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Welcome A. Ravono.
Population
Whole area of interest Living and non- living things/ events
Types of population
2 Types Finite Infinite
Sampling
Process by which the sample is selected from the population A portion of the whole group under study Vital part of the research process
Advantages of Sampling
Cheaper, Faster, Easier Maybe the only part where destructive testing is used- (extinct population) Accurate than census
Errors in Sampling
Not totally accurate Non- sampling errors
Types of Samples
Probability Sampling Simple Random Stratified Random Systematic Cluster Non- Probability Accidental or Convenience Snowball Purposive or Judgment Expert Quota
2. Systematic Sample
Work systematically through population list No natural ordering or periodicity Ordered lists- bias the results Stratification- widely used in large scale survey
4. Cluster Sampling
Divide a large area into sub- areas which are randomly selected- clusters Interview all in a cluster or only a sample in a selected cluster (multi- stage sampling)
1. Accidental Sampling
Sample of Convenience Composed of easily available people or volunteers Not accurate Includes snowball sampling
2. Quota Sampling
Discretion of interviewers Attempts to include a cross- section of the population Depends on the judgment of the interviewers
3. Purposive Sample
Units selected by researcher to be represented under study Depends on researchers judgment
Pilot Study
Definition: small scale practice run Not used by new researchers/ undergrad Used to understand strengths and weaknesses of larger projects- (design, sample size, data collection instrument) Helps in removing problems in advance Used for approval of funds.
Questions?????