Upper limb

levator scapulae
 Origin  transverse processes of C1-C4  Insertion  superior angle  Action  scapula elevation  downward rotation  Blood : transverse cervical artery  Nerve  nerves off cervical plexus, C3,4  dorsal scapular nerve, C5

trapezius
 Origin

occipital, spinous process(C-T12), ligamentum nuchae

 Insertion

acromion, clavicle, spine

 Action

scapula retraction (middle) elevation, upward rotation (upper) depression, upward rotation (lower)
 Blood : transverse cervical artery  Nerve : spinal accessory, ventral of C3-4

latissimus dorsi
 Origin  T7-iliac crest, 3-4ribs, inferior angle  Insertion  intertubercular groove  Action  shoulder adduction  extension  medial rotation  downward rotation (scapula)  Blood : thoracodorsal artery  Nerve : thoracodorsal nerve, C6,7,8

rhomboideus minor/major
 Origin  spinous process of C7 & T1  spinous processes of T2-T5  Insertion  medial border, spine  Action  scapula retraction  downward rotation  Blood  transverse cervical artery  dorsal scapular artery  Nerve  dorsal scapular nerve, C5, [C4]

pectoralis major
 Origin  clavicle, sternum, cartilages  Insertion  Intertubercular groove  Action  shoulder adduction, medially rotation  horizontal adduction, flexion, extension  Blood  thoracoacromial artery  lateral thoracic artery  Nerve  lateral pectoral nerve, C5,6,7  medial pectoral nerve, C8,T1

pectoralis minor
 Origin  ribs 3-5  Insertion  coracoid process  Action  scapula depression  downward rotation, protraction  stabilizes the scapula  Blood  lateral thoracic artery  Nerve  medial pectoral nerve, C8,T1

serratus anterior
 Origin  upper 1~8 ribs  Insertion  medial border  Action  scapula protraction  upward rotation  stabilize scapula  Blood  lateral thoracic artery  thoracodorsal artery  Nerve  long thoracic nerve, C5,6,7

subclavius
 Origin  1 rib  Insertion  lower surface of clavicle  Action  stabilizing clavicle  Blood  thoracoacromial artery  Nerve  nerve to the subclavius, C5,6

deltoid
 Origin  clavicle, acromion, spine  Insertion  deltoid tuberosity  Action  shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation  abduction  extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation  Blood  humeral circumflex artery  thoracoacromial artery  Nerve  axillary nerve, C5,6

subscapularis
 Origin  subscapular fossa  Insertion  lesser tubercle  Action  shoulder medial rotation  stabilizes the shoulder joint  Blood  subscapular artery  Nerve  subscapular nerves, C5,6

supraspinatus
 Origin  supraspinous fossa  Insertion  greater tubercle  Action  shoulder abduction  stabilizes the shoulder joint  Blood  suprascapular artery

(poorly supplied)  Nerve  suprascapular nerve, C5,6

infraspinatus
 Origin  infraspinous fossa  Insertion  greater tubercle  Action

external rotation  stabilizes the shoulder joint  Blood  suprascapular artery  scapular circumflex artery  Nerve  suprascapular nerve, C5,6


shoulder

teres major
 Origin  Inferior angle  Insertion  lesser tubercle(bicipital)  Action  shoulder adduction  medial rotation  extension  Blood  thoracodorsal artery  Nerve  lower subscapular nerve, C5,6

teres minor
 Origin  axillary border  Insertion  greater tubercle  Action  shoulder lateral rotation  stabilizes the shoulder joint  Blood  scapular circumflex artery  Nerve  axillary nerve, C5,6

Coracobrachialis
 Origin: coracoid process  Insertion: medial shaft (humerus)  Action:  shoulder flexion  assists to adduction  Blood: brachial artery  Nerve: C5,6,7

