RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Click to edit Master subtitle style (Introduction)

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(Research Methodology) Course 5 September Naseem MS (ResearchSlides Developed by Dr. Aurangzeb Course Instructor: Dr. 11 September Imran

When is Business Research Used?

Typically, business research methods are used in situations of uncertainty, that is, when decision-makers face two or more courses of action and seek to select the best possible alternative under the circumstances. Business Research is hence aimed at improving the quality of decision-making which, in turn, benefits the organization and helps ensure its continuity and efficiency

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Typical Users of Business Research Methods

Businesses and Corporations Public-Sector Agencies Consulting Firms Research Institutes Non-Governmental Organizations Non-Profit Organizations Independent Researchers and Consultants
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Common Business Research Methods & Techniques

Surveys Interviews Observation Experiments Archival and Historical Data Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis

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Fields Where Business Research is Often Used (1)

General Business Conditions

andCorporate Research Management and Organizational Behaviour Research Financial and Accounting Research

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Fields Where Business Research is Often Used (2)

Sales and Marketing Research Information Systems Research Corporate Responsibility

Research

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Selected Examples of Real-Life Situations in Which Business Research Methods are Used
Launch of New Product Opening of an outlet Enhancing the employee satisfaction level Making an Investment SWOT-Analysis as to redefine organizations priorities

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Basic and Applied Research

Basic Research? Applied Research?

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Science and the Scientific Method

Science ? The scientific method?

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The Essence of the Scientific Method

Characteristics of the Scientific Method

Objectivity Systematic Analysis Logical Interpretation of Results Scientific Method Basic Research Applied Research

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General Laws Information or Ideas for (Research Methodology) MBA III (Research alternative

Empirical Approach Observations Questions Hypotheses Experiments Analysis Conclusion Replication

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Elements of the Scientific Method

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The Value of Business Research for Managers (1)

Reduction of uncertainty and improvement in the quality of decisionmaking with several consequent advantages (e.g. strategic, operational) and benefits for organizations

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Business Research Methods can be employed in each of the following four stages:
1. Identification of problems and/or opportunities 2. Diagnosing and Assessment of problems

and/or opportunities 3. Selection and Implementation of Courses of Action 4. Evaluating the Course of Action

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When Should Business Research be Undertaken?

Is sufficient N time O Y available e Is ? s Do not informati undertake Business on Y Research adequate e High ? s importan ce Y of e Research decision? Undertake Business s benefits Research greater MBA III (Research 5 September 29 August 2005 (Research Methodology) Course 1313 than

Value and Costs of Undertaking Business Research

VALUE Decreased Uncertainty Higher Likelihood of Correct Decisions

COSTS Research Costs Delay in Making Business Decisions Disclosure of Information to Rivals
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Better Business 29 performance (Research Methodology) 5 September August 2005 MS MBA III (Research Course Possibility of

The Building Blocks of Research

Blend of information, experience and in-sights that provides a framework that can be thoughtfully evaluated when assessing new information or evaluating relevant situations Determination of relationship amongst data with a view to facilitating understanding of the phenomena, their relationships and decision-making (e.g. past and predicted future sales trends) Measurements of phenomena (e.g. sales statistics of a department store)
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KNOWLED GE

INFORMAT ION

DATA

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Demands on Data & Information

Relevance to the problem or situation at hand Must be available in a timely manner to the right

person (manager or decision-maker)

Completeness Accuracy Accessibility Affordability Integrateability into a broader global information or

decision-support system
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Global Information Support Systems Decision-Support System Databases and Software

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Data and Information Sources for Business Researchers

Internal Records Proprietary Business Research Business intelligence Systems On-Line Databases Internet All Other Sources

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Business Research in the International Context

Business Research is being increasingly applied in an international context in the wake of globalization and the consequent freedom of movement of the resources of labour, capital and information of businesses and corporations:
Overseas market potential Joint ventures and relocating production lines overseas Framework considerations for investment and trade (e.g.

culture, legal environment, security, physical infrastructure, availability and quality of human resources, logistics, political stability, trade and investment incentives)
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Data and Information Sources for Business Researchers (Pakistan)

Federal and provincial ministries of commerce, industries and

production
Federal, provincial and city Chambers of Commerce and Industry State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan Banking Council, local and foreign

banking institutions
Stock Exchanges National Investment Board Export Promotion Bureau Manufacturers, Traders and Exporters Associations Research Institutes (e.g. Pakistan Institute of Development

Economics)
Newspapers and Magazines (e.g. Business Recorder, Pakistan and

Gulf Economist)
Business and Trade Directories Methodology) 5 September MS (Research

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Business Recorder (www.brecorder.com)

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