Malaysian Scenario: The Pattern of Hours of Work

Malaysian Scenario
The Pattern of Hours of Work
MOHD SAFWAN
ADIDI
Hours of Work
Pattern
a
standard way of moving, acting
Under the Employment Act 1955

44-hour week is common for industrial and office
employees
The maximum allowable overtime
Employees must be offered at least one rest period
INDUSTRY
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
A Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
40.3
41.0
40.5
40.0
41.3
40.4
39.1
40.0
B Fishing
50.5
48.4
48.1
47.6
50.4
48.4
47.0
44.5
C Mining and Quarrying
50.2
53.2
50.8
51.6
51.9
52.3
51.0
51.0
D Manufacturing
48.8
49.3
49.1
48.8
49.6
49.6
49.1
48.8
E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply
46.7
46.7
46.9
45.7
46.9
45.4
46.2
45.1
F Construction
48.9
49.4
49.3
48.4
48.9
48.7
48.5
47.6
G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of

Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and
Personal and Household Goods
51.3
51.7
51.5
50.7
51.3
51.3
50.5
50.6
H Hotels and Restaurants
51.5
51.6
51.3
51.5
51.1
51.6
51.0
49.2
I Transport, Storage and

Communications
51.4
52.0
51.7
51.2
51.6
51.9
50.9
50.7
J Financial Intermediation
46.3
46.3
46.2
44.7
46.0
45.6
45.8
44.9
K Real Estate, Renting and Business

Activities
48.3
48.2
48.7
47.9
49.3
49.4
49.0
48.9
L Public Administration and Defence;

Compulsory Social Security
45.5
46.2
45.9
44.5
45.6
44.3
44.8
44.3
M Education
35.3
36.0
36.3
34.9
37.1
36.5
36.6
34.8
N Health and Social Work
46.8
46.5
46.7
46.4
46.6
46.3
45.7
44.7
O Other Community, Social and

Personal Service Activities
48.1
48.0
47.9
46.8
47.7
47.8
47.5
47.5
Very long hours in Wholesale & retail trade, Hotel and

Restaurant and Transport, storage and communications. why?
Short hours shows in education. why?

Contribution sector to GDP affected hours of work. Affected?
GDP = D = S = P = L = HOW
Economic crisis 2008 affected HW?

Latest HOW issue in Malaysia?
What types of pattern shows?
*insignificant change
Example of HOW in tertiary sector/services:

Banks Operation Hours
All States except Terengganu, Kelantan and Kedah
Mondays - Thursdays : 9:15am to 4:30pm
Fridays
: 9:15am to 4:00pm
Saturdays - Sundays : Closed
Terengganu, Kelantan and Kedah
Sundays - Wednesdays : 9:15am to 4:30pm
Thursdays
: 9:15am to 4:00pm
Fridays - Saturdays
: Closed
*However, some banks in the shopping complex's or selected branches operate 6 days a week. Remind, some
bank also have Saturday and Sunday banking.
INDUSTRY
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
41.6
42.4
41.9
41.2
42.6
41.3
42.0
41.2
B Fishing
50.9
48.9
48.2
47.7
50.7
48.5
47.3
44.7
50.8
53.9
51.2
51.6
52.9
52.9
51.7
52.0
D Manufacturing
50.1
50.7
50.2
49.9
50.6
50.6
50.2
50.1
46.9
47.0
47.1
46.0
47.0
45.7
46.5
45.1
F Construction
49.1
49.6
49.5
48.5
49.1
48.9
48.6
47.7
G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor

Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household
Goods
51.5
51.9
51.8
50.9
51.4
51.4
50.6
50.6
52.9
53.1
52.7
53.6
52.6
53.4
52.5
50.7
I Transport, Storage and Communications
52.3
52.8
52.6
52.2
52.5
52.8
51.8
51.6
47.0
46.8
46.7
45.0
46.5
45.9
46.3
45.3
K Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities
49.8
49.7
50.3
49.6
51.0
51.2
50.9
50.8
L Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory

Social Security
46.5
47.4
47.0
45.4
46.4
45.2
45.7
45.2
M Education
37.4
38.6
38.6
37.7
39.4
38.9
38.3
36.8
46.5
47.0
46.6
46.6
46.8
46.4
46.7
44.3
O Other Community,Social and Personal Service

Activities
48.4
48.9
48.3
47.2
47.9
48.3
47.1
47.6
INDUSTRY
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
37.4
37.6
37.3
36.7
37.7
37.6
35.7
36.3
B Fishing
39.4
33.8
44.8
42.9
43.0
43.7
40.1
38.7
46.8
46.0
46.9
51.4
45.4
48.6
47.4
46.9
D Manufacturing
46.8
47.4
47.6
47.1
48.1
48.0
47.3
46.8
45.6
43.9
45.9
44.0
46.2
43.8
44.7
45.0
F Construction
46.6
47.0
46.9
47.3
47.3
46.4
46.4
45.7
G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair

of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and
Personal and Household Goods
50.7
51.3
50.8
50.2
51.1
51.1
50.1
50.6
49.9
50.1
49.9
49.3
49.5
49.5
49.3
47.6
I Transport, Storage and

Communications
45.9
46.9
46.7
45.6
46.9
47.5
46.5
45.9
45.5
45.9
45.7
44.5
45.5
45.3
45.2
44.6
K Real Estate, Renting and Business

Activities
45.9
45.9
46.0
45.2
46.5
46.5
46.0
46.0
L Public Administration and Defence;

Compulsory Social Security
42.1
42.9
42.8
42.1
43.4
41.9
42.4
42.0
M Education
33.8
34.3
34.8
33.3
35.7
35.2
35.6
33.7
46.9
46.2
46.7
46.3
46.5
46.2
45.2
44.8
O Other Community,Social and

Personal Service Activities
47.6
46.8
47.4
46.2
47.4
47.2
47.9
47.5
Total HOW of men > total HOW of women in all field. Why?
Look example on Education:
Men HOW average
: 36 hours per week
Women HOW average : 34 hours per week
U.S Congress Joint Economic Committee had studies always find

that some portion of the hours of work gap is unexplained.
More women do a part time job compare to man in same field.
More women involved in family matters, childcare, etc.
"In today's terms, it's not the number of hours that you
spend in the workplace but how productive you are,"

Malaysian Scenario: The Pattern of Hours of Work

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Malaysian Scenario

The Pattern of Hours of Work

standard way of moving, acting

Under the Employment Act 1955

A Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry

C Mining and Quarrying

E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of

H Hotels and Restaurants

I Transport, Storage and

K Real Estate, Renting and Business

L Public Administration and Defence;

N Health and Social Work

O Other Community, Social and

Very long hours in Wholesale & retail trade, Hotel and

Short hours shows in education. why?

Economic crisis 2008 affected HW?

Example of HOW in tertiary sector/services:

A Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry

C Mining and Quarrying

E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor

H Hotels and Restaurants

I Transport, Storage and Communications

K Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities

L Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory

N Health and Social Work

O Other Community,Social and Personal Service

A Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry

C Mining and Quarrying

E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply

G Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair

H Hotels and Restaurants

I Transport, Storage and

K Real Estate, Renting and Business

L Public Administration and Defence;

N Health and Social Work

O Other Community,Social and

U.S Congress Joint Economic Committee had studies always find

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