CC 302 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

PN. NORIZAN BINTI MASLLEH

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK

Diploma in Civil Engineering

Programme Learning Outcome (PLO)

1. Posesses and apply civil engineering knowledge 2. Demonstrate technical skills in civil engineering 3. Communicate effectively both in written and spoken from with other collegue and community 4. Work collaboratively as team members.

Course Learning Outcome

1. 2.

3.

4.

Explain briefly the history of road and highway construction. Apply the correct concepts of highway engineering solution to practical problems. Independently seek information on construction of flexible pavement and rigid pavement highway and requirement to meet the quality control. Demonstrate positive team working attributes by contributing actively in group for laboratory tests that yields valid results.

SUMMARY

Introduction to Highway Pre-Construction of Highway Pavement Materials Construction of Flexible Pavement Highway Construction of Rigid Pavement Highway Drainage Traffic Control Equipment and Road Furniture Flexible Pavement Design Highway maintenance

Assessment
i. i.

Continuous Evaluation (CE) 100% Practical - (40%) Theory Quiz - 2 min. (10%) End of Chapter Problem 3 min. (20%) Theory Test - 2 min (30%) Final Examination 100%

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Definition- Highway Eng. is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering which involves the design, construction and maintenance of Highway System.

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

1.2 PROFESSION

Profession that involved in transportation construction of road and highway:

Surveyor Road and highway engineer Traffic engineer Geologist Structural engineer

CC 302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

1.3 HISTORY of DEVELOPMENT of ROADS

Early Road (Laterite Road) Roman Road After Roman Road

Pierre Tresaguet John Metcalf Thomas Telford John Macadam

Modern Road
Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement
CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

a) Early Road (Laterite Road)

Bermula 5000 tahun dahulu dgn rekaan roda kayu bagi mengangkut barangan. Turapan jalan ini terdiri daripada tanah pasir yg dilapisi lapisan batu kapur hancur dan turapan batu di atasnya.

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Cross Section of Roman Road

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

b) Roman Road
Romans developed very elaborate systems of roads mainly for the purpose of military movement. The main characteristics of Roman roads were as follows:

They were very thick 1.22 metres thick. They were straight. Usually made for military purposes. Roads were not built on soft soil formations but on hard stratum reached after excavation.
CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

c) After Roman Roads

Pierre Tresaguet John Metcalf Thomas Telford John Macadam

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Cross Section of Pierre Tresaguet

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Pierre Tresaguet

The main characteristics of Tresaguets design were:

Improved the drainage by the formation convex. Thickness of road was about 30 cm. Wearing surface are camber. He also emphasised the need for continuous maintenance of road to keep it in good shape.
C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Cross section of John Metcalf

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

John Metcalf

The main characteristics of John Metcalfs design were:

Drainage is important to maintain strength of road. The strength of road depend to the stability of foundation layer. Used large stone at foundation layer.
C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Cross section of Thomas Telford

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Thomas Telford

The main characteristics of Telfords design were:

Used big sized stones in foundation wearing from 17 22cm to develop a firm base. Provided cross drains under foundation layer to keep the sub-grade in dry condition. Level sub-grade on embankment or cutting was prepared in the required width. It was essential that each stone of the base course should be CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH laid perpendicular

Cross section of John Macadam

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

John Macadam

The main characteristics of Macadams design were:

Using entirely new concept of road construction.
Recognized the importance of sub-grade compaction and drainage. Using a broken stone layer of few centimeter thickness can sustain much heavier load than a thick layer of big size stones. Size of the aggregate to be used in wearing course was decided according to the requirements of the stability under the effect of vehicles. Subgrade was prepared and compacted to the required width of the road.
CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

d) Modern Road

There have two types: Flexible pavement Rigid pavenment

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Flexible pavement

Flexible pavement structure are:

Road surface Road base Sub-base Sub-grade

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Rigid Pavement

Rigid pavement structure are: Cement concrete Road base (optional) Sub-base course (optional) Sub-grade

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

1.4 Category of Highway in Malaysia

a. b. c. d.

e.

