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CMC ensure proper coordination between Auxiliaries, boiler and turbine to attain efficient and safe running of the plant. In thermal power units the turbines are fast responding components& boilers are having transport lag & thermal inertia Hence delayedly respond with variation in command. Turbine will be able to control the load or th.pre. quickly by changing the position of control valves. The other parameter are to be controlled by boiler master. The mode of operating the units as follows. (1) CMC coordinated mode (2) BOILER follow mode- Boiler follow turbine (3) Turbine follow mode- Turbine follow Boiler (constant Pr. Mode) (4) RUNBACK MODE.
Definitions:
1)
CMC:
Basically to control internal parameters of unit like (1) M S Pressure, (2) Load. Also to coordinate sensitive turbine and slow response of boiler auxiliaries, Good for network and Unit stability. Both Boiler and Turbine control ON Auto. 2) BFM:
Boiler follow turbine. Turbine on Load control- Boiler ON Autocontrol pressure with BLI as feed forward. MW demands are met by Turbine firstly and lesser importance to unit stability. 3) TFM:
Turbine follow Boiler. Boiler Master on manual control. Pressure control. Turbine maintains pressure by varying MSCV ,Unit load depends on steam output from boiler Best for unit stability
RUNBACK MODE.
under runback conditions the firing for the boiler must be reduced to preset values, as close as possible to the tolerable limits. Therefore the swings of firing rate caused by the action of the PID controller must be avoided. As consequence of this condition the system has to switched to pure feed forward to control where the firing rate set point is directly proportional to load capability signal. To avoid any mismatch between steam production of the boiler and the turbine load turbine has to be switched to initial pressure control.
04)
RUNBACK:
In R/B mode boiler controls give command in proportion to unit capability. Turbine Pre. Control. R/B mode sets in automatically.
05)
BM
FEED FORWARD SIGNAL GNI OUTPUT - CMC BLI - B.F.M PRTD - T.F.M GET BYPASSED - R/B
06) G N I :
point
control
module.
TFM
R/B
: Actual Load.
: Unit capability.
07) UNIT CAPABILITY: Capability to produce MW at that instant, W.C signal depends on the number of auxiliaries in service and their contribution is expressed as MW signal, which they can support.
08) FGMO:
Free Governing mode of operation Intro duce critical external parameter i.e. freq. of network to our control system. To ensure stability of network or grid it is necessary to have frequency regulation in CMC/EHC. But frequency is network parameter, which cannot be controlled by few units in the network. Total disturbance in network will be passed on to the units having regulation by the many units do not have regulation.
09) CMC TABLE
Mode Boiler controls
Throttle Pressure
Controls
Pressure error Pressure error Pressure error UNIT Capability Signal
Feed Forward
Steam Flow [BLI] MW error GNI O/P PRTD Turbine load set point BM Bypassed
BFM
CMC
Pressure
MW & Pressure [Manual at KORBA] Produces steam as per unit capability
MW
Throttle- pressure (Pressure controller active) Throttle- pressure (Pressure controller active)
TFM
RUN BACK
Pressure error
+
B
PR.
PID
FUEL FIRING DEVICE
PI
G MW F F U
MW SET PT.
4. Make throttle pr. Set point and actual pr. Difference zero.
5. Put BM on auto. If unit in turbine follow or coordinated mode change over to boiler follow occurs under following condition :turbine goes to manual because of any reason or operator action Pr CMC - Pr Lim > 60MW
1. Boiler manually controlled 2. Turbine master On Auto -controls throttle steam Pre. (With steam flow as feed forward) by varying load.
In T.F.M Pr. Controller comes into picture and the throttle Steam Pre. Varies the opening of MSCV to maintain the set throttle steam Pre.
+
PI
MW SET PT.
G N
+
PI
Boiler
Turbine
Min
Logic Unit Load Capability Load Rate (Set) Permissive Load Rate form turbine stress evaluator (ESE)
+
PID
+
Boiler Controller Throttle Pr. error
PR.CORRECTION CKT.
+
P
TURBINE CONT.
+
Pressure Set Signal PI Turbine Controller
Steam PR.
