ci duyn c m t khng hai c a vng ny. Sinh ho t vui nh n c a vng ny khng gi ng m y v i cch sinh ho t c a Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Tuy nhin i u khng c ngh a l ph i kh kh n l m m i t i c ng b ng sng C u Long thot kh i ci n o no nhi t c a thnh ph l n nh t Mi n Nam ny.

- ng b ng sng C u Long : the Mekong Delta - a ch tham quan p: fascinating tourist destination - mang l i: to offer, to bring - ci k o: marvel - vng sng n c lung linh: glittering waters - n n v n ho vui t i: the gaiety of a culture - th hi n: to be demonstrated/performed by - cch sinh ho t c a dn a ph ng : local lifestyle - ho t ng th ng m i : commercial activity - l p thnh th v ng : to provide a vantage

- m ng l i knh r ch mnh mng: the vast/immense network of rivers and canals - ci duyn : great boon - c m t khng hai: second to none - sinh ho t vui nh n : exciting life - khng gi ng m y: be not very similar to - i u khng c ngh a l ph i kh kh n l m: It does not suggest any difficulty in -t i c : to reach/ to get to - thot kh i : to escape/ to avoid - ci n o no nhi t: excitement

For tourists, the Mekong Delta is one of the most fascinating tourist destinations in Southeast Asia. It offers the marvel of the glittering waters coupled with the gaiety of a culture demonstrated by the local lifestyle and commercial activities. While the big cities such as Can Tho, My Tho and Long Xuyen provide a vantage for the nine provinces of the Mekong Delta, the immense network of rivers and canals is regarded as the great boon second to none in this region. The exciting life in this region is not very similar to that in HCM City. However, it does not suggest any difficulty in reaching the Mekong Delta to escape the excitement of the greatest city in Southern Vietnam.

10. China has completed construction of the main wall

of the Three Gorges Dam - the world's largest hydroelectric project. The controversial dam in central Hubei province will not be fully operational until 2009, once all its generators are installed. China says it will provide electricity for its booming economy and help control flooding on the Yangtze River. Critics say over a million people were moved from the area, and the reservoir behind the dam is already polluted. On Saturday, builders poured the last amount of concrete to complete the construction of the 185m high, 2,309m long wall. A senior Chinese official said the event marked a "landmark progress" in the dam's construction, the state-run Xinhua news agency reported. When its 26 turbines become operational in 2009, the dam will have a capacity of more than 18,000 megawatts. Already the world's second-largest consumer of oil, China says it needs alternative energy sources to combat widespread power shortages.

- to complete construction : hon t t vi c xy d ng

- Three Gorges Dam : p Tam H p - hydro-electric project: d n th y i n - controversial dam : p gy nhi u tranh ci - Hubei province: t nh V Hn - be fully operational : i vo ho t ng hon ton - generator: my pht i n - booming economy: n n kinh t ang pht tri n nhanh - to help control flooding : i u ti t l - Yangtze River : Sng D ng T - to be moved from the area: di d i kh i vng - reservoir : h ch a - to pour the concrete : b tng senior official: quan ch c c p cao - mark a "landmark progress: nh d u 1 b c ti n b ng k - state-run Xinhua news agency : Hng tin Tn Hoa X - become operational : i vo ho t ng - to have capacity: c s n l ng - consumer of oil : n c tiu th d u - alternative energy sources : ngu n n ng l ng thay th - combat widespread power shortages : gi i quy t vi c thi u i n trn lan

Trung qu c hon t t vi c xy d ng ph n t ng chnh cho p Tam H p, d n th y i n l n nh t th gi i. Con p gy nhi u tranh ci t i t nh V Hn n n m 2009 m i i vo ho t ng hon ton sau khi ng i ta l p t cc my pht i n. Trung qu c cho r ng cng trnh th y i n ny s c p i n cho n n kinh t ang pht tri n nhanh c a mnh v i u ti t l trn sng D ng T . Cc nh ph bnh th ni r ng h n m t tri u ng i ph i di d i ra kh i khu v c v h ch a n c b nhi m sau con p. Ngy th b y, th xy p l ng b tng cu i cng hon t t vi c xy d ng b c t ng cao 185 mt v di 2.309 mt cho p Tam H p. M t quan ch c cao c p c a Trung qu c ni r ng s ki n ny nh d u "b c ti n b ng ch " trong qu trnh xy d ng p, hng tin Tn Hoa X a tin. Khi 26 tu c-bin i vo ho t ng hon ton vo n m 2009, p Tam H p s c s n l ng trn 18.000 megawat. Trung qu c l n c tiu th nhi u d u l n th hai th gi i, n c ny ni r ng c n c thm cc ngu n n ng l ng thay th i ph v i tnh tr ng thi u i n trn lan

11.

Seats on the first commercial flight of the Airbus A380 the world's largest passenger plane - are being auctioned on eBay by Singapore Airlines (SIA). Not long after opening, bids of up to $2,550 had been placed. The auction closes on 10 September. Starting prices range from $3.80 in economy to $380 for a luxury package. All proceeds will go to charity. Profits from the sale will be divided equally between a Singapore charity, two children's hospitals in Sydney and international relief agency Medecins Sans Frontieres. "A majority of seats on both legs of the first flight will be auctioned on eBay... progressively over two weeks from Monday evening, 27 August," the carrier said. Any bid of more than $1,000, or for any of the "premium packages" on offer will need to be vetted beforehand by the airline to ensure prices are not artificially inflated. Anyone hoping to bid for the first paid for flights on the plane can pre-register on SIA's website.

- commercial flight : chuy

- to be auctioned : - to place bid : u gi - auction: cu c bn u gi - superjumbo flight - starting prices : m c gi kh i i m - luxury package : h ng sang - proceeds : vi c bn v - go to charity : dnh cho t thi n - be divided equally : c chia u - international relief agency : c quan c u tr qu c t - on both legs : C ch ng i v ch ng v - progressively over two weeks: lin t c trong 2 tu n - "premium packages: gi h ng sang - to be vetted beforehand : c ki m tra r c - to be artificially inflated : t ng o - pre-register : ng k tr c

n bay th ng m i c bn u gi

4. V my bay trn chuy n bay th ng m i u tin c a my bay Airbus A380, my bay hnh khch l n nh t th gi i ang c Singapore Airlines (SIA) bn u gi trn eBay. Ch t lu sau khi v c a ln, c ng i tr t i US$2550 c ch trn chuy n bay. Ngy cu i cng m ng i ta c th tham gia u gi l ngy 10 thng chn. Gi kh i i m m c 3,80 la M cho v h ng th ng t i 380 la M cho v h ng sang. SIA s dnh ton b ti n thu c lm t thi n m c th l ti n s c chia u gi a m t t ch c t thi n Singapore, hai b nh vi n nhi Sydney v q y c u tr qu c t Medecins Sans Frontieres. SIA ni '' a s gh trn c ch ng i v ch ng v c a chuy n bay u tin s c bn trn eBay...trong vng hai tu n t t i th Hai, ngy 27 thng tm,''. B t c v u gi no l n h n US$1000 la hay cho cc v h ng sang s c SIA ki m tra m b o gi khng c nng cao m t cch gi t o. B t c ai mu n u gi u c th ng k trn trang web c a SIA.

have always been convinced that if a woman once made her mind to marry a man, nothing but an instant flight could save him. Not always that! For once a friend of mine, seeing the inevitable danger before him, took ship from a certain port (with a toothbrush for all his luggage, so conscious was he of his danger and the necessity for immediate action) and spent a year traveling round the world; but when thinking himself safe, "Women are fickle", he said, "and twelve months she will have forgotten all about me". He landed at the same port, the first person he saw gaily waving to him from the quay was the little lady from whom he had fled.