Toll Highway Federal Road State Road Council/City Road Rural Road

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

a. Toll Highway
Rangkaian penghubung tol antara negeri. Memudahkan pergerakan kenderaan utk perjalanan jauh & menjimatkan masa, memendekkan jarak & menjimatkan kos kendalian. Disediakan utk kend bergerak terus dgn jalan keluar/masuk terkawal & melibatkan persimpangan bertingkat. Dibina mengikut piawaian geometri

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

b. Federal Road
Merupakan rangkaian j/raya yg diwartakan di bawah Ordinan Jalan Persekutuan. Menghubungkan tiap2 ibu negeri & tempat penting spt lapangan terbang, pelabuhan & kawasan perindustrian. Dibina mengikut piawaian geometri JKR. P & P di bawah peruntukan kerajaan persekutuan & dilaksanakan menerusi

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

Federal Road

Antara laluan persekutuan ini ialah: - Laluan Persekutuan I: Kangar JB - Laluan Persekutuan II:KL Kuantan (sebahagian dikenali sbg Lebuhraya Karak) - Laluan Persekutuan III: Kuantan Kota Bahru.
C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

c. State Road
Semua jalan yang bercabang dari jalan persekutuan yg terletak diluar bidang kuasa Kerajaan Tempatan & Majlis Daerah. Menghubungkan bandar & pekan dlm sesebuah negeri bg menaikkan taraf sistem perhubungan & pengangkutan dlm negeri. Pembinaan Piawaian JKR & dibiayai oleh kerajaan negeri & dilaksanakan oleh JKR Negeri.

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

d. Council/city Road
Di dalam bidang kuasa Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (Dewan Bandaraya, Majlis Perbandaran & Majlis Daerah). Dibina & diselenggara oleh PBT.

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

e. Rural road
Dibina oleh Pejabat Daerah dgn peruntukan dari Pejabat Kemajuan Negeri. Bertujuan memberikan kemudahan pengangkutan di kwsn desa. Terdiri dari jalan berturap premix, jalan berbatu kelikir & jalan tanah.

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

1.5 Agencies that involved in highway construction

a)
b) c) d) e)

Economic Planning Unit Highway Planning Unit Public Work Department (JKR) Malaysia Highway Authority (LLM) Town/City/District/Local Council

C3010 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

a) Economic Planning Unit

Merangka & merancang polisi utk semua aspek pembangunan sosioekonomi negara. Seksyen Infrastruktur & Kemudahan (utiliti) berperanan merancang, membentuk & menilai polisi & program pengangkutan. Berperanan mengesan, menganalisis, menilai & menyelaras segala rancangan pembangunan jalan raya.

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

b) Highway Planning Unit

Menjalankan kajian kejuruteraan lalulintas seperti kajian isipadu, laju kenderaan & kawasan kemalangan. Fungsi: i. Mengumpul maklumat ttg ciri2 perjalanan & operasi lalulintas. ii. Menjalankan kajian kemungkinan terhadap projek j/raya. iii. Mengkaji punca & mengenalpasti tmpt berlaku kemalangan serta lgkh mengatasi.

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

c) Public Work Department (JKR)

Bt/jawab ke atas pelaksanaan projek pembangunan. (Cth: j/raya persekutuan). Penglibatan JKR bermula dari peringkat perancangan sehinggalah projek siap & seterusnya penyelenggaraan. Cawangan jalan berperanan merancang serta memelihara semua rangkaian j/raya spy berkeadaan baik

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

d) Malaysia Highway Authority (LLM)

Peranan LLM spt yg termaktub dlm Akta 231:

i. Menyelia & melaksanakan rekabentuk, pembinaan & penyelenggaraan lebuhraya. ii. Menyelia & melaksanakan r/bentuk, pembinaan & penyelenggaraan kwsn Rehat & Rawat (R&R) serta kemudahan lain. iii. Memungut tol dari pengguna lebuhraya.

CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

e) Town/City/District/Local Council

i.

Antara fungsi majlis ini ialah:

Mengatur lalulintas & penggunaan jalan di kawasan bandar/majlis. ii. Menyediakan kemudahan2 infrastruktur & perancangan j/raya. iii. Memastikan r/bentuk & pembinaan jalan dilaksanakan mengikut piawaian yg ditetapkan. iv.Menyedia & menyelenggara kemudahan berkaitan dgn jalan raya.
CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH

THANK YOU

Exercise
1.

Give definition of highway engineering. (2m) State five (5) categories of road in Malaysia.
(4m)

2.

3.

Expalin briefly the contribution of John Macadam improvement in the aspect of its scientific nature. (4m)
CC302 - NORIZAN MASLLEH