Biceps brachii
Origin y long : supraglenoid tubercle y short : coracoid process Insertion y radial tuberosity Action y elbow flexion y supination y stabilizes the shoulder y shoulder flexion (weak if at all) Blood: brachial artery Nerve: C5,6

brachialis
 Origin:  1/2 of anterior humerus  Insertion:  ulnar tuberosity  Action: elbow flexion  Blood:  brachial artery  radial recurrent artery  Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve, C5,6

brachioradialis
 Origin:  lateral supracondylar  Insertion:  styloid process of radius  Action:  elbow flexion  pronates the forearm when supinated  supinates the forearm when pronated  Blood: radial recurrent artery  Nerve: radial nerve, C5,6

triceps brachii
 Origin  long : intraglenoid tubercle  lateral / medial : radial groove(above/below)  Insertion  olecranon process  Action  long : elbow extension, shoulder extension  lateral / medial : elbow extension  Blood  brachial artery  superior ulnar collateral artery  profunda brachii artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7

anconeus
 Origin  lateral epicondyle  Insertion  olecranon process  Action  elbow extension  supports the elbow when in full extension  Blood  middle collateral artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C7,8

pronator teres
 Origin  medial epicondyle  ulnar head  Insertion  lateral aspect of radius  Action  pronation  weakly flexes the elbow  Blood  ulnar / radial artery  Nerve  median nerve, C6,7

pronator quadratus
 Origin  distal of anterior ulna  Insertion  distal of anterior radius  Action  pronation  Blood  radial artery, interosseous artery  Nerve  median nerve, C8,T1

supinator
 Origin  lateral epicondyle of humerus  supinator crest of ulna  radial collateral ligament  Insertion  anteriorlateral surface of the radius  Action  supinates the forearm  Blood  radial recurrent artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6

flexor carpi radialis

 Origin  medial epicondyle  Insertion  base of the 2nd-3rd metacarpals  Action  wrist flexion  radial deviation  assist to pronation  Blood  muscular branches of radial artery  Nerve  median nerve, C6,7

flexor carpi ulnaris

 Origin  medial epicondyle  Insertion  pisiform & hamate  base of the 5th metacarpal  Action  wrist flexion  ulnar deviation  stabilizes wrist  Blood  muscular branches of ulnar artery  Nerve  ulnar nerve, C8,T1

palmaris longus
 Origin  medial epicondyle  Insertion  palmar aponeurosis  Action  wrist flexion  Blood  muscular branches of ulnar artery  Nerve  median nerve, C6,7

flexor digitorum superficialis

 Origin  ulnar / radial head, medial epicondyle  Insertion  2-5 middle phalanges  Action  flexion of 2-5 (PIP)  flexes the wrist if fingers are extended  Blood  muscular branches of ulnar/ radial artery  Nerve  median nerve, C7,8,T1

flexor digitorum profundus

 Origin  middle of anterior ulna  interosseous membrane  Insertion  2-5 distal phalanges  Action  flexion of 2-2 (DIP)  Blood  ulnar / radial artery  anterior interosseous artery  Nerve  ulnar nerve, C8,T1, median nerve, C8,T1

flexor pollicis longus

 Origin  middle of anterior radius  interosseous membrane  Insertion  distal phalanges of thumb  Action  flexion of thumb at IP joint  Blood  radial artery, interosseous artery  Nerve  median nerve, C8,T1

extensor carpi radialis longus

 Origin  lateral epicondyle  Insertion  base of 2nd metacarpal  Action  wrist extension  radial deviation  Blood  radial artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C5,6

extensor carpi radialis brevis

 Origin  lateral epicondyle  Insertion  base of 3rd metacarpal  Action  wrist extension  radial deviation  Blood  radial artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7

extensor digitorum
 Origin  lateral epicondyle  Insertion  base of 2-5 middle / distal phalanges  Action  extension of 2-5 (MP)  extends the wrist if fingers flexed  Blood  posterior interosseous artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7,8

extensor digitorum minimi

 Origin  lateral epicondyle  Insertion  base of 5th middle / distal phalanges  Action  extension of 5th (MP)  Blood  posterior interosseous artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7,8

extensor carpi ulnaris

 Origin  lateral epicondyle  Insertion  base of the 5th metacarpal  Action  wrist extension  ulnar deviation  Blood  posterior interosseous artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7,8

abductor pollicis longus

 Origin  posterior surfaces of ulna and radius  Insertion  lateral aspect of base of 1st metacarpal  Action  abducts the 1st metacarpal  assists to extend & rotate the thumb  radially deviates the hand at the wrist  flexes the hand at the wrist  Blood  posterior interosseous artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7,8

extensor pollicis brevis

 Origin  posterior surfaces of radius  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of thumb  Action  extends the proximal phalanx

