Project Cycle Management

(PCM)
Participatory Planning
 What is Project ？
• Objective
• Activities ⇒ Outputs
• Duration
• Budget （ Input)
• Resources (Input)

An undertaking for the purpose of

achieving established objectives,
within a given budget and time period.
 What is Project Cycle ?
• Project identification
• Project formation
• Appraisal
• Implementation
• Monitoring
• Plan revision
• Evaluation
• Feedback
Project Cycle Management

Eval uati on 　　　 Pl an nin g

PDM

Impl ementa tion

 Do See We are in
this stage.

Plan

Do See Do See

Plan Plan
 Project Design Matrix （ PDM ）
Narrative Objectively Means of Important
Summary Verifiable Verification Assumptions
Indicators
Overall
Goal
Project
Purpose
Outputs

Activities Inputs
Pre-conditions
 PDM 　 Vertical Logic
• Project Purpose 　
Objectives that the project should achieve within the project duration
• Overall Goal
Direction that the project should take next
• Outputs
Strategies for achieving the Project Purpose
• Activities
Specific actions taken to produce Outputs

• Important Assumptions
Conditions important for project success, but that cannot be
controlled by the projects. Whether these conditions develop or not
is uncertain.
 PDM Horizontal Logic
• Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Standards for measuring project achievement.
• Means of Verification
Data sources from which indicators are derived.
• Inputs
Personnel, materials, equipments, facilities and funds
required by the project.

• Preconditions
Conditions that must be fulfilled before a project gets
underway
 Characteristics of PCM

Participatory
Logicality
Approach

Problem-
Transparency
Solving
Consistency
Needs of Local People
Ownership of Beneficiaries
 Development of PCM Method
• Late 1960s Logical Framework (USAID)
➢ International Agencies introduce the Logframe

• Early 1980s ZOOP (GTZ)

　 Objectives-Oriented Project
Planning
➢ European countries adapt the ZOPP

• Early 1990s PCM(FASID)

➢ JICA begins full-scale introduction of the PCM
 Participants in the Workshop

Moderator

Recipient Other organization

country
implementing
agency

Recipient
country Resident of Expert in a Personnel of the
governmenta the related donor agency
l agency community issue
 PCM Workshop

Analyzing
Consensus step by step Cards
&Board
Moderator

Working as Visualizing
a team ideas
Brainstorming
 8 Rules
• Write down your own statement on a card.
• Write only one idea on a card.
• Make your statement specific.
• Express your statement in a concise sentence.
• Stick to the facts and avoid abstractions and
generalizations.
• Make it a rule to write cards before beginning
discussions.
• Do not remove a card from the board before a
consensus is obtained.
• Do not ask who wrote a particular card.
 7 Steps in PP
Analysis Stage

Stakeholders Problems Objectives

Analysis Analysis Analysis

We are
practicing by Project
this stage. Selection
Planning Stage

PDM Appraisal Plan of

Operation
Working together
STEP1 Stakeholders Analysis
Identify the issues, problems, and current
conditions of the target area through
analyzing the area and local residents
targeted for assistance, related groups,
related organizations and agencies.
Focus on people and organization.

Tentatively select a target group.

 STEP2 Problems Analysis
Problems Analysis visually represents the
causes and effects of existing problems in
the project area, in the form of a Problem
Tree. It clarifies the relationships among
the identified problems.
 STEP3 Objectives Analysis
Objective Analysis clarifies the means-
ends relationship between the desirable
situation that would be attained one
problems have been solved and the
solution for attaining it. This stage also
requires an Objective Tree.
 STEP4 Project Selection
Project Selection is a process in which
specific project strategies are selected
from among the objectives and means
raised in Objectives Analysis, based upon
selection criteria.
 STEP5 Formation of the PDM
The project design Matrix (PDM) is formed
through elaborating the major project
components and plans based on the
approach selected. The format of PDM is
similar to that of the Logical Framework,
and therefore can be commonly used
worldwide.
 STEP6 PDM Appraisal
The PDM Appraisal is conducted by an aid
agency to ensure the project plan. It is
composed of the following stage:
(1) Examination of the details of the PDM
elements; (2) review of the PDM formation
process; (3) examination from the
perspective of the five evaluation criteria.
 STEP7 Plan of Operations
The Plan of Operation is prepared by the
project implementers, based on the PDM
and other information. It is an effective
tool for project implementation and
management, and provides important data
for monitoring and evaluation of the
project.
 Rules for Writing Problems
• Write in a Sentence.
Make Clear “Subject and Object”.
2. Avoid “No Solution”.
• Avoid Generalization.– Be Specific.
• Don’t Write a Cause and Effect in One
Card.
• Be Specific Whose problem.
 Example: Format of Plan of Operation
Activities Expected Schedule Person in Implementer Materials Cost Remarks
Results Charge and
Equipment

1-1
1-1-1
1-1-2

2-1
2-1-1
2-1-2
Monitoring and Evaluation
The Five Evaluation Criteria

3. Efficiency
4. Effectiveness
5. Impact
6. Relevance
7. Sustainability
• Efficiency
The productivity in project implementation. The degree to which Inputs
have been converted into Outputs.

• Effectiveness
The degree to which the Project Purpose has been achieved by the
project Outputs.

• Impact
Positive and negative changes produced, directly or indirectly, as a
result of the Implementation of the project.

• Relevance
The validity of the Overall Goal and Project Purpose at the evaluation
stage.

• Sustainability
The durability of the benefits an and development effects produced by
the project after its completion.