12.I

- To be convinced: to believe
- To bear something in mind : Nh , l u Bear in mind that these prices could change. - To make one s mind : to intend - Fickle: changeable - Flee/fled/fled: b i kh i, ru ng b He fled the burning building.

Ti lun tin r ng n u m t ph n m t khi r p tm l y m t ng no th ng ta ch m c cnh m i bay ln tr i thot thn c. M no u ai c ng c cnh! V c m t l n m t ng i b n c a ti khi th y c hi m ho khng th trnh kh i tr c m t, th li n nh y ln m t con chi c tu m t b n c ng v i hnh l v n v n l m t bn ch i nh r ng v th c m i nguy hi m v c n thi t ph i hnh ng g p. Sau khi dnh m t n m ngao du kh p th gi i, khi ngh r ng mnh an ton th anh ta ni: n b th s m n ng chi u m a v sau 12 thng t h n l nng qun mnh r i. . Anh b n ti quay tr l i ci b n c ng ngy x a anh ra i, ng i n b u tin anh ta th y ang vui v v y tay v i mnh l ng i ph n nh nh n m anh ta ru ng b .

13. Ngnh s n xu t pht tri n ng k trong th i k ti thi t n n kinh t c a Philippines sau Chi n tranh Th gi i th II. Vi c ki m sot hng ho nh p kh u c a chnh ph thc y s pht tri n ngnh cng nghi p nh s n xu t cc m t hng tiu dng cho th tr ng trong n c. Vo nh ng n m 70, chnh ph xy d ng b n c khu kinh t nh m t ng c ng s n xu t cho th tr ng xu t kh u. Cc ngnh cng nghi p trong cc khu ch xu t ny c khuy n khch s n xu t cc m t hng xu t kh u truy n th ng. Nh ng c khu kinh t ny thu ht v n u t c a n c ngoi vo Philippines nh vo chnh sch mi n thu . Xy d ng thnh cng nh ng c khu kinh t ny t o ti n cho s ra i cc khu cng nghi p c qui m l n.

- ti thi t n n kinh t : reconstruction of economy - th i k sau Chi n tranh Th gi i th II: during the post-World War II - vi c ki m sot hng nh p kh u: controls on imports - thc y s pht tri n : speed up/promote development - hng tiu dng: consumer goods - th tr ng trong n c: domestic/local market - c khu kinh t : special economic zone - khu ch xu t: export-processing zone - m t hng xu t kh u truy n th ng: traditional imports c mi n thu : receive tax exemption - chnh sch mi n thu : tax exemption policy - t o ti n : to lead to/to bring about - s ra i: creation/establishment - khu cng nghi p c qui m l n: large-scale economic zone

The manufacturing sector expanded significantly during the post-World War II reconstruction of the Philippine economy. The government s controls on imports promoted the development of light industries that produced consumer goods for the domestic market. In the 1970s the government created four special economic zones designed to stimulate manufacturing for the export market. The industries in these exportprocessing zones are encouraged to produce traditional exports. The zones have attracted foreign investment for the Philippines due to its tax exemption policies. The success of these zones has led to the creation of other large-scale special economic zones.

The Chinese government has agreed to pay $3bn for a 10% stake in US private company Blackstone. It will give Blackstone a head start in Chinese takeover deals and allow China's government to tap into the global investment boom. The news, which is likely to create some political opposition in the US, comes just days before Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi visits the United States. China is buying the stake through its newly formed state investment fund.

14.

agreed to pay: nh t tr b ra a 10% stake: 10% c ph n give Blackstone a head start: gip Blackstone thu n l i h n in Chinese takeover deals : giao d ch mua bn t i Trung Qu c tap into the global investment boom: b c vo th tr ng u t ton c u hi n ang bng n create some political opposition: t o thm s ph n i chnh tr Vice Premier Wu Yi : ph Th t ng Ng Nghi state investment fund: qu u t nh n c

Chnh ph Trung Qu c nh t tr b ra 3 t la mua 10% c ph n trong cng ty t nhn Blackstone c a M . Hnh ng ny s gip Blackstone thu n l i h n trong cc giao d ch mua bn t i Trung Qu c, v cho php chnh ph Trung Qu c b c vo th tr ng u t ton c u hi n ang bng n . Tin ny c kh n ng s t o thm s ph n i chnh tr t Hoa K khi n c tung ra ch vi ngy tr c chuy n th m c a ph Th t ng Ng Nghi t i M . Trung Qu c mua c ph n c a Blackstone thng qua qu u t nh n c m h m i thnh l p.

15. Cc cu c m phn t do ha th ng

m i ton c u, c bi t d i tn g i Vng m Phn Doha ko di h n su n m, nay ang t i giai o n mang tnh quy t nh. T ng s 21 thnh vin Di n n H p Tc Kinh T Chu - Thi Bnh D ng chi m t i g n m t n a th ng m i ton c u. Hm Th B y, cc lnh t ng l c n ph i c hnh ng i ph v i v n thay i kh h u. Trung Qu c v Hoa K , hai trong s cc n c gy nhi m nhi u nh t trn th gi i, nay n m trong s cc qu c gia tham gia k k t b n tuyn b v m c tiu h n ch m c gia t ng th i kh nh knh vo mi tr ng.

cu c m phn: talk/negotiation t do ha: liberalization th ng m i ton c u: world/global trade c bi t d i tn g i: to be known as Vng m Phn Doha: the Doha Round ko di: to last/to drag on t i giai o n mang tnh quy t nh: to reach a crucial/decisive stage - Di n n H p Tc Kinh T Chu - Thi Bnh D ng: the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (Apec)
-

- chi m t i: account for - lnh tu: leader ng l c n ph i c hnh -

the need for action i ph v i v n thay i kh h u: to tackle climate change n c gy nhi m: polluter b n tuyn b : statement m c tiu h n ch m c : aim to restrain/limit gia t ng th i kh nh knh vo mi tr ng: the rise of greenhouse gas emissions

ng: agreed on

World trade liberalization talks known as the Doha Round have lasted for more than six years and are now reaching a crucial stage. The 21 members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (Apec) Forum account for nearly half of the world's trade. On Saturday, the leaders agreed on the need for action to tackle climate change. China and the US - two of the world's biggest polluters - were among the nations that signed the statement of aims to restrain the rise of greenhouse gas emissions.

