Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
COURSE STRUCTURE
2 LABS AND 1 CLASS SESSION PER WEEK Quizzes 10% Mid Term1&2 20% Projects 20%
Final 50%
CLASS RULES
Dont be late -1 for disturbing the class Will also include some class work from time to time SABA.PERVEZ@NU.EDU.PK
COURSE OBJECTIVES
A thorough understanding of a user-level view of IT, and its role in the society. The ability to use computers to enhance productivity, including effective use of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and Outlook. Good understanding of the worldwide web and internet applications. How IT helps organizations perform more effectively Alignment of IT and business strategy The risks and common pitfalls of IT implementations How e-business is shaping businesses.
COURSE BOOK
Main Text: Efraim Turban and Linda Volonino Information Technology for Management: Improving Performance in the Digital Economy.
Two
1A-6
Notebook computers
Small
portable computers Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds About 8 by 11 inches Typically as powerful as a desktop Can include a docking station
1A-7
Tablet computers
Newest development in portable computers Input is through a pen Run specialized versions of office products
Network servers
Centralized
computer All other computers connect Provides access to network resources Multiple servers are called server farms Often simply a powerful desktop
1A-9
Mainframes
Used in large organizations Handle thousands of users Users access through a terminal
Minicomputers
Called
midrange computers Power between mainframe and desktop Handle hundreds of users Used in smaller organizations Users access through a terminal
1A-11
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
1A-12
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
Computers at home
Many
homes have multiple computers Most American homes have Internet Computers are used for
Business
Entertainment Communication
Education
1A-13
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
Computers in education
Computer
Computers in industry
Computers
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
Computers in government
Necessary
Police
1A-15
User
1B-16
What's in a computer?
Major pieces processor ("central processing unit" or CPU) does the work, controls the rest memory (RAM = random access memory) stores instructions and data while computer is running disks ("secondary storage") stores everything even when computer is turned off other devices ("peripherals")
1B-17
Hardware
Mechanical
Software
Tell
1B-18
Data
Pieces
Users
People
operating the computer Most important part Tell the computer what to do
1B-19
1B-20
1B-21
Processing devices
Brains
of the computer Carries out instructions from the program Manipulate the data Most computers have several processors Central Processing Unit (CPU) Secondary processors Processors made of silicon and copper
1B-22
Memory devices
Stores
Stores
Permanent
mouse
Output
Monitor,
Some
Touch
1B-24
Storage devices
Hold
storage
1B-26
1B-27
System
1B-28
System software
Most
XP Server 2003
Network
Windows
1B-29
Application software
Accomplishes
Word
Covers
1B-30
COMPUTER DATA
Fact with no meaning on its own Stored using the binary number system Data can be organized into files
1B-31
COMPUTER USERS
Userless computers
Run
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1.1 Doing Business in the Digital Economy 1.2 Information Systems and Information Technology (IT) 1.3 Business Performance Management, Business Pressures, Organization Responses, and IT Support 1.4 Strategy for Competitive Advantage and IT Support 1.5 Social Computing and Networking
1-2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
Describe characteristics of the digital economy and digital enterprises. Define information systems, computer-based information systems and information technology. Explain the relationships between performance, environmental pressures, organizational responses, and information technology. Identify major pressures in the business environment and describe major organizational responses to them. Describe adaptive enterprises and why they are ITdependent.
1-35
1-36
TOYOTA SCIONS INNOVATIVE ADVERTISING STRATEGIES The Problem: Increasingly competitive global marketplace for the automotive industry. Toyota with introduction of Scion goes directly up against General Motors and the Malibu for the position of #1 car Gen Y target market manufacturer.
Wide target market
GM
Vs.
Toyota
1-37
Toyota known for its manufacturing innovations. Aggressive web-presence strategy. Generation Y population, those born 19801994, expected to be a bigger consumer base than the Baby Boomers and the target market of the Scion.
