JOMOL S7 IT

JOSY A

INTRODUCTION
The 1G & 2G was intended primarily for voice transmission The 3G provides more additional

information than 2G 4G provides solution to remaining problems of 3G Give a wide variety of new services, from high quality voice to high definition video to high data rates channel

 4G wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide area coverage & high throughput Designed to include broadband wireless access
Not limited to cellular telephone

system

HISTORY

2G
1G

3G

4G

1G

Introduced in early 80s Based on analog technology Basic cellular structure of mobile technology Designed in the late 80s Based on digital GSM technology Circuit switched communication

2G
2.5G 3G

Data channels are optimized for packet data Access to Internet through mobile devices

Higher data rates , improvements over 2G Voice & Paging services

2G(1992)
Telephony services Local/National Roaming

Digital 9001800MHz

3G(2002) Digital 2 GHz

1G(1985) Analog 900MHz

Digital Technology International roaming Good quality speech Packet communication Higher data rates

Same services

Microcells & Macrocells Mobile Internet Flexible billing New frequency band provides wider bandwidth for multimedia services like teleconferencing , video chat etc

ABOUT 4G
Accessing Information anywhere anytime with a seamless connection
APPLICATION ADAPTABILITY &

BEING HIGHLY DYNAMIC are the main features 4G system will incorporate with 2G,3G and with Digital Broadcasting System Fully IP based Wireless Internet

Terminal Heterogeneity & Network Heterogeneity

Success of 4G will consists of these two
Terminal Heterogeneity refers to the different types of terminals in terms of display size, energy consumption, portability, weight, complexity etc. Network Heterogeneity is related to the increasing heterogeneity of wireless network due to the proliferation in the number of access technology available like UMTS, WiMAX, Wi-Fi & Bluetooth, etc.

 Heterogeneous wireless access network differ in terms of coverage, data rate and loss rate. Capabilities of the terminal will determine whether new services are to be provisioned. Concept is referred to as SERVICE PERSONALIZATION.

Limitations of 3G
Extension to higher data rates is difficult with CDMA to excessive interferences between services It is difficult to provide a full range of multirate services and performance requirements It is not a fully integrated system

DRIVERS TO 4G
Predominance of machine to machine communication
Location independent & e-business

application Privacy & security Dynamic networking & air interferences Improved coverage mechanism

 Extension of IP protocol to mobility & range of quality of services

Improved & dynamic spectrum

usage

KEY ELEMENTS OF 4G
Fully Converged services
Ubiquitous mobile access Diverse user device Autonomous networks Software dependency

TECHNOLOGIES USED
OFDM

SDR

UWB

ADAPTIVE MODULATI ON & POWER CONTROLL

MILLIME TER WIRELE SS

SCHUDUL ING AMONG USERS

LONG TERM POWER PREDIC TION

SMART ANTEN AS

1.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

It is a form of multi-carrier

modulation. Works by dividing the data stream for transmission into N multiple & parallel bit stream. Each of the parallel bit stream has a much lower bit rate than original.

Diagram for Transmission

RF Transmi tter

IP network

IFFT Making

IF Analog

OFDM transmitter

Modulation

ULTRA WIDE BAND

UWB transmitter spreads its signal over a wide portion of the RF spectrum. UWB signal is relatively secure against interference. Has the potential for very high rate

wireless broadband access and speed. Has immunity to multi path distortion & interference.

SMART ANTENNAS
Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) is a smart antenna system. MIMO represents space division multiplexing.
Signal transmitted by M antennas is

received by N antennas.

Features of smart antennas

Beam radio signals to follow the user

as they move. Allow the same frequency to be used for other users without worry of interference. Seamless handoff between access points. Transmission speed 32Mb/s at 62mph.

Long Term Power Prediction

Channels to different mobile users will fade independently.
Possible to distribute transmission

load among users. Time frequency grid constitutes of region of one time slot and several subcarriers. These regions are allocated to the different users.

Scheduling among users

Among sectors:

Time slots are allocated according to the traffic load in each sector. Among users: Distribute time-frequency regions among the users of each sector based on their current channel prediction.

Adaptive Modulation & Power Control

For every time slot, the time

frequency bins in the grid represents separate channel. For channels the maximum throughput can be calculated under a total average power constraints. The optimum strategy is to let user to transmit in each of the parallel channel.

Software Defined Radio

It is a multi-band, multi-standard base station and terminals.
In future terminals will adapt the air

interface. Easy for a manufacture to provide multi-standard, multi-band equipment with reduced development effort and cost.

FEATURES OF 4G
Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet etc.
High speed, high capacity and low

cost per bit. Global mobility, service portability. Seamless switching and variety of quality services. Better call admission control techniques.

APPLICATIONS
4G Car
Public Safety Sensors in public vehicles Cameras in traffic lights Multimedia-Video services Internet Browsing

MERITS
MAGIC : Mobile multimedia, Anywhere anytime, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless

solution, and Customized personal service. High speed and high capacity. Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.

 Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. Affordable cost.

DEMERITS
Battery usage is more. Need complicated hardware. Voice over multi-hop network is

likely to be an interesting problem because of the strict delay requirements of voice. A new IP protocol might be needed because of the variable QoS. services and the network should do better than best effort.

CONCLUSION
4G become commercially available in

2012 or above. Advantages in terms of coverage, bandwidth and power consumption. Future wireless systems will need to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users. 4g systems will be a miracle in the field of communication technology.