HYDROCEPHALUS DRUGS

ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX) - noncompetitve reversible inhibitor of enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the reaction between water and carbon dioxide, resulting in protons and carbonate - contributes to decreasing CSF secretion by choroid plexus

HYDROCEPHALUS DRUGS
ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)
Indication: - used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma and as a diuretic. Acetazolamide may also be used in the treatment of hydrocephalus, refractory seizures, epilepsy, and altitude sickness. It is also use to treat secondary metabolic alkalosis.

HYDROCEPHALUS DRUGS
ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)
Mechanism of Action: As a diuretic, acetazolamide initiates competitive, reversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, which results in increased renal excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water. Acetazolamide also inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the central nervous system, thus, reducing discharges from central nervous system neurons.

HYDROCEPHALUS DRUGS
ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)
Pharmacokinetics: - Onset of action of 2 minutes after I.V. injection, 1 to 2 hours after tablet ingestion, and 2 hours after extended-release capsule administration - Duration of action: 4 to 5 hours if administered I.V., 8 to 12 hours after a tablet, and 18 to 24 hours after an extended-release capsule.

HYDROCEPHALUS DRUGS
ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)

Assessment Observe for signs of hypokalemia (muscle weakness, malaise, fatigue, ECG changes, vomiting) Assess for allergy to sulfonamides Intraocular Pressure Assess for eye discomfort or decrease in visual acuity Seizures Monitor neurologic status in patients receiving acetazolamide for seizures. Initiate seizure precautions , bilirubin, uric acid, urine urobilinogen, and calcium. May urine citrate

HYDROCEPHALUS DRUGS
ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)

Assessment Observe for signs of hypokalemia (muscle weakness, malaise, fatigue, ECG changes, vomiting) Assess for allergy to sulfonamides Intraocular Pressure Assess for eye discomfort or decrease in visual acuity Seizures Monitor neurologic status in patients receiving acetazolamide for seizures. Initiate seizure precautions Altitude Sickness Monitor for decrease in severity of symptoms (headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness, shortness of breath). Notify health care professional immediately if neurologic symptoms worsen or if patient becomes more dyspneic and rales or crackles develop Edema Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weight during therapy Lab Test Considerations Serum electrolytes, complete blood counts, and platelet counts should be evaluated initially and periodically throughout prolonged therapy. May cause potassium, bicarbonate, WBCs, and RBCs. May cause serum chloride May cause in serum and urine glucose; monitor serum and urine glucose carefully in diabetic patients May cause false-positive results for urine protein and 17-hydroxysteroid tests May cause blood ammonia, bilirubin, uric acid, urine urobilinogen, and