& 1st metacarpal of the thumb  radially deviates the hand at the wrist  Blood  posterior interosseous artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7,8

extensor pollicis longus

 Origin  posterior surfaces of ulna  Insertion  distal phalanx of thumb  Action  extends distal phalanx of thumb  extends proximal phalanx of thumb  assists to extend the hand at the wrist  Blood  posterior interosseous artery  Nerve  radial nerve, C6,7,8

extensor indicis
 Origin  posterior surfaces of ulna  Insertion  base of middle and distal phalanx

of the index finger  Action  extends the 2nd digit  adducts the 2nd digit  assists to extend the hand at the wrist  stabilizes MP joint for flexion of IP solely  Blood : posterior interosseous artery  Nerve : radial nerve, C6,7,8

abductor pollicis brevis

 Origin  flexor retinaculum, trapezium  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of the thumb  Action  thumb abduction  assist to flex the thumb  assist to extend the thumb  Blood : radial artery  Nerve : median nerve, C8,T1

flexor pollicis brevis

 Origin  flexor retinaculum, trapezium  trapezoid, capitate  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of the thumb  Action  thumb flexion (MP)  Blood : radial artery  Nerve : median nerve, C8,T1

opponens pollicis
 Origin  flexor retinaculum  Insertion  lateral shaft of 1st metacarpal  Action  opposition of thumb  Blood  radial artery  Nerve  median nerve, C8,T1

abductor pollicis
 Origin  base of 1st, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals  carpal tunnel  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of the thumb  Action  thumb adduction  assist to flex the thumb  Blood : radial artery  Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1

abductor digiti minimi

 Origin  pisiform  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit  Action  5th digit abduction  assists to flex the 5th digit  assist in extension of 5th digit  Blood : ulnar artery  Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1

flexor digiti minimi brevis

 Origin  flexor retinaculum  hamate  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of the 5th digit  Action  flexes the 5th digit  Blood : ulnar artery  Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1

oppenens digiti minimi

 Origin  distal border of flexor retinaculum  hamate  Insertion  medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal  Action  opposition of 5th digit  Blood : ulnar artery  Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1

lumbricales
 Origin  tendon of flexor digitorum profundus  Insertion  extensor hood of digits 2-5  Action  flexes the fingers (MP joints)  extention of fingers PIP & DIP  Blood : palmar metacarpal artery  Nerve : median/ulnar nerve, C8,T1

interossei palmares
 Origin  from the side of the metacarpal  Insertion  proximal phalanx of the digit of origin  Action  adducts the fingers(2, 4, 5th)  assists lumbricals  Blood : palmar metacarpal artery  Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1

interossei dorsales
 Origin  between each metacarpal  Insertion  base of the proximal phalanx  Action  abduction of 2, 3, 4, 5th fingers  assists lumbricals  Blood : palmar metacarpal artery  Nerve : ulnar nerve, C8,T1

Lower limb

iliopsoas
 Origin  inner surface of upper iliac fossa  transverse processes of L1-L5  vertebral bodies of T12-L4  Insertion  lesser trochanter  Action  hip flexion  lateral rotation  Blood : medial femoral circumflex artery  Nerve : femoral nerve, L3,4 / ventral rami, L1,2,3

gluteus maximus
 Origin  ilium / posterior sacrum  superior gluteal line  Insertion  IT band / gluteal tuberosity  Action  hip extension  hip lateral rotation  assist hip abduction (upper)  IT band stabilize a fully extended knee  Blood : gluteal artery  Nerve : inferior gluteal nerve, L5,S1,2v

gluteus medius
 Origin  iliac crest  between superior & middle gluteal lines  Insertion  greater trochanter  Action  hip abduction  medial rotation (anterior)  stabilizes the pelvis  prevents free limb during gait  Blood : superior gluteal artery  Nerve : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1