Although fertility rates in poor countries have declined in recent years, the UN has estimated that the world s population should stabilize at approximately 10.2 billion people by the year 2100, when the number dying will match the number being born. This figure is two and a quarter times the present world population. A long-held and popular belief is that population growth in poor countries is the major cause of poverty. The population explosion , it is argued, is wiping out any economic development which the poor countries may achieve. The remedy to poverty is seen, therefore, to be increased birth control. This view has come under severe criticism by poor countries and their supporters in wealthy nations. They argue that large families and rapid population growth are consequences of poverty rather than its cause. Many of the poor consider a large family to be essential for survival in poor countries. In a society lacking social welfare payments, children are seen as a source of security in old age and when illness or unemployment strike. Children are also regarded as a means of bringing in additional income at an early age. In addition, because child mortality rates are high, a large family is considered necessary to ensure that at least one son survives to adulthood. Another argument is that employment opportunities and adequate social security schemes are the key to falling birth rates.

16.

- To decline: gi m xu ng - To estimate: c tnh - It is estimated that ..: Ng i ta c tnh r ng - To stabilize: lm n nh - It is important to stabilize our population growth rates. - To match: snh b ng - Worldly pleasures cannot match those joys. Nh ng th vui tr n t c khng th snh b ng nh ng ni m vui ny. - Belief : ni m tin to have belief in something: tin t ng ci g freedom of belief: t do tnh ng ng

Fertility rate: t l sinh

- poverty: s ngho kh
- Hunger eradication and poverty alleviation: xa i gi m ngho - population explosion/boom: bng n dn s - To wipe out: xo s ch - To achieve: t c - Economic development: S pht tri n kinh t - Consequence: h u qu - Social welfare payment: tr c p phc l i x h i - To be regarded as : c xem l - additional income : kho n thu nh p thm - adequate:

Trong nh ng n m g n y, m c d t l sinh cc n c ngho c gi m xu ng, nh ng Lin Hi p Qu c c tnh r ng n n m 2100 t l sinh t s b ng nhau v lc dn s th gi i s n nh m c x p x 10,2 t ng i, t ng 2,25 l n so v i dn s th gi i hi n nay. Lu nay nhi u ng i cho r ng pht tri n dn s cc n c ngho l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra n n i ngho. S bng n dn s ang hu ho i m i thnh qu kinh t m cc n c ny t c. Do v y, c n ph i y m nh cng tc sinh c k ho ch thot kh i c nh i ngho. Tuy nhin, quan i m ny b cc n c ngho v m t s ng i cc n c giu ph phn gay g t. H cho r ng gia nh ng con v dn s t ng nhanh l h u qu h n l nguyn nhn c a s i ngho. Nhi u ng i ngho xem gia nh ng con l c n thi t cho s s ng cn c a cc n c ngho. Con ci l c s m b o cho tu i gi c ng nh lc m au hay b th t nghi p nh ng n c khng c tr c p phc l i x h i. Con ci c ng l ngu n nhn l c gp ph n vo vi c t ng thu nh p cho gia nh ngay lc chng cn nh . H n n a, do t l tr em t vong cao nn gia nh ng con th t s c n thi t m b o ch c ch n t nh t c m t a con trai s ng st cho n tu i tr ng thnh. M t quan i m khc cho r ng c h i tm c vi c lm v m b o b o phc l i x h i th c s ng c xem l gi i php c b n h n ch sinh h u hi u nh t.

17.Theo phn tch c a cc chuyn gia kinh t , vi c d b hng ro thu c ng s lm cho gi nguyn li u nh p kh u gi m xu ng. i u ny s lm cho gi hng tiu dng c ng gi m v ng i tiu dng c ng s c h ng l i. Vi c gi c hng ha trong n c g n st v i gi th gi i h n s gip gi m n n bun l u v gian l n th ng m i v gip th tr ng Vi t Nam lnh m nh h n. S hi n di n c a cc t p on n c ngoi c ng l ng l c m i nng cao s c c nh tranh c a h th ng phn ph i trong n c, ng th i thc y vi c hnh thnh h th ng phn ph i hi n i cho th tr ng. Ng i tiu dng s c c h i c mua hng ha v i gi c h p l, ch t l ng m b o.

theo phn tch c a cc chuyn gia kinh t : according to economic experts' analysis vi c d b hng ro thu : the removal of tariff barriers gi hng tiu dng : consumption price h ng l i: to be benefited gi c hng ha trong n c g n st v i gi th gi i h n: narrow gap between domestic and world prices t p on n c ngoi: foreign groups ng l c: impetus nng cao s c c nh tranh: improve competition/ competitive force thc y: speed up/ boost/accelerate h th ng phn ph i hi n i: modern distribution system gi c h p l: reasonable price

According to economic experts' analysis, the removal of tariff barriers will make the price of imported raw materials go down. This will help reduce the consumption price and benefit consumers. The narrow gap between domestic and world prices helps reduce smuggling and trade fraud and make the Vietnamese market healthier. The presence of foreign groups will also give fresh impetus to improve competitive force of local distributors and speed up the establishment of a modern distribution system in the market. Consumers will have opportunities to buy high-quality goods at reasonable prices.

18. Vietnamese and British cultures are sharply different. One major area of difference between the cultures relates to the showing of affection. In Vietnam, two men or two women often show affection in public, but affection between the sexes is not considered acceptable. Vietnamese family relations are often a surprise to British people. Three or four generations generally live together in one Vietnamese household, with elderly people cared for by their children and grandchildren.

- To show affection: th hi n tnh c m - to relate to: lien quan n - in public: n i cng c ng - sex: gi i tnh - generation: th h

Hai n n v n ho Vi t v Anh r t khc nhau. M t trong nh ng l nh v c khc nhau gi a hai n n v n ho ny l cch th hi n tnh c m. Vi t Nam hai ng i n ng ho c hai ph n c th th hi n tnh c m n i cng c ng, nh ng hai ng i khc gi i th hi n tnh c m nh th th th ng khng c ch p nh n. Quan h gia nh Vi t Nam th ng lm cho ng i Anh ng c nhin. Ni chung l ba ho c b n th h cng s ng chung trong m t nh Vi t Nam v ng i gi th c con chu trng nom.

19. Chemicals enter our food in various ways

and for various reasons. Farmers use herbicides to kill weeds, pesticides to kill insects, fungicides to kill mold and fertilizers to promote growth. All of them are very harmful to health and also to the environment. After harvesting, most crops are subjected to further "post-harvest" chemical treatment in order to protect them from fungus. Japanese rice, for example, is sprayed with methyl bromide, which can cause mental disorders and speech impediments. Fresh fruits and vegetables are sprayed with sulfites, to which many people are allergic. Bananas, mangoes and other tropical fruit are sprayed with even more poisonous chemicals.

- Reason

: l do * for various reasons : v nhiu l do - Herbicide : thuc dit c - Fungicide : thuc dit nm mc - Fertilizer : phn bn - To be harmful to : c hi - To be subjected to : chu phi - Post-harvest treatment : x l sau thu hoch - Fungus : nm mc - To spray : phun - Mental disorder : ri lon thn kinh - Speech impediment : ri lon ngn ng - To be allergic : b d ng

Ho ch t xm nh p th c ph m c a chng ta b ng nhi u cch v v nhi u l do khc nhau. Nng dn s d ng thu c di t c di t c d i, thu c tr su di t su b , v thu c fi t n m di t n m m c v phn bn t ng s pht tri n. T t c cc lo i ho ch t ny r t c h i v i s c kho v mi tr ng c a chng ta. Sau khi thu ho ch, ph n l n nng s n ph i c x l ho ch t sau thu ho ch, Ch ng h n nh la g o Nh t B n c ng i ta phun thu c methyl bromide. Lo i thu c ny c th gy ra r i lo n th n kinh v r i lo n ngn ng . Tri cy v rau t i c phun thu c sulfite. Lo i thu c gy d ng cho nhi u ng i. Chu i, xoi v cc lo i tri cy nhi t i khc c phun nh ng lo i ho ch t th m ch c h i h n.

