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+ +
= |
SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
Example of Series-Series Feedback
Amplifier
| |
3 3
2
3 1 2
// )( 1 (
) 1 (
1
) //(
t
|
r R r g r R
A R R
h
R
r R R R R
of o m o out
o of
fe
C
e E F E o
+ + =
+ =
+
+ + + =
SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
8.6 The Shunt-Shunt and Shunt-Series
Feedback Amplifiers
Fig8.19. Ideal structure for the shunt-shunt feedback amplifier.
|
|
|
A
R
R
A
R
R
A
A
I
V
A
o
of
i
if
S
o
f
+
=
+
=
+
= =
1
1
1
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The practical Shunt-Shunt feedback
amplifier
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SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
Example 8.3
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SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
The shunt-series configuration
Fig 8.22 Ideal structure for the shuntseries feedback amplifier.
( ) |
|
|
A R R
A
R
R
A
A
I
I
A
o of
i
if
S
o
f
+ =
+
=
+
= =
1
1
1
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A practical shunt-series feedback
amplifier
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SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
Example 8.4
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SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
summary
SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
The method of finding A circuit
h,z,r,g parameter method for two-port feedback
network.
Equivalent circuit method:
Find the feedback network;
Find the feedback network equivalent load Resistance to
amplifier input, for output voltage sampling feedback,
output short-circuit (Vo=0); for current sampling feedback,
output Io open-circuit (Io=0).
Find the feedback network equivalent load Resistance to
amplifier output, for input voltage mixing feedback, it
should be disconnected from input to feedback network
(Ii=0); for input current mixing feedback, let input connect
to ground to disconnect from input signal to feedback
network.
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SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
(shunt-shunt)
(series-series)
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Example:
1
2
3
series-shunt () 8103946
shunt-series()7102946
shunt-shunt()2981056
SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
Homework:
May 13th, 2008
8.20; 8.25; 8.30; D8.37
SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
The Stability Problem
f s i
f s i
X X X
when
X X X
when
+ =
+ =
=
=
t
t
1) 2n (
2n
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) e
e | e e | e e
e | e
e
|
e j j A j j A j L
j j A
j A
s s A
s A
s A
f
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
1 1
= =
+
=
+
=
|| | | |
o i f o
X X X X
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The Stability Problem
The condition for negative feedback to oscillate
Any right-half-plane poles results in instability.
Amplifier with a single-pole is unconditionally stable.
Amplifier with two-pole is also unconditionally stable.
Amplifier with more than two poles has the possibility
to be unstable.
Stability study using bode plot
1 ) ( ) ( ) ( = = e | e e j j A j L
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Balance condition:
Magnitude condition:
Phase Condition:
1 | | = | A
( )t
|
1 2 + = + n
A
1 | | > | A
Start up oscillation condition:
Judgment method of amplifier stability:
1) If 180 is not exist, then the Amplifier is stable;
2) If 180 is exist and 180< 1, then the amplifier is not stable;
3) If 180 is exist and 180> 1, then the amplifier is stable;
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The Definitions of the Gain and
Phase margins
180
lg 20
e e
|
=
= A G
m
Gain margin represents
the amount by which the
loop gain can be
increased while stability
is maintained.
Unstable and
oscillatory
Stable and non-
oscillatory
Only when the phase
margin exceed 45 or
gain margin exceed 6dB,
can the amplifier be
stable.
1
180
e e
|
=
+ =
A m
45 ,
1
3 . 1
1
/ 1
1
180 , 1
1
, 1
1
1
1
1
1
= =
+
=
+
=
= =
~ >>
m f
j
j
f
m
j
f o
j A
e
e
j A
j A
j A
e j A
A A
|
e
|
| e
e
e
u | e
|
|
u
u
u
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Stability analysis using
Bode plot of |A|.
( )
|
e |
1
log 20 log 20 log 20 = j A A
Hz
6
10 2 . 3 =
Hz
5
10 6 . 5 =
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Stability Analysis Using Bode Plot of |A|
Gain margin and phase margin
The horizontal line of inverse of feedback factor in dB.
A rule of thumb:
The closed-loop amplifier will be stable if the
20log(1/) line intersects the 20log|A| curve at a
point on the 20dB/decade segment.
The general rule states:
At the intersection of 20log[1/ | (j)| ] and 20log
|A(j)| the difference of slopes should not
exceed 20dB/decade.
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Frequency Compensation
The purpose is to modifying the open-loop transfer
function of an amplifier having three or more poles
so that the closed-loop amplifier is stable for any
desired value of closed-loop gain.
Theory of frequency compensation is the enlarge the
20dB/decade line.
Implementation
Capacitance C
c
added
Miller compensation and pole splitting
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Frequency Compensation
x c x
H
x x
H
R C C
f
R C
f
) ( 2
1
2
1
' 1
1
+
=
=
t
t
SJTU Yang Hua Microelectronic Circuits
45 ,
0 log 20 ,
1
2
~ =
= =
m
H
f f that shows that
A f f when
|
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Frequency Compensation-Miller
compensation
A gain stage in a multistage amplifier with a
compensating capacitor connected in the feedback path
An equivalent circuit.
Miller compensation can reduce the value of C
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Homework:
May 20
th
, 2008
8.51; 8.54; 8.63; 8.66