Factory

Scenario
After
World war
II
Presented by:
Aradhita Utterkar (Roll No. 09)
Gomati Bhiwgade (Roll No. 15)
GROUP: A collection of individuals.
--------Kelly and Thibaut.

GROUP DYNAMICS: The term group

dynamics was coined to describe the way groups
and individuals act and react to changing
circumstances.
----------Kurt Lewin

Definition of group: A group can be

defined as consisting of two or more individuals
who influence one another through social
interaction.
 Types of group

 Formal group  Informal group

1) Command group 1) Interest group

2) Friendship group
2) Task group
3) Membership group
4) Reference group
 Criteria’s for a group to
include
 Formal social structure
 Face to face interaction
 Two or more persons
 Common fate
 Common goals
 Interdependence
 Self-definition as group members
 Recognition by others
Why do people join groups?

 Security
 Status
 Self-esteem
 Affiliation
 Power
 Goal achievement
 Dynamics of group
formation
Tuckman’s stages of group development
model.
 Forming
 Storming
 Norming
 Performing
 Adjourning
 Role of group dynamics
 Influence on the behaviour of individual
members
 Shaping of attitudes,values and beliefs
 Influence on group morale
 Opportunity to be leaders
 Job satisfaction
 Social satisfaction
 Provides a sense of security.
 Dynamics of informal
groups
Roles in informal group

 Contributor
 Collaborator
 Communicator
 Challenger
 Dynamics of informal
groups
Norms are followed in informal group only if:

 Aid in group survival

 Provision of benefits
 Simplify the group members behavior
 Help to avoid inter personal problems
 Express central values or goals of group
 Clarify what is distinctive about the groups identity.
 Practical benefits from
informal organization

 More effective total system

 Lightens workload on management
 Fills in gaps in a managers abilities
 Provides safety valve for employee
emotions
 Improves communication
Dynamics of formal groups

 Example of formal group is committee.

 Positive attributes of committee.
 Groups fail due to the
following
 Absence of trust
 Fear of conflict
 Lack of commitment
 Avoidance of accountability
 Inattention to results
 Dysfunctions of groups
 Norm violation and role ambiguity/conflict
 Group think conformity, problem.
 Space shuttle challenge disaster(1986)
 Bay of pigs invasion(1959-1962)
 Risky shift phenomenon
 Group polarization
 Social loafing
 Group Decision Making
Techniques

 Brainstorming

 Nominal Group Technique

 Electronic Meeting
 Group Processes

 Synergy
 Action of two or more substances that results in
an effect that is different from the individual
summation of substances

 Social Facilitation Effect

 Tendency for performance to improve or decline
in response to the presence of others
Group Conflict
Analysis of
Interaction
 Sociograms

 Way of recording interactions between

Members of a Group
 Direction and Intensity of communication
 One or more observers
Bale’s Interaction
Process Analysis
Guidelines for better use of
Group Dynamics
 People who are to be changed & who influence
the group should have strong sense of
belongingness
 Group should be more attractive to its members
 Attitudes/Values/Behavior that needs to be
changes should be relevant to Group
 Group Member having more prestige can exert
more influence
Guidelines for better use of
Group Dynamics

 After successful change of a subpart, would

encounter strong resistance
 Information relating to the need for change
plans must be shared by relevant group
members
 Bring about re-adjustment in related parts
Group Dynamics Implications
for Managers
 Obtain cooperation from Informal Groups
 Use Informal Groups to improve attitudes of employees
 Develop Informal Groups to satisfy various needs of
employees
 Informal Groups = Grapevine
 Provide Groups with high quality leadership for effective
results
 Enhance productivity and minimize resistance to change
 Case Study

“Working together for

Greater Productivity”
 Case Study

“The Working Together

Program”