gluteus minimus
 Origin  between middle & inferior gluteal lines  Insertion  greater trochanter  Action  hip abduction  medial rotation  Nerve : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1  Blood : superior gluteal artery

sartorius
 Origin  anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)  Insertion  upper medial shaft of tibia  Action  flexes hip and knee  laterally rotates thigh if flexed at the hip  Blood  femoral artery  descending genicular artery  Nerve  femoral nerve, L2,3

tensor fasciae latae

 Origin  iliac crest (anterior)  anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)  Insertion  IT band (lateral condyle)  Action  knee extension  assist hip flexion, medial rotation, abduction  support femur on the tibia during standing  Blood : gluteal artery / femoral artery  Nerve : superior gluteal nerve, L4,5,S1

rectus femoris
 Origin  anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)  upper margin of acetabulum  Insertion  tibial tuberosity  Action  knee extension  hip flexion  Blood : lateral femoral circumflex artery  Nerve : femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

vastus lateralis
 Origin  greater trochanter  linea aspera  Insertion  tibial tuberosity  Action  knee extension  Blood : lateral femoral circumflex artery  Nerve : femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

vastus intermidius
 Origin  anterior & lateral femoral shaft  Insertion  tibial tuberosity  Action  extends knee  Blood  lateral femoral circumflex artery  Nerve
 femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

vastus medialis
 Origin  linea aspera  Insertion  tibial tuberosity  Action  knee extension  Blood  descending genicular artery  femoris artery  Nerve  femoral nerve, [L2],3,4v

biceps femoris
 Origin  ischial tuberosity / linea aspera  Insertion  head of fibula (lateral condyle)  Action  knee flexion (short head)  hip extension (long head)  laterally rotation (if flexed at the knee)  Blood : gluteal artery  Nerve  tibial nerve, L5,S1,2  common peroneal nerve, L5,S1

semitendinosus
 Origin  ischial tuberosity  Insertion  antreior porximal tibial shaft  Action  hip extension  knee flexion  medial rotation of flexed knee  Blood  gluteal artery  branches of profunda femoris  Nerve  tibial nerve of sciatic bundle, L5,S1,2

Semimembranosus
 Origin  ischial tuberosity  Insertion  posterior medial tibial condyle  Action  hip extension  knee flexion  medial rotation of flexed knee  pulls medial meniscus posterior during flexion  Blood  gluteal artery  branches of profunda femoris  Nerve : tibial nerve of sciatic bundle, L5,S1,2

pectineus
 Origin  anterior pubis  Insertion  between lesser trochanter & linea aspera  Action  hip flexion  assist adduction & medial rotation  Blood : medial femoral circumflex artery  Nerve : femoral nerve L3,4 obturator nerve L2,3,4

adductor brevis
 Origin  anterior pubis  Insertion  linea aspera (posterior)  Action  hip adduction  assist flexion & medial rotation  Blood  femoral artery  Nerve  obturator nerve L2,3,4

adductor longus
 Origin  anterior pubis  Insertion  linea aspera  Action  hip adduction  assist flexion & medial rotation  Blood  femoral artery  Nerve  obturator nerve L2,3,4

adductor magnus
 Origin  pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity  Insertion  linea aspera, adductor tubercle  Action  hip adduction  assist flexion (anterior)  assist extension (posterior)  Blood  femoral artery  Nerve  obturator nerve L2,3,4 / tibial nerve

gracilis
 Origin  pubic ramus  Insertion  medial proximal tibia  Action  hip adduction  assist knee flexion  Blood  obturator artery  Nerve  obturator nerve L2,3,4

deep external rotators

# piriformis # gemellus superior # gemellus inferior # obturator internus # obtruator externus # quadratus femoris

deep external rotators

 Origin  sacrum (anterior), ischium  obturator foramen  Insertion  greater trochanter  Action  hip lateral rotation  Nerve : sacral plexus  Blood

popliteus
 Origin  lateral femoral epicondyle  Insertion  posterior tibial surface  Action  insertion fixed: laterally rotates femur on tibia  origin fixed: medially rotates tibia on femur  Blood : peroneal artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2

