ISOLATION IN THE UPS

28/02/2006

Newave SA, Switzerland info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS When we speak of UPS isolation it is necessary to be very precise in what we understand under isolation in order to avoid misunderstandings and misinterpretations. There are three types of distinct isolations in a UPS System

A) Galvanic Isolation between Input and Output B) input isolation between Mains and Battery C) Isolation between the DC-circuit and the UPS Output

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS

C.

DC - Component Output Isolation

a. TRANSFORMER-BASED TECHNOLOGY:
In transformer-based UPS-systems the transformer is used to step up the voltage at the output of the inverter to a voltage compatible with the utility or generator supply voltage. Furthermore it is in the nature of the transformer to isolate DC components and therefore the inverter transformer isolates the DC-circuit from the output load.

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS

Inverter Output-Transformer to step-up output voltage and blocks DC-component

+
Static THYRISTOR Bypass-Switch

NeutralLine connecting input and output (no galvanic isolation between input and output)

Figure 1 shows the block-diagram of a transformer-based, double conversion UPS-system. It can be seen from the drawing that the transformer is on the output of the inverter and not on the output of the UPS.

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS There are two possibilities for the DC-component to pass from the UPS to the load when there is an inverter IGBT-fault or a bypass THYRISTOR fault. The transformer-based UPS behaves as follows in the two cases: a) Inverter IGBT-Fault b) Bypass THYRISTOR Fault

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS a) Inverter IGBT-Fault: If for example the IGBT 2 of the inverter does not conduct, a DC-component will be generated and in the transformer-based UPS the output inverter transformer will isolate the inverter DC-component from the load.
F1 DC-component due to IGBT fault Transformer blocks DCcomponent

IGBT 1

IGBT 2

F2

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS b) Bypass THYRISTOR Fault If for example one of the THYRISTORS does not conduct, a considerable DC-component will be feeding the load as the transformer does not isolate the bypass. The transformer-based UPS does NOT control this DC-component .
Input sine-wave Static Switch DC-component passes uncontrolled to the load

THYRISTOR Not conducting

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS

C.

DC - Component Output Isolation

b. TRANSFORMER-LESS TECHNOLOGY: As the transformer-less UPS-technology does not provide an inverter output transformer the DC-component issue must be handled differently. The DC-component is blocked out the output so that it cannot be fed to the load by hardware and software regulation and control.

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS b. TRANSFORMER-LESS TECHNOLOGY:

Figure 2: Transformerless UPS block diagram

The transformer-less UPS behaves as follows in the two cases: a) Inverter IGBT-Fault b) Bypass THYRISTOR Fault
28/02/2006 Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com ML3-49 9

ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS a) Inverter IGBT-Fault: If for example the IGBT 2 of the inverter does not conduct, a DC-component will be generated. The transformer-less UPS-technology handles the DC-component by means of a fully redundant EDCP-SYSTEM (ELECTRONIC DCPROTECTION SYSTEM), so that probability of a DCcomponent appearing at the inverter output is practically ZERO !
F1
IGBT 1

DC-component due to IGBT fault Transformer-less EDCP-SYSTEM: ELECTRONIC DC-PROTECTION SYSTEM for blocking the DC to reach the load

IGBT 2

F2

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS b) Bypass THYRISTOR Fault : Furthermore the CONCEPTPOWER is provided with an additional EDCP-SYSTEM on the bypass side, which consists of a SCR-non-conducting-detection-circuit. If one of the static bypass SCR s does not conduct the load will automatically be transferred to inverter within 2-5msec in order to avoid the DC-component on the load side
Input sine-wave Static Switch DC-component passes uncontrolled to the load

THYRISTOR Not conducting

DC-Detection and control system that transfers the load to inverter

Transformer-less EDCP-SYSTEM: ELECTRONIC DC-PROTECTION SYSTEM for blocking the DC to reach the load

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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ISOLATIONS IN UPS SYSTEMS

CONCLUSION: With the advanced electronic technology the EDCP-SYSTEM is extremely reliable. The probability of a DC-component passing through a transformer-less EDCP-SYSTEM is not higher than a transformer going in short circuit (and allowing the DC-component to pass). With EDCP-SYSTEM also on the bypass side of the CONCEPTPOWER Transformer-less technology makes the overall protection from the DCcomponent on the inverter and bypass side more effective than just through a transformer on the inverter side Furthermore NEWAVE has actually over 25000 3-phase transformer-less UPS-systems in the market operating and being protected by the EDCP-SYSTEM and we have never had a single case of DC-component appearing on the load.

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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Thank you for your attention

28/02/2006

Newave SA info@newave.ch - www.newaveups.com

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