20. The World Bank has blocked a $232 million loan for a road-building project in the Philippines to consider allegations of corruption in the bidding process. The World Bank's board has postponed a decision on the new loan so that it can read the findings of an internal report on bid rigging during the first phase of the road project. World Bank spokesman Peter Stephens says the report was published on the same day that phase two of the project went to the board for approval. "It's actually a delay while we look in depth at a report on corruption and measures to deal with corruption on the project. The board has quite properly asked quite a few questions about what sort of procedures in place," said Stephens. In the first phase of the project, the World Bank says it rejected two large contracts worth $33 million between 2003 and 2006, because of evidence of collusion and excessive pricing in some bidding by companies. The bank's internal investigation unit has since drawn up a report. The Wall Street Journal reported bank investigators had concluded that a Chinese firm, China State Construction Engineering, had tried to rig bids with a cartel of construction firms.

- block a $232 million loan : ng ng cho vay 232 tri u la - allegations of corruption: cc co bu c v tham nh ng - bidding process : ti n trnh u th u - postpone a decision : tr hon quy t nh - an internal report : bo co n i b - the first phase : giai o n u - bid rigging: gian l n trong u th u - go to the board for approval: a ra tr c h i ng qu n tr ph chu n - a delay: s tr hon - evidence of collusion : b ng ch ng c u k t c a cc cng ty - excessive pricing : gi th u qu cao - China State Construction Engineering: Cng trnh xy d ng c a Trung Qu c - a cartel of construction firms: t p on cc cng ty xy d ng

Ngn hng th gi i ng ng cho Philippines vay 232 tri u la cho m t d n xy d ng ng s xem xt cc co bu c v tham nh ng trong ti n trnh u th u. H i ng c a Ngn hng Th gi i tr hon quy t nh cho Philippines vay m t ngn kho n m i h c th xem xt v nh ng k t lu n trong m t b n bo co n i b v gian l n trong giai o n kh i u c a d n xy ng. Pht ngn vin Ngn hng Th gi i, ng Peter Stephens cho bi t b n bo co c cng b cng ngy m giai o n o n hai c a d n c a ra tr c h i ng qu n tr c a Ngn hng xin ph chu n. ng Stephens ni: "Vi c ny th t ra l m t s tr hon trong lc chng ti nghin c u k h n b n bo co v tham nh ng v v cc bi n php i ph v i nh ng hnh vi tham nh ng trong d n. H i ng qu n tr nu ra kh nhi u cu h i v cc th t c ang c p d ng." Trong giai o n u c a d n, Ngn hng Th gi i cho bi t h bc b hai h p ng l n tr gi 33 tri u la t n m 2003 n 2006 v c ch ng c l m t vi cng ty c u k t v i nhau v gi th u qu cao. V sau b ph n i u tra n i b c a Ngn hng so n th o m t b n bo co. Nh t bo Wall Street loan tin cc nhn vin i u tra c a Ngn hng Th gi i k t lu n r ng cng ty Cng trnh Xy d ng c a Trung Qu c tm cch c u k t v i m t t p on cc cng ty xy d ng.

21. L n

u tin ng i ta pht hi n nh ng t bng pht ch ng vi rt H5N1 m i nh t loi chim t i Thi Lan v Vi t Nam vo n m 2003. Lo i vi rt ny ly lan n nhi u n c khc trong vng v by gi t chn ln cc n c Chu u. Do v y Lin Minh Chu u tuyn b s c m nh p kh u chim c nh hoang d v s p d ng cc lu t l nghim kh c h n iv iv n nui chim c nh

pht hi n: find/spot t bng pht : outbreak - ch ng vi rt : strain - ly lan: spread - t chn ln : establish a foothold/ set foot on (in...) - Lin Minh Chu u : The European Union - tuyn b : announce - c m nh p kh u : ban import - p d ng cc lu t l nghim kh c: impose strict rules on - chim c nh: pet bird

The outbreaks of the latest H5N1 strain among birds were first spotted in Thailand and Vietnam in 2003. This spread to several other countries in the region and has now established a foothold in European countries. For this reason, the EU announced that it would ban imports of wild pet birds and impose stricter rules on the private ownership of pet birds.

22. Th t ng Nguy n T n D ng d Di n n doanh nghi p Vi t Nam n t ch c t i khch s n ITC Maurya Sheraton v i s tham d c a h n 400 doanh nghi p hai n c. Th t ng g i thng i p t i cc nh ut n r ng Vi t Nam l i m n u t h p d n, an ton, hi u qu v b n v ng cho cc nh u t n c ngoi.

- Di n n doanh nghi p Vi t Nam n : Vietnam-India business forum - T ch c: to be held - s tham gia: participation - Doanh nghi p: entrepreneur/ business - G i thng i p: deliver a message - h p d n: attractive - b n v ng: sustainable - hi u qu : efficient/effective

Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung attended a Vietnam-India business forum held in the ITC Maurya Sheraton Hotel, drawing the participation of more than 400 entrepreneurs from the two countries. He delivered a message to Indian investors, saying that Vietnam is an attractive, safe, efficient and sustainable destination of investment for foreign investors.

23.Chnh sch m t con c a Trung qu c v phong t c thch con trai n i di lm nhi u c p v ch mg ph i tm cch sinh con trai b ng c. M t s ng i tr ti n th c hi n siu m b t h p php xem ci thai trong b ng l con trai hay con gi v s ph thai n u l con gi. Chnh ph Trung qu c tuyn b ang so n th o lu t m i gi i quy t s m t cn b ng v gi i do tnh tr ng ph thai l con gi gy ra. Nh ng quy nh m i s nh ra nh ng hnh ph t c th i v i cc b c cha m v bc s . Hi p h i k ho ch ha gia nh Trung qu c cho bi t s chnh l ch nam n n m c bo ng. Cc chuyn gia lo ng i r ng hi n t ng ny s gy ra nh ng h u qu v x h i khng th l ng tr c c. M t s ng i tin r ng v i hng tri u n ng khng tm c v , c nhi u kh n ng nh ng hnh vi b o l c v ch ng x h i s ngy cng t ng.