1-38
The Solution: Segmented advertising major media-based strategy. Search engine marketing products see demo example by clicking this image:
Toyota uses Scion Campaign Has Personality-Driven Ads to reach future customers at a very young age according to
1-39
Toyota Uses Chat to Promote Scion smart strategy to tap into the social networks of 18 to 24 year old audience. Various providers of live chat software exist such as:
1-40
Chapter 1
E-Business: The use of electronic technologies to transact business Collaboration: People and Organizations interact, communicate, collaborate, and search for information Information Exchange: Storing, processing and transmission of information
Chapter 1
DIGITAL ECONOMY
42
Based on digital technologies (networking, communication etc.) that provide the platform (infrastructure) over which people and organizations interact and collaborate.
Digitized products Digitized financial transactions Everyday objects and appliances equipped with computing capabilities
DIGITAL BUSINESS
43
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Globalization Digital systems Speed (need for real-time transactions) Information overload Markets moving on-line New business models High rate of obsolescence New types of fraud and crimes
Chapter 1
The digital economy is an economy based on digital technologies, including communication networks
Also
called the Internet economy, the new economy, or the Web economy
Digital infrastructures provide a global platform over which people and organizations interact, communicate, collaborate, and search for information.
Chapter 1
digitizable products;
products
that can be converted to digital format. books, movies, magazines, TV and radio programming, electronic games, music CDs, and computer software.
Consumers and firm conducting financial transaction digitally. Physical goods such as home appliances and automobiles that contain embedded computer chips and connectivity capabilities.
Chapter 1
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
47
Businesses increasingly perform their basic functions: buying and selling goods and services, servicing customers, and collaborating with business partners electronically
This process is known as electronic business (Ebusiness) or electronic commerce (Ecommerce)
Old
Visit the bookstore Walk around campus to Departments, Registrars office, etc.
New
Visit web site for publishers and retailers
Photography
Buy film, use camera, take Use digital camera picture, take it for processing Use speed pass token; wave over the sensor and go Metro cards electronic 48 cards
Chapter 1
BUSINESS MODELS
49
A business model is a method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself. The model spells out how the company adds value to create a product or service.
Nokia makes and sells cell phones A TV station provides free broadcasting. Its survival depends on a complex model involving advertisers and content providers Internet portals, such as Yahoo, also use a complex business model.
Chapter 1
BUSINESS MODELS
50
and services Business processes Customers and their value proposition Supply chain Revenue model
Chapter 1
Reverse Auctions
Affiliate Marketing
E-Marketplaces and Exchanges
Chapter 1
Business Pressures
A response can be
a reaction to a pressure already in existence, an initiative intended to defend an organization against future pressures, an activity that exploits an opportunity created by changing conditions
Society Market
Chapter 1 Technology
53
Chapter 1
Business Pressure - The business environment is the combination of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors that affect business activities Significant changes in any of these factors are likely to create business pressure on the organization The three types of business pressures faced are: market, technology, and societal pressures.
Chapter 1
ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSES
55
Strategic Systems: enable organizations to increase market share and/or profits. Customer Focus enable organizations to provide superb customer service and prevent losing customers to competitors.
Chapter 1
Make-to-Order is a strategy of producing customized products and services Mass Customization is producing a large quantity of items, but customizing them to fit the desire of each customer E-business and E-commerce is the strategy of doing business electronically
Chapter 1
INFORMATION SYSTEM
57
An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. Like any other system, an information system includes inputs (data, instructions) and outputs (reports, calculations). It processes the inputs by using technology such as PCs and produces outputs that are sent to users or to other systems via electronic networks and a feedback mechanism that controls the operation.
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Hardware Software
Data
People Application
Chapter 1
Recognizes environmental and organizational changes as, or even before, they occur Deals with changes properly and correctly Does not wait for competitors to introduce change (1st mover strategy) Develop an innovation culture Have a scalable and appropriate IT infrastructure
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Porter:
Cost leadership Differentiation Niche market Growth Alliance Innovation Operational effectiveness Customer orientation Entry barriers Lock in customers or suppliers Increase switching costs
Other strategies
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
MANAGERIAL ISSUES
64
Recognizing opportunities for using IT and Web-based systems. Who will build, operate, and maintain the information systems. How much IT? How much and HOW important is IT? Is the situation going to change? Globalization.
Chapter 1
Ethics and social issues. Transforming the organization to the digital economy.