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|
.
|
= =
2
2
4
4
Not Right !!
P
d
g
= 2t P
d
g
= 2t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 12
L
L
T
T T
2
2
= =
( )
P dg = 2
2
t (a) (b) (c)
(b)
Not Right !!
Try the second equation
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
P
d
g
= 2t P
d
g
= 2t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 13
T T
T
L
L
2
2
= =
( )
P dg = 2
2
t (a) (b) (c)
(c)
This has the correct units!!
This must be the answer!!
Try the third equation
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
P
d
g
= 2t P
d
g
= 2t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 14
Motion in 1 dimension
In 1-D, we usually write position as x(t
1
).
Since its in 1-D, all we need to indicate direction is + or .
Displacement in a time At = t
2
- t
1
is
Ax = x(t
2
) - x(t
1
) = x
2
- x
1
t
x
t
1
t
2
A x
A t
x
1
x
2
some particles trajectory
in 1-D
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 15
1-D kinematics
t
x
t t
) t ( x ) t ( x
v
1 2
1 2
av
A
A
=
t
x
t
1
t
2
A x
x
1
x
2
trajectory
Velocity v is the rate of change of position
Average velocity v
av
in the time A t = t
2
- t
1
is:
A t
V
av
= slope of line connecting x
1
and x
2
.
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 16
Consider limit t
1
t
2
Instantaneous velocity v is defined as:
1-D kinematics...
dt
) t ( dx
) t ( v =
t
x
t
1
t
2
A x
x
1
x
2
A t
so v(t
2
) = slope of line tangent to path at t
2
.
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 17
1-D kinematics...
t
v
t t
) t ( v ) t ( v
a
1 2
1 2
av
A
A
=
=
2
0 0
0 0
a
v v
a
2
1
a
v v
v x x
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
) x x ( a 2 v v
0
2
0
2
=
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 25
Average Velocity
Remember that at v v
0
+ =
v
t
t
v
v
av
v
0
( ) v v
2
1
v
0 av
+ =
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 26
Recap:
For constant acceleration:
at v v
0
+ =
2
0 0
at
2
1
t v x x + + =
a const =
From which we know:
v) (v
2
1
v
) x 2a(x v v
0 av
0
2
0
2
+ =
=
Washers
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 27
Problem 1
A car is traveling with an initial velocity v
0
. At t = 0, the
driver puts on the brakes, which slows the car at a rate of
a
b
x = 0, t = 0
a
b
v
o
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 28
Problem 1...
A car is traveling with an initial velocity v
0
. At t = 0, the
driver puts on the brakes, which slows the car at a rate of
a
b
. At what time t
f
does the car stop, and how much farther
x
f
does it travel?
x = x
f
, t = t
f
v = 0
x = 0, t = 0
a
b
v
0
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 29
Problem 1...
Above, we derived: v = v
0
+ at
Realize that a = -a
b
Also realizing that v = 0 at t = t
f
:
find 0 = v
0
- a
b
t
f
or
t
f
= v
0
/a
b
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 30
Problem 1...
To find stopping distance we use:
In this case v = v
f
= 0, x
0
= 0 and x = x
f
f b
2
0
x ) a ( 2 v =
b
2
0
f
a 2
v
x =
) x 2a(x v v
0
2
0
2
=
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 31
Problem 1...
So we found that
Suppose that v
o
= 65 mi/hr = 29 m/s
Suppose also that a
b
= g = 9.81 m/s
2
Find that t
f
= 3 s and x
f
= 43 m
b
2
0
f
b
0
f
a
v
2
1
x ,
a
v
t = =
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 32
Tips:
Read !
Before you start work on a problem, read the problem
statement thoroughly. Make sure you understand what
information is given, what is asked for, and the meaning
of all the terms used in stating the problem.
Watch your units !
Always check the units of your answer, and carry the
units along with your numbers during the calculation.
Understand the limits !
Many equations we use are special cases of more
general laws. Understanding how they are derived will
help you recognize their limitations (for example,
constant acceleration).
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 33
Recap of todays lecture
Scope of this course
Measurement and Units (Chapter 1)
Systems of units (Text: 1-1)
Converting between systems of units (Text: 1-2)
Dimensional Analysis (Text: 1-3)
1-D Kinematics (Chapter 2)
Average & instantaneous velocity
and acceleration (Text: 2-1, 2-2)
Motion with constant acceleration (Text: 2-3)