Chnh sch m t con: one-child policy phong t c thch con trai n i di : the traditional preference for male heirs tm cch sinh con trai b ng c: try to ensure that their single offspring is a boy siu m b t h p php : illegal ultrasound tests xem ci thai trong b ng l con trai hay con gi: discover the sex of a foetus ph thai: abort the foetus so n th o lu t m i: draf new laws gi i quy t s m t cn b ng v gi i: tackle the gender imbalance tnh tr ng ph thai l con gi: the abortion of female foetuses Quy nh m i: new rule nh ra nh ng hnh ph t c th : set out specific punishments Hi p h i k ho ch ha gia nh Trung qu c: China's Family Planning Association s chnh l ch nam n n m c bo ng: the alarming extent of the imbalance hi n t ng: phenomenon h u qu x h i khng th l ng tr c c: unpredictable social consequences nh ng hnh vi b o l c v ch ng x h i: anti-social and violent behaviour

China's one-child policy and the traditional preference for male heirs have led many couples to try to ensure that their single offspring is a boy. Some pay for illegal ultrasound tests to discover the sex of a foetus and abort it if it is female. The Chinese government says it is drafting new laws to tackle the gender imbalance caused by the abortion of female foetuses. New rules are expected to set out specific punishments for parents and doctors. China's Family Planning Association (CFPC) has revealed the alarming extent of the imbalance. Experts fear the phenomenon could have unpredictable social consequences. Some believe that with millions of men unable to find a wife, there could be risks of increasing anti-social and violent behaviour.

24. Trong 10 n m qua tng san phm quc ni trn u ng i t ng tr ng nhanh h n trong khu v c ng tin chung chu u, m c trung binh 1.8%/n m so v i m c 1.6% cua My. iu nay khin mt s ng i chi trich ECB a thay i thai . Gn y, nhiu ng i con cho r ng Ngn hang trung ng chu u a phan ng tt h n cac ngn hang trung ng khac i v i cuc khung hoang tin dung trn th tr ng tai chinh, b t u t thang Tam n m 2007.

tng san phm quc ni trn u ng i : gross domestic product (GDP) per capita khu v c ng tin chung chu u: Eurozone m c trung binh 1.8%/n m: by 1.8% a year on average so v i: compared with ch trch: criticize thay i thi : a change in attitude ph n ng t t h n: to respond better ngn hng trung ng: central bank cu c kh ng ho ng tn d ng: credit crisis th tr ng ti chnh: financial market

Gross domestic product per capita has actually grown faster in the Eurozone over the past 10 years, by 1.8% a year on average, compared with 1.6% in the US. This realisation has made some people criticize ECB for a change in its attitude. Recently, many also think ECB has responded better than other central banks to the credit crisis in financial markets that began in August 2007.

25. T ch c L ng Nng canh bao r ng tinh trang gia l ng th c cao se con tip din vi nhu cu tai cac n c ang phat trin v chi phi san xut ngay cang cao. T ch c nay ni r ng vi c t ng gia l ng th c hin a ln m c ky luc, mt phn vi th i tit xu pha huy mua mang. Cac yu t nh nhu cu nhin liu sinh hoc t ng cao se khin m t b ng gia cao trong t ng lai.

T ch c L ng Nng: the FAO C nh bo: warn Tnh tr ng gi l ng th c cao: higher food price Ti p di n: to stay Chi ph s n xu t cao: production cost rise Th i ti t x u ph h y ma mng: bad weather ruining crops Nhu c u nhin li u sinh h c: biofuel demand khin m t b ng gia cao trong t ng lai: keep future costs high

The FAO warned that higher food prices may be to stay due to the demand from developing countries and production cost rise. It said the current price increase was higher than previous records, partly due to bad weather ruining crops. Factors such as rising biofuel demand will keep future costs high.

26. Huge crowds had gathered on a small island for the final day of the Water Festival, one of the main events of the year in Cambodia. The stampede took place on a bridge, which eyewitnesses said had become overcrowded. Hun Sen described the stampede as the "biggest tragedy" to hit Cambodia since the mass killings carried out by the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s. He said he had ordered an investigation and declared a national day of mourning for later in the week. He ordered all government ministries to fly the nation's flag at half-mast.

a small island: c lao nh the main event: ngy h i l n stampede : tinh tr ng x y gi m p ln nhau eyewitness : nhn ch ng become overcrowded : qu ng ng i biggest tragedy : t i h a l n nh t mass killings : cc v gi t ng i hng lo t the Khmer Rouge regime : Ch Khmer to declare a national day of mourning : tuyn b ngy qu c tang to fly the nation's flag at half-mast: treo c r

ng ng i t t p t i c lao nh trn sng trong ngy cu i c a l h i n c, m t trong nh ng ngy h i l n trong n m Campuchia. Nhn ch ng cho hay qu ng ng i c m t trn cy c u gy ra tnh tr ng x y gi m p ln nhau. Th t ng Hun Sen miu t v gi m p l t i h a l n nh t Campuchia k t th i Khmer , giai o n n i ti ng v i cc v gi t ng i hng lo t th p nin 1970. ng ni ng yu c u m cu c i u tra v tuyn b ngy qu c tang. ng yu c u cc b c a chnh ph ph i treo c r .

27. Government spokesman Khieu Kanharith said that more than 400 people had been injured. "Most of the deaths were as a result of suffocation and serious injuries," he said. Authorities had estimated that more than two million people would attend the three-day festival. Panic broke out after a concert on Diamond Island, which followed a boat race on the Tonle Sap river regarded as a highlight of the festivities. Sean Ngu, an Australian who was visiting family in Cambodia, said too many people had been on the bridge. He also said some of the victims were electrocuted. "There were too many people on the bridge and then both ends were pushing," he said. "This caused a sudden panic. The pushing caused those in the middle to fall to the ground, then got crushed. "Panic started and at least 50 people jumped in the river. People tried to climb on to the bridge, grabbing and pulling the electric cables which came loose and electrical shock caused more deaths."

spokesman : Ng i pht ngn To be injured : b th ng suffocation : ng t th panic : s ho ng lo n a highlight of the festivities : i m nh n c a l h i to be electrocuted : b i n gi t both ends: hai u c u to be pushing : l n b c y nhau to fall to the ground : b ng to get crushed : b p ln to grab : tm l y to come loose : bung ra to be filled with: ch a y

Ng i pht ngn c a chnh ph Khieu Kanharith cho hay c h n 400 ng i b th ng. ng ni: as t vong do ng t th v th ng tch n ng. Cc c p chnh quy n d on c h n hai tri u ng i tham d l h i ko di trong ba ngy. Sau bu i di n ca nh c t i c lao Diamond, c nh h t ho ng x y nhau x y ra. Tr c l cu c ua thuy n trn sng Tonle Sap, m t trong nh ng i m nh n c a ngy l . Sean Ngu, ng i c g c Campuchia ang Phnom Penh th m gia nh cho hay qu nhi u ng i ko ln cy c u. ng cn ni m t s n n nhn b i n gi t. Ng i ln c u ng ch t. Dng ng i t hai u c u c th l n b c, y nhau n ng t th . i u ny t nhin lm dn tnh h t ho ng. Nh ng ng i gi a b ng v b ng i khc p ln. Dn chng h t s c ho ng s . Kho ng 50 ng i nh y xu ng sng. C ng i tm cch leo ln c u l i, tay s ph i cp d n i n, dy bung ra, h b i n gi t. i u ny lm t ngthm s ng i thi t m ng.

28. Trong khi trao i Email qua i n tho i di ng l m t c a gi i tr th vi c thi t l p trang ch nh m t ph ng ti n t bi u t d ng nh thch h p v i nh ng ng i cao tu i khi m Internet cho php h k t n i v i th gi i t n i c a mnh. Nh n thng tin hay by t mnh qua Internet c v kh kh n. Tuy nhin i v i nh ng ng i l n tu i th ng hay nh v t g p g b n b th internet l cng c thch h p nh t.