gastrocnemius
 Origin  medial / lateral epicondyle  Insertion  calcaneus via tendo Achilles  Action  ankle plantarflexion  assist knee flexion (when not weight bearing)  stabilizes ankle & knee when standing  Blood : popliteal / peroneal / posterior tibial artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, S1,2

soleus
 Origin  upper fibula  soleal line of tibia  Insertion  calcaneus via tendo Achilles  Action  ankle plantarflexion  Blood : popliteal / peroneal / tibial artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, S1,2

tibialis anterior
 Origin  anteriolateral shaft of tibia  interosseous membrane  Insertion  base of 1st metatarsal  medial(1st) cuneiform  Action  strongest dorsiflexor  inverts & adducts the foot  Blood : anterior tibial artery  Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

posterior tibialis
 Origin  posterior tibia & fibula  Insertion  navicular / 3 cuneiforms / cuboid  bases of 2-4 metatarsals  Action  inversion  assists plantar flexion  stabilizes ankle  prevents hyperpronation while in gait  Blood : peroneal / tibial artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1

peroneus longus
 Origin  lateral surface of fibula  Insertion  base of 1st metatarsal  1st cuneiform  Action  eversion & abduction  assists plantar flexion  Blood : peroneal artery  Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

peroneus brevis
 Origin  lateral surface of fibula  Insertion  base of 5th metatarsal  Action  eversion & abduction  assists plantar flexion  Blood : peroneal artery  Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

peroneus tertius
 Origin  anterior distal fibula  Insertion
 base of 5th metatarsal

 Action  assist eversion  assist dorsiflexion  Blood : anterior tibial artery  Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

plantaris
 Origin  lateral epicondyle of femur  Insertion  calcaneus via tendo Achilles  Action  assists plantar flexin  assits knee flexion  Blood : popliteal / peroneal / tibial artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, S1,2

extensor digitorum longus

 Origin  lateral condyle  upper anterior surface of fibula  Insertion  2nd-5th middle phalanges  2nd-5th distal phalanges  Action  2-5 toe extension  assist dorsiflexion & eversion  Blood : anterior tibial artery  Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

extensor hallucis longus

 Origin  medial aspect of the fibula  interosseous membrane  Insertion  base of distal phalanx of hallux  Action  extension of big toe  assist dorsiflexion  assist inversion & adduction  Blood : anterior tibial artery  Nerve : deep peroneal nerve, L4,5,S1

flexor digitorum longus

 Origin  posterior surface of tibia  Insertion  plantar surface of bases of the 2-5th distal phalanges  Action  primarily flexes 2nd - 5th toes  weak plantarflexor  weak inversion & adduction of foot  Blood : peroneal / tibial artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1

flexor hallucis longus

 Origin  posterior fibula  Insertion  distal phalanges of hallux  Action  big toe flexion  assist plantar flexion  assists inversion & adduction  Blood : peroneal / tibial artery  Nerve : tibial nerve, L5,S1,2

extensor hallucis brevis

 Origin  anterior calcaneus  Insertion
 base of 1st phalanges

 Action
 hallux extension

 Blood : dorsalis pedis artery  Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5

extensor digitorum brevis

 Origin  anterior calcaneus  Insertion
 extensor expansion

of 2-4 toes
 Action
 aids extension of 4 medial toes

 Blood : dorsalis pedis artery  Nerve : peroneal nerve, L4,5

abductor hallucis
 Origin  calcaneal tuberosity  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx 1  Action  flexion (big toe at MP)  abduction (big toe at MP)  Blood : medial plantar artery  Nerve :  medial plantar nerve, L5,S1

flexor digitorum brevis

 Origin  calcaneal tuberosity  Insertion  middle phalanges of 2-5  Action  flexes toes 2-5 (PIP)  Blood : medial plantar artery  Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1

abductor digiti minimi

 Origin  calcaneal tuberosity  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx (5)  Action  abduction (5th toe at MP)  flexion (5th toe at MP)  lood : lateral plantar artery  Nerve B: plantar nerve, L5,S1

quadratus plantae
 Origin  calcaneus  Insertion  tendon of flexor digitorum longus  Action  assists FDL in flexion  Blood : lateral plantar artery  Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1

