DEMO

ON

OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY

YOU CAN FIND THE DETAIL DESCRIPTIONS ON EACH TOPIC SHOWN IN THIS DEMO IN WORD DOCUMENTS.

FUNDAMENTALS OFC DISPERSSIONS, ATTENUATIONS MULTIPLEXING (TDM,FDM) SONET \SDH WDM \DWDM AMPLIFIERS, REPEATERS, REGENERATORS, etc... FIBER TO THE HOME TELECOMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE

AND MORE..

This demo is divided into two parts PART-1 INTRODUCTION OFC TECHNOLOGY SIZES, TYPES OF OFC GRAPHS DIPERSSION IN FIBERS PART-2 MULTIPLEXING AMPLIFIERS, REPEATERS, etc. DWDM SONET \ SDH OPTICAL NETWORKS

OPTICAL X-CONNECTORS & SWITCHES TELECOMMUNICATI ON ARCHITECTURE PROTOCOLS

PART-1 Contents INTRODUCTION OFC TECHNOLOGY SIZES, TYPES OF OFC GRAPHS DIPERSSION IN FIBERS OPTICAL X-CONNECTORS & SWITCHES PROTOCOLS

INTRODUCTION

WELCOME
TO

THE WORLD OF

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
COMMUNICATION IS NOTHING BUT EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION BETWEEN TWO PARTIES OR ENTRIES.

FOR COMMUNICATION TO TAKE PLACE BETWEEN TWO PARTIES : 1. THERE MUST BE SOME SORT OF RULES EXISTING BETWEEN TWO PARTIES CALLED PROTOCOL

2. THEY MUST HAVE A PROPER CHANNEL TO COMMUNICATE WE NOW DISCUSS THIS COMMUNICATION CHANNEL IN DETAIL

GENERAL ARCHITECTURE OF A COMMUNICATION MODEL

1. SOURCE : RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING DATA TO BE TRANSMITTED 2. TRANSMITTER : TRANSMITS SOURCE GENERATE DATA. SINCE
COMPUTER GENERATES DIGITAL DATA , TRANSMITTER IS USED TO CONVERT THE DIGITAL DATA TO THE APPROPRIATE FORM FOR TRANSMITTING ON TRANSMISSION MEDIA

3. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM : DATA IS TRANSMITTED 4. RECEIVER : RECEIVES THE INCOMING DATA AND CONVERTS IT INTO
DIGITAL DATA WHICH DESTINATION SYSTEM COULD UNDERSTAND

5. DESTINATION : PLACE WHERE DATA IS REACHED

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
WE HAVE LOT OF TRANSMISSION MEDIUMS SUCH AS :

1. TWISTED PAIR CABLES 2. CO-AXIAL CABLES 3. OPTICAL FIBER CABLES

TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBERS AS TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
ENORMOUS POTENTIAL BANDWIDTH SMALL SIZE AND WEIGHT ELECTRICAL ISOLATION IMMUNITY TO INTERFACE AND CROSSTALK SIGNAL SECURITY LOW TRANSMISSION LOSS FLEXIBILITY SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND EASE OF MAINTENANCE POTENTIAL LOW COST

OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL LINE TRANSMISSION

WHEN A BEAM OF LIGHT IS DIRECTED AT A TRANSPARENT MATERIAL SUCH AS GALSS, ALTHOUGH SOME OF THE LIGHT IS REFLECTED BACK TO THE ORIGINATING MEDIUM A HIGH PROPAGATION OF THAT LIGHT WILL PASS IN THE MEDIUM.

Fiber Strand: Very Thin Core and Large Cladding to Keep the Light Inside

CORE, CLADDING & COATING

TYPES, MODES, SIZES & MANUFACTURING OF

OPTICAL FIBERS

SINGLE MODE & MULTI MODE FIBERS

OPTICAL FIBER SIZES

OVD LAYDOWN PROCESS

OPTICAL FIBER DRAWING PROCESS

INDEX PROFILE OF A MATCHED-CLAD FIBER DESIGN

INDEX PROFILE OF A DEPRESSED-CLAD FIBER DESIGN

CLADDING DIAMETER, CORE\CLAD CONCENTRICITY & FIBER CURL

SOME TERMS OF OPTICAL FIBERS

1. Attenuation is the reduction of signal strength or light power over the length of the light-carrying medium. Fiber attenuation is measured in decibels per kilometer (dB/km). Optical fiber offers superior performance over other transmission media because it combines high bandwidth with low attenuation. This allows signals to be transmitted over longer distances while using fewer regenerators or amplifiers, thus reducing cost and improving signal reliability.

2.Dispersion is the time distortion of an optical signal that results from the many discrete wavelength components traveling at different rates and typically result in pulse broadening. In digital transmission, dispersion limits the maximum data rate, the maximum distance, or the information-carrying capacity of a single-mode fiber link. In analog transmission, dispersion can cause a waveform to become significantly distorted and can result in unacceptable levels of composite second-order distortion (CSO).

SOME GRAPHS

ATTENUATION Vs WAVELENGTH

IMPACT OF DISPERSSION

DISPERSSION VS WAVELENGTH

ATTENUATION Vs DISPERSSION

DISPERSSION IN FIBERS

Dispersion challenges intensify significantly with increases in network speed and channel capacity.

Highly reconfigurable networks of the future, tunable, multi channel dispersion compensation modules are required to adapt to variable path characteristics

Chromatic dispersion becomes a significant problem at network speeds of OC 192 and higher.

Slope mismatch dispersion must be addressed individually on each channel of a DWDM network

PMD changes randomly with environmental effects such as temperature and imperfections in fiber cores.

PMD levels can range from mild to severe on OC 192 networks, influenced by a range of factors

Chromatic dispersion has traditionally been addressed with spools of dispersion compensating fiber placed at intervals along the network.

In fiber Bragg gratings, a periodic refractive index variation along the axis of the fiber causes narrowband refraction.

Chromatic Dispersion

OPTICAL CROSS CONNECTORS OPTICAL SWITCHES

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer functionality

Optical Ring Architecture

Optical Rings

OXC Block Diagram

Optical Cross-Connects

Offering Bundled Services in a Multitenant Environment

Typical Fractional T1 Deployment

Optimized Fractional T1 employment

Ethernet Frame

LANCANMANWAN

Optical Gateways

Complex Network Topology of OADMs + OXCs

Simpler Network Topology Achieved by OADXs

Intelligent Wavelength Networking Platform

PROTOCOLS & PACKETS

O ONI and GMPLS Protocols

Control Plane

Provisioning Across OTN with Multiple Vendor Domains

Cisco's Coment Technical Innovations

Node Size

The Loading of the Reverse Path

HFC Based Video Overlay

Power Ranges

YEDFA Technology

END OF PART-1