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Perception
The process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world How we see the world around us
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Elements of Perception
Sensation Absolute threshold Differential threshold Subliminal perception
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Sensation
The immediate and direct response of the sensory organs to stimuli. A perfectly unchanging environment provides little to no sensation at all! Sensory Receptors (Smell and Sound)
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Absolute Threshold
The lowest level at which an individual can experience a sensation. Sensory adaption: Problem that concerns many advertisers.
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Differential Threshold
The minimal difference that can be detected between two similar stimuli (JND). Less than JND is wasted effort.
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Webers Law
A theory concerning the perceived differentiation between similar stimuli of varying intensities (i.e., the stronger the initial stimulus, the greater the additional intensity needed for the second stimulus to be perceived as different).
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Subliminal Perception
Perception of very weak or rapid stimuli received below the level of conscious awareness. Example1957:Drive-In Movie Theater
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Aspects of Perception
Selection Organization Interpretation
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Perceptual Selection
Depends on two major factors Consumers previous experience Consumers motives
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Gestalt Psychology
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Product Positioning and Repositioning Positioning of Services Perceived Price Perceived Quality Retail Store Image Manufacturer Image Perceived Risk
Using Imagery
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Positioning
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Repositioning
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Positioning Techniques
Umbrella Positioning Positioning Against Competition Positioning Based on a Specific Benefit
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Conveying a Product Benefit Taking an Unowned Position Positioning for Several Positions Repositioning
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Perceptual Mapping
A research technique that enables marketers to plot graphically consumers perceptions concerning product attributes of specific brands.
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Perceptual Mapping
Fashion Coverage
Fashion Splash
More Copy
Crash Bash Splash
More Artwork
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Club Coverage
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Acquisition-Transaction Utility
Acquisition utility represents the consumers perceived economic gain or loss associated with the purchase Function of product utility and purchase price
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Transaction utility concerns the perceived pleasure or displeasure associated with the financial aspect of the purchase Determined by the difference between the internal reference price and the purchase price
Perceived Quality
Perceived Quality of Products
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Cues
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Characteristics of Services
Intangible Variable Perishable Simultaneously Produced and Consumed
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Behavior
Inferior
Unfavorable
Defect
Price/Quality Relationship
The perception of price as an indicator of product quality (e.g., the higher the price, the higher the perceived quality of the product).
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Conceptual Model of the Effects of Price, Brand Name, and Store Name on Perceived Value
Objectiv e Price
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Perceived Quality
Perception of Price
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Perceived Sacrifice
Perceived Value
Willingness to Buy
continued
Brand Name Store Name
Objectiv e Price
Perception of Brand
Perception of Store
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Perceived Quality
Perception of Price
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Perceived Sacrifice
Perceived Value
Willingness to Buy
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Perceived Risk
The degree of uncertainty perceived by the consumer as to the consequences (outcome) of a specific purchase decision.
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Types Functional Risk Physical Risk Financial Risk Psychological Risk Time Risk
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