- trao i : exchange - qua i n tho i di ng : via/through mobile/cell/hand phone - m t : fashion - trang ch : home page - cho php: allow/permit (sb to do sth) - k t n i : link to/connect with - Nh n thng tin : obtain/receive information - by t mnh : express oneself - ng i l n tu i: elderly people - cng c : tool/decice

While exchanging Emails via mobile phones is the fashion among the youths, setting up homepages as a means of selfexpression appears to suit elderly people as the Internet allows them to link with the world from their homes. It appears/seems (to be) difficult to obtain information or express oneself via the Internet. But for elderly people who tend to stay home and meet other people less often, the Internet is the most suitable tool.

29. Hong Kong's richest woman, Nina Wang, has died from an unspecified illness. She was thrust into the limelight after being accused of forging her late husband's will in order to inherit his fortune. She later won an eight-year battle to clear her name and give her control of multinational corporation Chinachem. Wang was Asia's 35th richest person, with a fortune of $4.2bn, according to Forbes magazine. Wang became famous when her businessman husband Teddy was kidnapped 15 years ago. He was never seen again and nine years later he was declared dead. His estate was valued at around $5bn, and his widow and father each presented a very different version of his will. The one Nina Wang had, which was handwritten, left his fortune to her. But the elder Mr Wang insisted his was the authentic will which proved that he was the rightful heir. He began a civil case against his daughter-in-law, accusing her of forgery, but in 2005, after an eight-year court battle, she won the fight to clear her name and keep the money.

an unspecified illness: c n b nh ch a c xc nh to be thrust into the limelight : tr thnh tm i m ch to be accused of: b t co/ b co bu c v to forge one's will: gi m o di chc to clear one's name: r a s ch thanh danh multinational corporation: cng ty a qu c gia to be declared dead: b bo t authentic will: b n di chc th t rightful heir: ng i c quy n th a k civil case: v n dn s forgery: s gi m o

Ng i ph n giu nh t Hong Kong, Nina Wang, qua i v m t c n b nh ch a c xc nh. B tr thnh tm i m ch sau khi b co bu c gi m o b n di chc c a ch ng th a h ng gia ti. B r a s ch thanh danh sau khi chi n th ng trong cu c chi n php l ko di t i tm n m v ln n m quy n ki m sot cng ty a qu c gia Chinachem. Theo nh gi c a t p ch Forbes, B Wang l ng i giu th 35 t i chu , v i ti s n tr gi 4.2 t la. B Wang tr thnh ng i n i ti ng sau khi ch ng b, nh kinh doanh Teddy, b b t cc cch y 15 n m. Ng i ta khng bao gi tm th y ng Teddy, v chn n m sau ng chnh th c b bo t . Ti s n c a ng khi tr gi kho ng 5 t la. Th nh ng ng i v go v cha c a ng khi m i ng i a ra m t b n di chc khc nhau. B n di chc m b Nina Wang n m gi l b n vi t tay, ni r ng b c h ng quy n th a k . Tuy nhin, cha c a ng Teddy kh ng nh r ng b n di chc ng c m i l b n th t v r ng ng m i l ng i c th a k ti s n. Sau ng b t u cu c ki n t ng ng i con du, co bu c b ph m t i gi m o. Tuy nhin vo n m 2005, sau tm n m tr i ki n t ng, b th ng ki n, r a s ch thanh danh th a h ng gia ti.

30. Cc nh khoa h c cho r ng l ng kh carbonic c cc i d ng trn th gi i h p th gi m i ng k . Cc nh nghin c u thu c tr ng i h c East Anglia, Anh Qu c, o l ng CO2 h p th thng qua h n 90.000 php o l ng. K t qu c a cu c nghin c u ko di 10 n m t i B c i Ty D ng cho th y l ng CO2 c i d ng h p th gi m i m t n a trong kho ng th i gian t gi a nh ng n m 1990 n 2005. Cc nh khoa h c tin r ng hi n t ng m nng ton c u c th tr nn tr m tr ng h n n u i d ng h p th c t kh th i nh knh. Cc nh nghin c u cho bi t pht hi n ny l i u b t ng v gy lo ng i b i c c s tin r ng trong t ng lai i d ng s khng cn h p th c kh th i c a con ng i n a.

ng kh carbonic: the amount carbon dioxide c cc i d ng trn th gi i h p th : absorbed by the world's oceans o l ng CO2 h p th : gauge CO2 absorption php o l ng : measurements cu c nghin c u ko di 10 n m: 10-year study B c i Ty D ng: North Atlantic l ng CO2 c i d ng h p th : the amount of CO2 absorbed by the oceans gi m i m t n a: to half

hi n t ng m nng ton c u: global warming tr nn tr m tr ng h n : get worse/ become more serious h p th : soak up/absorb kh th i nh knh: greenhouse gas pht hi n: findings c s : foundation/ground khng cn h p th c: become saturated kh th i c a con ng i: human emission

Scientists have said the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the world's oceans has remarkably reduced. The English University of East Anglia researchers gauged CO2 absorption through more than 90,000 measurements. The results of their 10year study in the North Atlantic show that the amount of CO2 absorbed by the oceans halved between the mid-90s and 2005. The scientists believe global warming might get worse if the oceans soak up less of the greenhouse gas. The researchers said the findings were surprising and worrying because there were grounds for believing that the ocean might become saturated with human emissions in the future.

31. Chnh ph Vit Nam a ph chun cac k hoach xy d ng mt tuyn ng s t m i ni lin gi a hai thanh ph Ha Ni va H Chi Minh, tri gia 33 ti la. D kin khi hoan thanh, ng xe l a nay se giam th i gian i lai gi a hai thanh ph xung con ch a y 10 ting, so v i m c th i gian hin nay la gn hai ngay. Chinh phu Vit Nam t ra muc tiu la se xy xong ng ray nay trong vong sau n m.

ph chu n: to approve tuyn ng s t m i ni lin gi a hai thanh ph Ha Ni va H Chi Minh, tri gia 33 ti la: a $33bn new rail link between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City gi m th i gian i l i: cut the journey time d ki n khi hon thnh: if completed t ra m c tiu: set a target

The Vietnamese government has approved plans to build a $33bn new rail link between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. If completed, it could cut the journey time between the two cities from nearly two days to less than 10 hours. The government has set a target that the link will be built in just six years.

32. Chnh ph Nh t c k ho ch cho nh ng bi n php c th lm nh b t nh ng kh kh n t m t x h i c tu i trung bnh cao. Cc bi n php ny bao g m khuy n khch ng i gi lm vi c v gip nh ng ng i tu i 50 l p k ho ch sau khi v h u cho cu c s ng c a mnh. Bo co c a chnh ph ni r ng m t x h i gi v n c n ph i l m t x h i n ng ng.

lm gi m nh nh ng kh kh n: to ease the hardship M t x h i c tu i trung bnh cao: an ageing society L p k ho ch sau khi v h u cho cu c s ng c a mnh: to shape postretirement life plan N ng ng : dynamic

The Japanese government plans specific measures to ease the hardship caused by such an ageing society. These include promoting employment among the elderly and helping people in their 50s to shape post-retirement life plans. A government's report says an ageing society can still be a dynamic society.

