GROUP 3

Periodic Trend of Physical and Chemical Properties of Element in The Periodic Table
Asya Ian Ramadani Aulia Rakhmawati Brama Posa Choirunnisa (X.2 / 07) (X.2 / 08) (X.2 / 09) (X.2 / 10)

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Atomic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Electron Affinity Melting Point Electronegativity Ionization Energy

Boiling Point

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The radius of atom determined by the combination of attraction and repulsion between the electron. The radius of atom can be define by : The distance between the atom 2

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Decreasing Atomic Radii

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For main group elements : In going from one element to the next across a period, the atomic radius tend to decrease In going from the top to the bottom of a group, the atomic radii tend to increase

WHY ??
Its happen because attraction and repulsion within an atom Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff ) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom Zeff = Z S
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EXAMPLE

Conclusion : 1. For cations and anions of main group elements in going from one element to the next across a period, the radii tend to decrease 2. For main group elements in going from top to the bottom of a group, the radii tend to increase
get stronger, the ionic radii decrease

IF THE ATTRACTION
get weaker, the ionic radii increase

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 Melting point depends on the strength of the bond and the structure of the element The difference of melting point of elements can only be compared one another if the elements have similar structure Conclusion :
Increasing atomic radii atomic number atomic mass Of metal
Decrease the strength of metallic bonding

Decrease the melting point

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Conclusion for noble gases : ATOMIC MASS INCREASE

MELTING POINT INCREASE

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For noble gases Increasing of atomic number or atomic mass cause increasing of boiling point For alkali metals Increasing of atomic number cause decreasing of boiling point The different tendency are related to the strength of bonds between the atoms. The stronger the bond the higher boiling point

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 Is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral gases atom The magnitude of ionization energy is a measure of how tightly the electron is held in an atom

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 from left to right in the periodic table the ionization energy increase But there is an exception for group 3A and group 6A. That two have weaker ionization energy from top to the bottom in periodic table, the ionization energy decrease

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Electron Affinity
is the energy change for the process of adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom or ion. The magnitude of electron affinity is a measure of how strong the nucleus attract the electron CONCLUSION from left to right in a period, the value of electron affinity tend to be more negative This means that from left to right the tendency of atoms to attract the electrons increases or atoms are more easily to capture the electron in going from the top to the bottom, the electron affinity tend to decline or less negative since electron are added and their position is farther from the nuclei

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Electronegativity
is the relative ability of an atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical bond elements with high electronegativity have a great tendency to attract electrons than do elements with low electronegativity

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 electronegativity is related to electron affinity and ionization energy example : 1. Fluorine has a high electron affinity and a high ionization energy, has a high electronegativity 2. Sodium has a low electron affinity and a low ionization energy, has a low electronegativity

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CONCLUSION
in going from the top to the bottom, the electronegativity of main group elements decreases in going from left to the right, the electronegativity of main group increases

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Chemical Properties
Elements in the same group resemble each other because they have similar outer electron configuration or valence electron This make the elements exhibit similar chemical properties The similarities of alkali metals for example : 1. They react which clorine to give similar alkali chlorides, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl 2. They react which oxygen to give similar alkali oxides, Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O 3. They form similar alkali hydroxides, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, and CsOH

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 The similarities of alkaline earth metals for example : 1. They react which chlorine to give similar alkali chlorides, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, and BaCl2 2. They react which oxygen to give similar alkali oxides, BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, dan BaO

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Thank You

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