Types of Tankers

Crude Oil OBO Products Chemicals Specialty Cargos LPG/LNG

Types of Crude Tankers

  

ULCC > 300,000 dwt VLCC VLCC >160,000 dwt SUEZMAX Largest vessel that will pass through the Suez Canal Loaded. Holds about 1 million bbls. AframaxAframax- Associated freight rate tariff. About 80,000 dwt 500,000 bbls. PanamaxPanamax- 105 foot beam, largest size that will pass through Panama Canal. (not necessarily a crude carrier.)

Hull Types
    

Type I, II, III Protective Ballast Double Sides Double Bottom Double Hull

Cargo Measurement


UllageUllage- Distance from a reference point on deck to the top of the liquid. InnageInnage- Distance from Bottom of Tank to top of Liquid. Gross Barrels- The Volume contained Barrelsin a tank that is not corrected for temperature.

Survey Terms
  

ROBROB- Remain on Board OBQOBQ- On Board Quantity WedgeWedge- Area of liquid at the back of a tank that is nearly empty. There is an API Formula to Calculate this amount of Liquid. BS&WBS&W- Bottom Sediment and Water, This applies to Crude Oil and is subtracted from the GSV to obtain NSV.

Metritape Tank Gauge

Gauging
     

Open Gauging (on deck) Floating Tapes (on deck) Electrical Resistance (remotely read) MMC (on deck) Hermetic (on deck) Saab Radar System (remotely read)

Cargo Measurement
  

1 barrel is 42 gallons 1 cubic meter is 6.2898 barrels Ullages are taken and corrected for list & trim to determine Gross Barrels in a tank Temperatures and api Gravity are then used to determine a Volume

Correction Factor to correct the

Gross Barrels to Net Barrels at 60 degrees F.

API Procedures for Temperatures



Temperatures must be taken at 3 levels in each tank that is full. Upper, Middle, Lower. Slack Tanks that are less than full, one temperature at the midpoint of the cargo is sufficient.

Volume Correction Factor

  

VCF for Crude Oils is API Table 6A VCF for Products is API Table 6B VCF for NLS such as MTBE is API Table 6C

Volume Correction Factor



Note that other tables exist such as 54B which use VCFs based on 15 degrees centigrade.

Cargo Transfers


The safe transfer of dangerous liquids between vessels and terminals requires that the safety of personnel, environment and equipment be foremost in everyone's mind.

Information on Cargos


 

International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code (IMO) Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS) Chemical Data Guide, CG 388 (US Coast Guard) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Manufactures/Distributors (CDI)

Determining Tonnages of Cargo



Net Barrels at 60 degrees F are multiplied by the Long Tons per Barrel for that api Gravity. This is Contained in API Table 11.

Stability Calculations


Tonnages are then used to determine stability calculations for the vessel.