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a vital part of an operating system. a method, by which hierarchical data can be accessed, organized, navigated, stored and retrieved in form of files and folders. a piece of code which helps in maintenance of logical data structures residing on storage subsystems.
Functions
Efficient use of disk space. Efficient organization of data for quick storage and retrieval. Basic file operations like copy, move, create, delete and rename. Provision to boot up file system. also provide additional functions such as compression, encryption & file streams.
a file system designed for storage of files on a data storage device, which might be directly or indirectly connected to the computer.
Our area of interest is to study and compare the features of FAT 32 AND EXT3 disk file systems.
The name originates from the usage of a table which centralizes the information about:
which areas belong to files. which areas are free or possibly unusable. where each file is stored on the disk
To limit the size of table, disk space is allocated to files in contiguous groups of hardware sectors called clusters.
As disk drives evolved, the maximum no. of clusters dramatically increased. So the number of bits used to identify each cluster has also grown. Successive versions of FAT format are named after number of table element bits: 12, 16, and 32.
All versions are backward compatible.
FAT 32
Design overview
Reserved sectors FAT Region Data region
content s
Boot sector
FS Informatio n Sector
Size in sectors
located at the very beginning. The first reserved sector (sector 0) is Boot Sector (aka Partition Boot Record). includes an area called the BIOS Parameter Block and contains operating system's boot loader code. Total count of reserved sectors is indicated by a field inside Boot Sector.
Important information from Boot Sector is accessible through an OS structure called Drive Parameter Block in DOS and OS/2.
Reserved sectors also include: a File System Information Sector at sector 1 a Backup Boot Sector at Sector 6.
These are maps of Data Region, indicating which clusters are used by files and directories.
The extra copy is rarely used, even by disk repair utilities.
This is where the actual file and directory data is stored. Size of files and subdirectories can be increased by adding more links to file's chain in the FAT.
Features
Small clusters are used resulting in saving valuable disk spaces. Drives formatted with FAT32 are less failure prone and are quite robust FAT32 is flexible and supports dynamic resizing. boot sectors are automatically backed up to other locations reducing changes of single point failures.
Disadvantages
Windows OS can only format FAT32 volume which is of size up to 32 GB during installation. Cluster size cannot be increased for making it use clusters less than 65,527. No inbuilt compression and system security. Maximum supported file size is 4 GB which is very less compared to the present day growth of data.
uses it to reconstruct or repair file systems after situations like kernel crash or power failure. time required to repair the file systems depends on size of the journal rather than that of the file.
The
Features
supports up to 16TB as the size for the file system provides larger directory indexing by Hashed Index Tree mechanism considered safer than other Linux file systems due to its relative simplicity and wider testing base.
Disadvantages
Doesnt have a defragmentation tool ext3 fills in zero with respect to pointer positions in inodes of deleted files making recovery of those files impossible. Doesnt provide transparent compression. accidental modification or corruption of
Storage Limits
Maximum filename length 255 bytes 255 UTF-16 code units with LFN Maximum file size 16 GB to 2 TB 4 GB Maximum volume size 2 TB to 32 TB 512 MB to 8 TB
File System
ext3 fat32
File Systems
ext3 fat32
no yes
yes no
no no
yes no
ext3
fat32
yes
no
no
no
no
no
Allocation Strategy
Variable Extents Block Size Allocate-on- Sparse flush Files Transparent compression
File Systems
ext3 fat32
no no
no no
no no
yes no
no no
Allocation Strategies
ext3
fat32
ext3 file system supports higher storage capacities with higher storage limits, it records a lot of metadata to track all disk activities , and it has most of the efficient allocation strategies when compared to fat32 file systems .
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