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th 14
Amendment
Immigration
Immigrants
Resident Alien
Non-Resident Alien Enemy Alien Refugees Illegal Alien
Immigration Policies
Barred entrance to mentally handicapped, convicts, Chinese Exclusion Act In this time: 25 Million immigrants
1924-1965 National Origins Quotas
Immigration Policies
1965 Immigration Reform Act
Allowed illegal immigrants to become citizens - Amnesty - Apply for citizenship after 5 years - Illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens - Employers must ask for proof of citizenship
Immigration Policies
1990 Immigration Act
Consisted of 7% of
annual visas
Citizenship
Basis of Citizenship
The United States government exists to secure the fundamental rights and liberties of its citizens.
Citizenship Categories
STATE
NATIONAL
Scott was not a citizen, therefore he could not bring a legal suit in court
Citizenship by Birth
Jus Soli
Law of the Soil Nearly all that are born on U.S. territory are American citizens
Jus Sanguis
Law of Blood - If both parents are citizens, an individual born on foreign soil is an American citizen
Basic30 months of knowledge Investigation andfor Live in U.S.hearing Final preliminary hearing Citizenship! American history
Collective Naturalization - Congress may naturalize whole groups of people
Losing Citizenship
Expatriation
A person may give up citizenship by living in a foreign country or being convicted of treasonous crimes.
Denaturalization
An individual in the naturalization process may be disqualified through deception or fraud.
Responsibilitie s
Citizenship involves participation in government, including by voting and campaigning for a candidate.
Equal Rights
Equal Protection
The 14th Amendment forbids any state to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law
Rational Basis
Suspect
Classifications
Discrimination
Treating members of a race differently because of their race.
Civil Rights
In Effect
SEGREGATION
GUILT
Affirmative Action
GUILT
Whacky Cases
Reverse Discrimination
Womens Rights
Womens Rights
Cannot set different ages for men and women to become adults Cannot set different ages for men and women to purchase beer Cannot exclude women from juries Cannot require women to take pregnancy leaves
Womens Rights
All-boys and all-girls schools are allowed Property tax exemption to widows May prohibit women from working in mens prisons Hospitals may bar fathers from the delivery room
Womens Rights
The
th 14
Amendment