lumbricales
 Origin  tendons of FDL  Insertion  extensor tendons of EDL  Action  flexion of MP joint  extension of DIP & PIP  Blood  plantar artery  Nerve  plantar nerve, L5,S1

flexor hallucis brevis

 Origin  cuneiform  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of 1st  Action  flexion of MP (big toe)  Blood : medial plantar artery  Nerve  medial plantar nerve, L5,S1

adductor hallucis
 Origin  base of 2nd-4th metatarsals  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of 1st  Action  adduction (big toe at MP)  flexion (big toe at MP)  Blood : plantar artery  Nerve : lateral plantar nerve, S1,2

flexor digiti minimi brevis

 Origin  cuboid, base 5th metatarsal  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx of 5th  Action  flexion (5th toe at MP)  abducts (5th toe at MP)  Blood : lateral plantar artery  Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1

dorsal interosssei
 Origin  between metatarsals  Insertion  base of proximal phalanx (2-4)  Action  abduction of toes 2-4 at MP  Blood : lateral plantar arch  Nerve : lateral plantar nerve S1,2

plantar interosssei
 Origin  medial aspect of 3-5 metatarsals  Insertion
 base of proximal phalanx (3-5)

 Action
 adduction toes 3-5

 Blood : lateral plantar arch  Nerve : plantar nerve, L5,S1

Trunk muscle

Splenius capitis
 Origin  ligament nuchae  Spinous process of C7~T3  Insertion
 Occipital bone  Mastoid process

 Action
 Neck extension, rotation

 Nerve : C-nerves (post. Branch)

Splenius cervicis
 Origin  Spinous process of T3~T6  Insertion
 Transverse process of C1~C3

 Action
 Neck extension, rotation  Trunk extension

 Nerve : C-nerves (post. Branch)

Serratus posterior superior

 Origin  ligament nuchae  Spinous process of C7~T2  Insertion
 2~5th ribs (cranial board)

 Action
 Raise the ribcage

 Nerve : 1~4 intercstal nerve

Serratus posterior inferior

 Origin  Spinous process of T11~L2  Insertion
 9~12th ribs (inferior board)

 Action
 pull the ribcage down

 Nerve : 9~12 intercstal nerve

Erector spinae

iliocostalis
 Origin  Thoracolumbar aponeurosis  Posterior ribs  Insertion
 Posterior ribs  Transverse process of cervical vertebra

 Action
 Spine extension, lateral flexion

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Longissimus
 Origin  Thoracolumbar aponeurosis  Transverse process of cervical & thoracic vertebra  Insertion
 Mastoid process  Transverse process of cervical & thoracic vertebra

 Action
 Spine extension, lateral flexion

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Spinalis
 Origin  Ligamentum nuchae  Spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebra  Insertion
 Occipital bone  spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebra

 Action
 Spine extension, lateral flexion

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Semispinalis
 Origin  T.P of cervical & thoracic  Insertion
 S.P of cervical & thoracic

 Action
 Spine extension  Rotation opposite side

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Multifidus
 Origin  Sacrum, PSIS  Transverse process of vertebra  Insertion
 Spinous process of vertebra

 Action
 Spine extension  Rotation opposite side

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Rotatores
 Origin  Transverse process of vertebra  Insertion
 Lamina  Spinous process of vertebra

 Action
 Spine extension  Rotation opposite side

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Interspinalis
 Origin  spinous processes  Insertion
 Spinous processes one above

 Action
 Spine extension

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Intertransversarii
 Origin  Transverse processes  Insertion
 Transverse processes one above

 Action
 Spine lateral flexion

 Nerve : spinal nerve (post. Branch)

Quadratus lumborum
 Origin  Posterior iliac crest  Insertion
 12th rib  Transverse process of lumbar

 Action
 Trunk lateral flexion  Raise hip

 Nerve : T12, L1

Rectus abdominis
 Origin  5, 6, 7 costal cartilage  Insertion
 Pubic symphysis

 Action
 Trunk flexion 

 Nerve : 7~12 intercostal nerve

Transverse abdominalis
 Origin  Inguinal ligament, iliac crest  Thoracolumbar aponeurosis  Insertion
 Abdominal aponeurosis, pubis

 Action :  Nerve
 7~12 intercostal nerve  L1 (iliohypogastric N., ilioinguinal N.)