33. All human societies encroach upon nature when they alter their environment. However, some encroach much more than others. Some act as if they own nature and can do with it what they will instead of being its trustees for future generations of life on this planet. With the expansions of European colonization from the 16th century and the rise of the industrial system, ancient environmental wisdom with regard to nature was increasingly discounted. From the time of the Neolithic and Bronze Age revolutions, when decisive pioneering development of farming, stock breeding and metal work had occurred, people began to have an increasingly greater impact on the environment. In the drive to exploit resources, there was scant regard for the environmental consequences. Factory fumes and waste polluted the air, water and soil as steam engines churned and new industries boomed

encroach upon nature: xm ph m t nhin to alter: thay i as if: nh th l trustee: ng i c giao ph the expansion: s bnh tr ng European colonization: thu c a Chu u ancient environmental wisdom: s am t ng mi t ng c a ng i x a with regard to: g n li n to be increasingly discounted: ngy cng b xem nh . Neolithic: m i Bronze Age revolutions: cch m ng c a K ng Decisive: c tnh quy t nh stock breeding: ch n nui metal work: ngh kim kh to have an increasingly greater impact on: tc ng ngy cng nhi u n in the drive: V kht khao to exploit resources: khai thc t nguyn there was scant regard for: ng i ta t ch n to churned: kh i ng, ho t ng

M i hnh thi x h i loi ng i khi thay i mi tr ng c ng l lc xm ph m t nhin. Tuy nhin, m c xm ph m m i x h i m i khc nhau. M t vi x h i hnh ng nh th h lm ch t nhin v th c s t c o t n m qun i trch nhi m c a chnh mnh l gn gi s s ng cho th h t ng lai trn hnh tinh ny. Do s bnh tr ng thu c a Chu u vo th k 16 v n n cng nghi p pht tri n nhanh nn s am t ng mi tr ng c a ng i x a g n li n v i thin nhin ngy cng b xem nh . T th i k m i cho n nh ng cu c cch m ng c a K ng, khi ngnh tr ng tr t, ch n nui v ngh kim kh pht tri n r c r th con ng i tc ng ngy cng nhi u n mi tr ng. Do kht khao mu n khai thc ti nguyn nn ng i ta xem nh h u qu c a mi tr ng. Khi ng c h i n c kh ng v ngnh cng nghi p m i ph t ln th khi v ch t th i c a nh my lm nhi m khng kh, n c v t tr ng.

34. Since

antiquity the damaging effects of earthquakes on human lives and property have encouraged the search for reliable methods of earthquake prediction. This challenge remains and contemporary seismologists continue to seek reliable methods for pinpointing time, place and magnitude of individual earthquakes.

- Antiquity: xa x a
- The effect/influence/impact of sth on sth: nh h ng c a ci g i v i ci g - To encourage : ng vin She encouraged him to join the army. - The search for sth: tm ki m ci g - Prediction: s d on/d bo - Challenge: thch th c To issue/ to accept a challenge: a ra/ ch p nh n thch th c - Contemporary: ng th i - Seismologist: nh a ch n - To pinpoint: to show/to indicate: ch ra - Magnitude: c ng

Mt vu n lai xay ra tai nha may in h t nhn Nht Ban, a bi h h i trong trn ng t hm th Sau tun tr c. Tuy nhin gi i ch c cho hay vu n th hai khng gy v trong nha may. Hinh anh trn truy n hnh Nht cho thy khoi bc ln t lo phan ng s ba cua nha may in Fukushima, hai ngay sau khi lo phan ng s mt bi n. C quan an toan hat nhn cua Nht noi vu n xay ra la do khi hydrogen tich tu, lm 11 ng i b th ng. T th Sau, cc chuyn gia ky thut a tim cach lam ngui ba lo phan ng cua nha may Fukushima 1, khi ng t va song thn pha huy b phn tan nhit.

35. The blast occurred at reactor 2 at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, which engineers had been trying to stabilise after two other reactors exploded. The radiation levels near the plant have risen, officials say. The crisis was sparked by a 9.0magnitude quake and tsunami on Friday. Thousands of people are believed to have died, and millions are spending a fourth night without water, food, electricity or gas. More than 500,000 people have been left homeless.

blast: v n reactor: l ph n ng to stabilise: bnh n radiation level: m c phng x crisis: kh ng ho ng be sparked: b t ngu n t a 9.0-magnitude quake: tr n ng t9 ritchter be left homeless: v gia c

Vu n xay ra tai lo phan ng s 2 cua nha may, hin ang c cac nhn vin ky thut tim cach binh n sau khi hai lo phan ng khac cung a bi n. Cc quan ch c noi kha n ng m c phong xa xung quanh nha may a t ng ln ang k. Khung hoang hin th i b t ngun t trn ng t 9 Richter v sng th n hm th Sau tun tr c. Ng i ta tin r ng hang nghin ng i a thit mang, hang triu ng i ang tri qua ngy th t thiu n c sinh ho t, l ng th c, in va khi t. H n n a triu ng i lm vao tinh trang v gia c .

Trung Qu c s p a ra l nh c m ht thu c t i ph n l n nh ng n i cng c ng. Theo B Y t n c ny, quy nh m i s c hi u l c vo ngy 1/5 t i nhi u n i cng c ng, trong c xe but, nh hng v qun bar. Tuy nhin, ng i ta v n cho php c ht thu c t i n i lm vi c. G n 1/4 dn s Trung Qu c ht thu c v m i n m c h n m t tri u ng i ch t v cc b nh lin quan n ht thu c l. T ch c Y t Th gi i cho bi t con s ny chi m t i 1/5 t ng s ng i ch t v ht thu c m i n m trn th gi i. V i h n 300 tri u ng i ht, Trung Qu c l n i th ng th y c nh ng i dn ht thu c l. Cc quy nh m i c cc nh ho t ng v y t hoan nghnh. M t s ng i cho r ng chnh ph Trung Qu c khng hnh ng s m gi m i tnh tr ng ht thu c t i n c ny. Tr c , B Y t ch ra l nh c m ht thu c trong cc b nh vi n. Cc quy nh m i bao g m vi c c m my bn thu c l t i nh ng n i cng c ng v ku g i cc ch ng trnh khuy n co v nguy hi m c a ht thu c. Tuy nhin, gi i ch c v n ch a cng b h s th c thi cc bi n php ny nh th no v li u c hnh ph t g i v i cc doanh nghi p hay c nhn ph m lu t.

a ra l nh c m ht thu c : to introduce a smoking ban n i cng c ng: public place B Y t : the Health Ministry c hi u l c : come into effect cho php : allow/permit quy nh : regulation b nh lin quan n ht thu c l: smoking-related illness chi m t i : account for/make up nh ho t ng v y t : health activist hoan nghnh: welcome my bn thu c l : cigarette vending machine ku g i : call for khuy n co v nguy hi m c a ht thu c: warn about the dangers of smoking th c thi cc bi n php: enforce the measures hnh ph t : penalty doanh nghi p : business ph m lu t: break the law

China is set to introduce a smoking ban in most public places. According to the Health Ministry, the new regulation will come into effect on 1 May in many public places including buses, restaurants and bars. But smoking will still be permitted in workplaces. Almost a quarter of China's population smoke and more than one million people die every year from smoking-related illnesses. That accounts for one fifth of people worldwide who die from smoking, according to the World Health Organisation. With more than 300 million smokers, China has long been a place where people can easily smoke. The new regulations have been welcomed by health activists. Some believe that the government has not acted early enough to reduce smoking in the country. Previously, the Ministry of Health had only banned it in hospitals. The new regulations also include a ban on cigarette vending machines in public areas and a call for programmes to warn about the dangers of smoking. But the authorities have not announced how they will enforce the measures and whether there will be penalties for businesses or individuals breaking the rules.