BOILER
GEN
MW
CMC controls the plant treating boiler and turbine as a unit. It aims is to generate desired MW O/P through coordinate regulation of boiler I/P & O/P (turbine I/P). Turbine must not increase load without taking firing /boiler inertia in consideration. CMC coordinate sensitive turbine & slow response boiler & Auxiliaries. IN CMC Boiler master on Auto Turbine master on Auto Unit master - Receiving load demand from ALDC or Manually from desk. In cmc sets the MW set point which will be pursued by boiler master by taking throttle pressure error as final trimming input signal. Turbine will control the MW by taking mw error as input. Th.pre. error will not be effecting the the mw till it is beyond limits. Boiler master will change the air & fuel to provide the desired steam. The respond will be slow when compared to turbine response. So it may be reemphasized that this mode of operation gives maximum stability to the units with optimum response taking boiler & turbine as a unit. Pressure correction curve is basically a bridge between the slow boiler & fast responding turbine control. Performance of CMC largely depends on the proper tuning of the curve. Tuning of the curve varies with boiler & fuel .
15MW 2 Kg - DP 15MW 1 Kg 1 Kg 2 Kg + DP
GNI P
+ --
Adder
M I N
1.5 %
Pre. Correction
M A X
+ +Adder
Delay
Frequency connected GNI O/P Th.Pre. Set.Pre
MW
10 MW
3992
20 MW
Fuel
M A X
+ + -
UNIT Capability
M I N Target of unit M I N
LOAD UNIT
MAX
MAX
Runback limit
M A X M I N
MIN
TFM
+
P
D action Del ay
BLI BFM Set.Pre Th.Pre
BFM
+ P
CMC
F(x)
PRTD
F/D TFM
load
Fuel
Max
Min
Load Setter
EHC
(
Load
f)
+ +
Load Reference
+ +
GNI
Load
+
25MW 0. 2HZ 0. 125 HZ 40MW
M I N
Freq
Load controlle r
+ +
Boiler Master
CMC LOOP
28.6% 85.7% B
TOTAL OIL FLOW
Y1
Y2
Y2 Y1
+
XP01 P
+
MIN
FUEL MASTER
+ -
X001
XM03
XP01
PT3 A B 3X1.01
X001
+
MW GENERATED
B/M O/P
AIR
CV Correction loop manipulates the coal flow measurement signal by increasing or decreasing it, to show less coal is going when coal quality is bad and more when coal is good the effect is limited to 85% to 100% of actual coal flow
CV CORRECTION LOOP
J
BOILER DEMAND
Max
XN01
XN01
XP01
HK7715D Y W
PI
RL
Ui 80%
+ +
20% Ua = Ui
( = 0..1)
XM02
XN01
Max XN01
TOTAL AIR FLOW
MIN AIR FLOW
AIR MASTER
O2 Correction loop manipulates the total airflow measurement by increasing or decreasing O2 master to show less air/more air is flowing. This influence is limited to 30% of the total air flow [Presently]
FDA
FDB
O2 TRIM -
A section station and a setter for oxygen set point are provided to achieve the desired excess air. If variable O2 set point (SP) is selected, set point is generated by a function generator which is a function of max ( air flow SP and total air flow). In other mode SP is set from UCB. O2 in flue gas is compared with this SP and error is fed to PI controller, output of which is limited between 0.8 and 1.2% of total air flow.
SELECTION OF CMC 1. Put air control on auto (at least one FD fan) 2. Put feeders speed control on auto after varying fuel master(FM) output and making feeder speed controller error zero. 3. Vary Blr. Master O/P so that FM error becomes zero. Then put FM on auto. 4. Make throttle pr. Set point and actual pr. Difference zero. 5. Put BM on auto. 6. Increase /decrease unit master output so that it becomes equal to actual load. (wait unit load set value and load value matches as shown in the CMC panel digital indicator). 7. Form TG desk put turbine control on auto. 8. Press coordinated push button along with manual release on CMC desk.
FEED RATE
+
Controller
HAD
MILL PA FLOW GENERATION CURVE
120
105 108
100
96.5 92.5
100
80
77 75 70
60
40
20
0 0 17.5 20 30 40 50 60 70
FEED RATE(T/H)
~
MAX P MAX
A /M
A/M
MAX RS04
O2
FLUE - GAS O2
O2
A B C J
D E
MW AIR FLOW
PI RL OOO
80 %
AW02
AW
/n
TOTAL AIR
+
20 % ( Ua=
= 0.1)
Ui X
GAIN CHANGE
PI
RL Y
+ +
PI
Y Act
RL Y
OOO
RL Y
Y Act
OOO
+
AW02
+
P
+ + AW02
<
F(X) FD FAN A
BLADE PITCH
BIAS
F(X)
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