OUTLINES

1.INTRODUCTION 2.WHAT IS NEURONS? 3.FUNDAMENTALS

4.CHARACTERISTICS 5.ARCHITECTURE
6.LEARNING MECHANISM 7.APPLICATIIONS

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS NEURAL NETWORK?

Neural networks are a highly interconnected network of a large number of processing elements called neurons.
IN other words it can be understand as parallel distributed processing system made up of highly interconnected neurons that have the ability to learn.

WHAT IS NEURONS?
A Neuron is a small cell that receives signals from its various sources and respond by transmitting signals to other neurons .It is composed of nucleus, dendrites, axon and cell body.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEURAL NETWORK

1.RESISTANCE TO NOISE
2.ABILITY TO GENERALIZE 3.POTENTIAL FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING 4.INPUT AND OUTPUT MAPPING 5.FAULT TOLERANCE

ARCHITECTURE OF NEURAL NETWORK

1.SINGLE LAYER FEEDFORWARD 2.MULTILAYER FEEDFORWARD 3.RECURRENT

SINGLE LAYER FEEDFORWARD NETWORK

THERE ARE TWO LAYERS IN THIS NETWORK 1.INPUT LAYER 2.OUTPUT LAYER INPUT LAYER :Input layer receives input signal OUTPUT LAYER:Output layer receives output signal

MULTI LAYER FEEDFORWARD NETWORK

THERE ARE THREE LAYERS IN THIS NETWORK 1.INPUT LAYER 2.HIDDEN LAYER 3.OUTPUT LAYER

RECURRENT NETWORK This network is similar to feed forward network the only difference is that this network has at least one feedback loop.

LEARNING PROCESSES
There are three basic learning techniques:

1.Supervised learning
2.Unsupervised learning 3.Reinforced learning

SUPERVISED LEARNING
Adjustment of weights is done under the supervision of a teacher, precise information about the desired or correct network output is available from a teacher when given a specific input pattern.

UNSUPERVISED LEARNING In this target output is not presented to network. There is no teacher ,it learns by the environment.

REINFORCED LEARNING In reinforced learning teacher is present but it indicates the computed output is correct or not. In this system receives a feedback that tells whether its output response is right or wrong but no information on what the right output should be is provided.

APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS 1.Pattern recognition 2.Constraint satisfaction 3.Forecasting 4.Risk assessment 5.Control System

PATTERN RECOGNITION
Neural networks have shown remarkable progress in the recognition of visual images ,handwritten characters ,printed characters ,speech and other PR based tasks

CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION :
This comprises problems which need to satisfy constraints and obtain optimal solution

FORECASTING:
Neural networks have exhibited the capability to predict situations from past trends. They have, therefore founds applications in areas such as meterology ,stock market , banking with high success rates.

CONTROL SYSTEM:Neural networks have been used for control systems.

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