36. The anti-poverty group Oxfam says global warming is

altering the human food supply and threatening some of the world's poorest people with hunger. At the United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Bali, the group argued developed countries should pay to address the problem, and costs could top $50 billion a year. Climate change, which many scientists believe is fueled by human activities, alters rain cycles and causes droughts and flooding. Rising temperatures mean some traditional crops do not grow as well as they used to. The United Nations predicts that in some African countries, crop yields could fall by half. A report released by Oxfam at the conference some countries are already feeling the effects of a warming planet. In South Africa, farmers are planting fastermaturing crops to adapt to unpredictable rainfall. Bangladeshis are creating floating vegetable gardens that can thrive in spite of floods.

The anti-poverty group Oxfam: T ch c ch ng i ngho Oxfarm - global warming: hi n t ng m ln ton c u - alter food supply: thay i ngu n cung c p l ng th c - pay to address the problem: ch tr ng gi i quy t v n - be fueled by: gy ra do - rain cycle: chu k m a - droughts and flooding: nh ng v h n hn v l t l i - traditional crop: hoa mu thng th ng - crop yield: s n l ng hoa mu - fall by half: gi m m t n a - fast-maturing crop: hoa mu thu ho ch nhanh

36. T ch c ch ng ngho Oxfam ni r ng hi n t

ng m ln ton c u ang lm thay i ngu n cung c p l ng th c cho con ng i v e d a m t s ng i ngho nh t th gi i lm vo n n i. T i H i ngh Lin hi p qu c v Bi n i Kh h u t i Bali, t ch c ny l p lu n r ng cc n c pht tri n ph i ch tr ng n vi c gi i quy t v n ny, v chi ph c th ln n 50 t la m i n m. S bi n i kh h u, m nhi u nh khoa h c cho l do cc sinh ho t c a con ng i, lm thay i cc chu k m a v gy ra nh ng v h n hn v l t l i. Nhi t t ng c ngh a l m t s hoa m u thng th ng khng t ng tr ng t t nh tr c kia. Lin Hi p Qu c tin on r ng t i m t s qu c gia Chu Phi, s n l ng hoa m u c th s t gi m n phn n a. M t b n bo co do Oxfam cng b hm nay ni r ng m t s qu c gia c m nh n tc ng c a m t hnh tinh ang m ln. T i Nam Phi, nng dn ang tr ng cc lo i hoa m u thu ho ch nhanh h n ng ph v i m c n c m a kh tin on c. Ng i dn Bangladesh ang l p cc khu v n tr ng rau n i c th s ng cn qua cc tr n l t.

37. Before 1988, the effect of the banking system on the development and macro-economic management was minimal. In order to encourage the banking system to play a more constructive role, the government has taken new measures including the reorganization of the banking system, the introduction of restrictive credit policies, and new policies on interest and free trade of gold in market.

38. N m 2005, doanh thu th ng m i c a i n t Samsung t 233 tri u USD. Nh ng n n m 2006, c tnh con s ny l 335 tri u USD. V i ph ng chm ch m nh ng ch c, m t d n lin doanh mang tn Savina (Samsung Vietnam) hnh thnh v b t u ho t ng v i t ng s v n u t l 78 tri u USD. Samsung huy ng v n l 300 tri u USD nhi u l nh v c nh i n t , s i t ng h p, nh cho thu. Cn nh ng d n khc thu c cc l nh v c nh cng nghi p n ng, cng nghi p ch bi n v xy d ng th v n ang l nghin c u kh thi. Hi n nay, Samsung l nh ti tr l n Vi tnam. Ngoi vi c ti tr cho nhi u gi i v ch th thao qui m l n-nh , Samsung c p 1,2 tri u USD cho cc ch ng trnh h c ngo i ng v hu n luy n th d c.

doanh thu th

ng m i: turnover/revenue/trade returns

- t: reach/achieve c tnh: estimate - con s : figure - ph ng chm: motto/slogan - d n lin doanh :joint venture project - hnh thnh: come into being/existence - s v n u t : investment capital - s i t ng h p: synthetic fibre - cng nghi p ch bi n : processin industry - nghin c u kh thi: feasibility study - nh ti tr : sponsor - gi i v ch th thao: sports championship

In 2005, trade returns of Samsung electronics reached USD 233 million. But in 2006 this figure is estimated to be USD 335 million. With the motto of being slow but firm , a joint venture project named Savanna (Samsung Vietnam) has come into existence and begun its operation with a total investment capital of USD 78 million. Samsung has mobilized an investment capital of USD 300 million in many fields such as electronics, synthetic fiber, houses for lease. But the other projects in fields like heavy industry, processing industry and construction are only feasibility studies. Currently in Vietnam, Samsung is a big sponsor. In addition to financing many big and small-scale sport championships. Samsung has also granted USD 1.2 million for foreign language study programs and gymnastic training.

WITHOUT YOU What would I be without you? Without you I would be like: The ocean without water The night sky minus the stars The world without people The pen without ink Living without a heart. Without you my life will not be complete.

LITTLE THINGS Little drops of water Little grains of sand Make the vast ocean And the pleasant land. Little deeds of kindness Little words of love Make the Earth happy Like the Heaven above.

M T CI I V
Bao nhiu n m r i cn mi ra i i u loanh quanh cho i m i m t Trn hai vai ta i v ng nh t nguy t R i su t tr m n m m t ci i v L i no c a cy l i no c l M t chi u ng i say m t i th t nh ngy qua V a tn ma xun r i tn ma h M t ngy ma thu nghe chn ng a v ch n xa My che trn u v n ng trn vai i chn ta i sng cn l i Con tinh yu th ng v tnh ch t g i L i th y trong ta hi n bng con ng i

MY OWN LONELY WORLD How man-y years still on the move. To go around for all tir-ed life. Just o-ver head the sun and moon. Down on life-time a world of mine. Which words are trees which words are weeds, an evening drunk such a light life: days passed. Just ends the spring just ends the summer, in early fall a horse comes back from far. The sun and clouds are o-ver head. Behind our back the riv-er stays. A lov-er de-mon has just called. Appears in me the hu-man heart

Nh Cnh V c Bay
N ng c h ng b ng i mi em Is light pink as your pink lips M a c bu n b ng i m t em Is rain sad as your mad eyes Tc em t ng s i nh Your hair ti-ny hairs R t xu ng i lm sng lnh nh Faling down as bob-bing waves Gi s m ng v tc em bay Is wind glad with flying hair Cho my h n ng qun trn vai An-gry clouds as-leep on you Vai em g y gu c nh