External oblique
 Origin :Lower 8th rib  Insertion
 Iliac crest  Abdominal aponeurosis

 Action
 Trunk flexion, rotation opposite side  Lateral flexion

 Nerve : 8~12 intercostal nerve

L1 (iliohypogatric N., ilioinguinal N.)

Internal oblique
 Origin  inguinal ligament  Anterior iliac crest  Insertion  9~12th rib costal cartilage  Abdominal aponeurosis  Action  Trunk flexion, rotation opposite side  Lateral flexion  Nerve : 8~12 intercostal nerve L1 (iliohypogatric N., ilioinguinal N.)

scalenes
 Origin  Transverse process of cervical  Insertion
 1st , 2nd rib

 Action
 Elevate ribs(inspiration)  Neck lateral flexion

 Nerve
 C6~C8

Temporalis
 Origin  Temporal bone  Insertion
 Mandible (coronoid process)

 Action
 Elevate mandible

 Nerve : trigeminal nerve

Masseter
 Origin  Zygomatic arch  Insertion
 Mandible (lateral ramus)

 Action
 Elevate mandible

 Nerve : trigeminal nerve

Facial muscle

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Galea aponeurosis Frontal belly Corrugator supercilii Orbicularis oculi Procerus Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Nassalis Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor Zygomaticus major Levator anguli oris Buccinator Parotid duct Masseter Orbicularis oris Risorius Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Mentalis Platysma

Nerve

dermatomes

Cervical plexus

Brachial plexus

Lumbar & sacral plexus

olfactory nerve optic nerve oculomotor nerve trochlear nerve trigeminal nerve abducens nerve facial nerve vestibulocochlear nerve glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve accessory nerve hypoglossal nerve , , , , , , , ( , ) , 2/3 , ,

superior midbrain superior midbrain midbrain midbrain pons pons pons pons medulla oblongata medulla oblongata medulla oblongata medulla oblongata

Spinal tract

1. Posterior funiculus 2. Posterior spinocerebellar tract 3. Anterior spinocerebellar tract 4. Lateral spinothalamic tract 5. Spinotectal tract 6. Anterior spinothalamic tract 7. Spino-olivary tract 8. Medial longitudinal fasciculus 9. Anterior corticospinal tract 10. Pontine reticulospinal tract 11. Tectospinal tract 12. Vestibulospinal tract 13. Medullary reticulospinal tract 14. Rubrospinal tract 15. Lateral corticospinal tract

ROM Test Test

q (SA) Shoulder Flex. Shoulder exten. Shoulder abd. Shoulder add. Shoulder int. rot. Shoulder ext. rot. Elbow flex. 0~180 0~50 0~180 0~40 0~90 0~90 0~145 Humerus Radius Acromion Humerus Acromion process (MA) (Axis)

Ulna

Olecranon process

Elbow joint

q (SA) Forearm pronation Forearm supination Wrist flex. Wrist exten. Wrist abd. Wrist add. 0~80 0~85 0~80 radius 0~70 0~40 0~45 (MA) Styloid process q carpal joint : 2nd metacarpal Bone (Axis)

Styloid process

Radial styloid

Forearm

3rd metacarpal

Wrist join middle

q (SA) 0~125(knee flex.) 0~90(knee exten.) 0~10 0~45 0~40 0~45 0~45 Knee 90 patella ASIS Thigh (MA) (Axis)

hip Flex.

Trunk

Femur

Greater trochanter

hip exten. hip abd. hip add. hip int. rot. hip ext. rot.

ASIS

Tibial shaft middle

patella

q (SA) Greater trochanter lat. Condyle (MA) Fibular head malleolus (Axis)

Knee flex

0~140

Knee joint

Ankle dorsiflex. Ankle plantarflex. Foot eversion Foot inversion

0~20 0~45 0~20

Fibula

5th metatarsal Bone

Ankle joint

Leg 0~40

Calcaneus

malleolus

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.