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Louise M. Rosenblatt
Terms such as the reader are somewhat misleading, though convenient, fictions. There is no such thing as a generic reader or generic literary work: there are in reality only the potential millions of individual readers of individual literary works The reading of any work of literature is, of necessity, an individual and unique occurrence involving the mind and emotions of some particular reader (Rosenblatt, 1938/1983).
The Transactional Theory of Reading and Writing - Louise M. Rosenblatt
Traditional View
Descarte dualistic view of the self
Newtonian The self or subject was separate from the object perceived.
Objective facts, completely free of subjectivity, were sought, and a direct, immediate perception of reality was deemed possible.
The Transactional Theory of Reading and Writing - Louise M. Rosenblatt
Transactional Paradigm
Bohr (1959) the observer is part of the observation human beings are part of nature. Dewey and Bentley work out the Knowing and Known (1949). The knower, the knowing and the known are seen as aspects of one process. Human activities and relationships are seen as transactions in which the individual and social elements fuse with cultural and natural elements.
Language
Ferdinand Saussure (1972) formulated a dyadic relationship between signifier and signified or between words and concept. This fostered a view of language as an autonomous, self-contained system (Rosenblatt, 1993)
Language
Charles Sanders Pierce (1933, 1935) offered a triadic formulation: A sign is in conjoint relation to the thing (object) denoted and to the mind (interpretant). This firmly grounds language in the transactions of individual human beings with their world.
The Transactional Theory of Reading and Writing - Louise M. Rosenblatt
Object
Sign
Language
Language is always internalized by a human being transacting with a particular environment (Vygotsky) The sense of the word is the sum of all the psychological events aroused in our consciousness by the word
Language
A word acquires its sense from the context in which it appears; in different contexts, it changes its sense. The meaning possesses public and private aspects Linguistic-Experiential reservior the residue on the individuals past transactions in particular natural and social contexts
The Transactional Theory of Reading and Writing - Louise M. Rosenblatt
Linguistic Transactions
The past linkages of sign, object and interpretant must provide the basis for new linkages, or new structures of meaning.
The Transactional Theory of Reading and Writing - Louise M. Rosenblatt
Selective Attention
The triadic linkages of sign, signifier and organic state become actual symbolizations as selective attention functions under the shaping influence of particular times and circumstances.
Reading Act
It is an event, a transaction involving a particular reader and a particular pattern of signs, a text, and occurring at a particular time in a particular context.
Meaning
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