BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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RESEARCH

Research means search for knowledge through objective and systematic methods of finding solution to a problem.

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BUSINESS RESEARCH

A business research is a systematic enquiry that provide information to guide managerial decisions. It provides the needed information that guides managers to make informed decisions to successfully deal with problems.

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HYPOTHESIS

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MEANING OF HYPOTHESIS:

Hypothesis testing begins with the assumption. Hypothesis is a tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can be tested by further investigation. Hypothesis is usually considered as the principal instrument in research.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis should be clear and precise. Hypothesis should be capable of being tested. Hypothesis should state relationship between variables. Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific.
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Hypothesis should be stated as far as

BASIC CONCEPTS CONCERNING TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS:

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NULL HYPOTHESIS

A null hypothesis may read there is no difference between. It is denoted with HO. The final conclusion of the investigator will either retain a null hypothesis or reject a null hypothesis in favour of a alternative hypothesis.

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ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

An alternative Hypothesis is a statement that suggest a potential outcome that the researcher may expect. It is established only when a null Hypothesis is rejected. It is denoted with Ha.

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THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

It is always some percentage (usually 5%). The 5 % level of significance means that researcher is willing to take as much as a 5% risk of rejecting the null Hypothesis when it (Ho) happens to be true.

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DECISION RULE

In this we accept Ho (i.e.,reject Ha) or reject Ho (i.e., accept Ha)

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TYPE I AND TYPE II ERROR

TYPE I ERROR- We may reject Ho when Ho is true, it means rejection of hypothesis which should have been accepted.It is denoted by alpha. (Rejection of true null hypothesis) TYPE II ERROR- We may accept Ho when in fact Ho is not true, it means accepting the hypothesis which should have been rejected.It is denoted by beta.(retention of false 3/21/12

TWO TAILED AND ONETAILED TESTS

A two-tailed test rejects the null hypothesis if,say,the sample mean is significantly higher or lower than the hypothesised value of the mean of the population.(showing result in 2 side) A one-tailed test,where we are to test say,whether the population mean is either lower than or higher than some hypothesised value.(showing 3/21/12