Boiler control and operation

Boiler control and operation

Control techniques are capable of reducing operating costs while providing greater flexibility in plant management and control

Overvi ew

Boiler control and operation

     

Air Flow Control/Oxygen Trim Steam - Pressure Steam - Temperature Feed Water and Drum Level Fuel Oil Flow Control Fuel Gas Flow Control

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Combustion control
Tools for burner combustion control generally include regulation of excess air, oxygen trim, burner modulation, air/fuel cross-limiting and crosstotal heal control. The better burner control systems include all of these elements.

Air Flow Control/Oxygen Trim

    

ExcessExcess-air regulation Oxygen trim Optimize excess air Burner modulation Air/fuel cross-limiting cross-

Combustion control

Figure 1: Excess air must be kept within a suitable range to ensure complete combustion and reduce heat loss.

Combustion control

Figure 2: A cross-limiting combustion circuit allows firing multiple fuels simultaneously without risking excess fuel.

Steam Pressure Control

   

sometimes called boiler master Maintain steam pressure By adjusting fuel and combustion air flows When the pressure drops, the flows are increased.


Steam pressure sensor acts directly on fuel and air flow controls.

Final control devices

Fuel: pulverizer  Air: forced draft fan


Steam Pressure Control

Steam Temperature Control



Factors affecting the steam temperature

   

Boiler load Excess air Feedwater temperature Cleanliness of heating surface Gas bypass Buner control Attemperation Gas recirculation Excess air Divided furnace

Steam temperature control

     

Feed Water and Drum Level



Too low a level may expose boiler tubes, which overheats and damages them Too high a level may interfere with separating moisture from steam The optimum ,half of sight glass outside the drum

Boiler drum-level control drumdrumdrum-level control single-element single drum-level control two-element drumtwo drum-level control three-element drumthree

drumdrum-level control single-element single-

Figure : Drum-level control with a single-element module. Drumsingle-

drumdrum-level control two-element two-

Figure : Drum-level control with a two-element module Drumtwo-

drumdrum-level control three-element three-

Figure : Drum-level control with a three-element module. Drumthree-

Thank You