Maintenance of Sub-Station including

EHV Class Equipments

Daily - Routine & Schedule Maintenance

PREFACE
Sub-Stations are the most vital part in Electrical Transmission system. Grid operation & power transmission can be reliable only if sub-stations perform well. The poor maintenance of substation can hit productivity of all sectors i.e. domestic, commercial, industrial etc. In normal practice the requirements is for 100% availability of substation, i.e. 24 hours for a day and 365 days for a year. But it is difficult to achieve because interruption of substation due to various reasons and shutdown for maintenance work.

PREFACE
The equipment wise maintenance schedule should be prepared as per the guide line given in the manual of the equipment supplied by the manufacturer. If proper and timely care is taken of equipments in service, the disturbances in supply will be minimum. For this numbers of factors play important role. For carrying out regular maintenance work on each type of equipment, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly schedule should be prepared as per recommendation of the suppliers or as found essential from the past experience.

Daily - Routine & Schedule Maintenance Sub-Station Switch Yard Control Room

Switch Yard Daily, Routine & Schedule Maintenance

MK Boxes Earthing

TRF

CT/ PT CVT CB

Cable Trench

Switch Yard

LA

Capacitor Yard Lighting Bus Bar

Isolator

Power Transformer / Reactor

Daily Routine Checks - Working of OTI & WTI - Working of Cooling fans & Pumps - Condition of Silica gel - Oil leakage - Oil level in conservator tank - Oil level in bushings - Cleanliness of cooler control panel, WTI / OTI Box & Driving mechanism Box of OLTC - Physical Check & Humming

Power Transformer / Reactor

Schedule maintenance -Cleaning of all bushings, complete transformer including radiator and checking of oil leakage. -Checking of oil level in conservator -Checking of oil level in OLTC conservator. -Checking of bushing oil level -Check the operation of oil pumps and fans, 1). Manual, 2) Auto, 3) Remote indication. -Checking condition of silica gel & oil level in oil cup of breather. -Checking and cleaning of Diverter Switch contacts. -Operation of Tap changer, Local/remote and manual and auto.

Power Transformer / Reactor

Schedule maintenance -Measurement of BDV of oil /reactor -Routine test/DGA Test of transformer oil in ERDA once in a year -Measurement of Insulator resistance/Polarizing Index. -Tan delta /Cap. Measurement of Transformer winding and bushings. -Measurement of winding resistance. -Routine testing of transformer -Operation of protection -WTI/OTI Buchholz( by oil draining)/PRV/Surge relay. -Calibration of WTI /OTI.

Power Transformer / Reactor

Schedule maintenance -B. D.V. of diverter switch oil. -Filtration /Replacement of oil of diverter switch . -Measurement neutral earth resistance. -Cleaning of MK Box ,Tightening of termination -Checking of space heaters -Vermin Proofing. -Checking the tightness of clamp connector of HV, IV and LV. -Checking of neutral earthing and main body earthing -Maintenance of OLTC driving mechanism. -Check for rusting & paint if required

Routine testing of transformer

Voltage ratio test / Turn ratio test Open Circuit Test Short Circuit Test Magnetic Balance Test DC Winding Resistance Measurement Insulation Resistance Measurement Polarizing Index Measurement

Routine testing of transformer

Test of Transformer oil as per Standard: 1866:2000 Following test are carried out at M/S ERDA, Baroda 1. Electric Strength (BDV) 2. Water Content (PPM) 3. Neutralization Value (Total Acidity) 4. Sediment & sludge. 5. Dielectric Dissipation Factor (Tan-Delta) at 90 C 6. Specific Resistance at 90 C 7. Inter facial Tension at 27 C 8. Flash Point

Routine testing of transformer

DGA Test of Transformer oil This test is carried out every year in normal condition or As per Requirement for vigil monitoring. Higher Values of gases indicate abnormal internal condition of Transformer. 1: Hydrogen H2 2: Oxygen O2 3: Nitrogen N2 4: Methane CH4 5: Ethane C2H6 6: Ethylene C2H4 7: Acetylene C2H2 8: Carbon Dioxide CO2 9: Carbon Monoxide CO 10:Propylene+Propane C3H6+ C3H8

Circuit Breaker
Daily
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Routine Checks
Description Checking of SF6 Gas & Air Leakage. Any air leakage in ON & OFF condition of breaker. Clean M K box of breaker. Vermin proofing in M. K. box. Working of heaters Draining air. Check oil level & oil leakage. Check local ON/ OFF indicating lamps in breaker, if provided.

9
10 11 12

Observation of clamps and connectors .

Oil level in compressor. Tension of V-belts of compressor. Check advance spring charging.

Circuit Breaker
Schedule Maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cleaning of porcelain parts of Insulators & visual inspection. Checking of oil level & leakage if any Measurement of BDV of oil & filter the oil Measurement of IR value & compare with past values Contact Travel Measurement by slow operation Measurement of Breaker timing Check the condition of contacts Measurement of Dynamic Contact Resistance / contact wipe

9
10 11 12 13 14

Measurement of static Contact Resistance

Check the Local/Remote (Manual& through relay) operation, ON/OFF indication & semaphore operation Checking Trip Coil Supervision. Checking of Close / Trip coil current Checking of heaters in cubicle Attend the hot line points if any

Circuit Breaker
Schedule Maintenance
15 16 17 Tightening of clamp connector, Bolts & Nuts Check the leakage of air Checking of SF6 Gas pressure ,Low gas pressure alarm & lockout.

18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Check the oil leakage from Grading capacitors.

SF6 Gas Leakage test Measurement of Dew point of SF6 Gas Check the pressure setting of Low Air Pressure, Breaker closing &Tripping Lockout& Auto Reclose Measurement of Capacitance / Tan-delta of grading capacitors Measurement of Resistance of PIR Checking the operation of Pole discrepancy relay Check the operation of auto starting of compressor

26
27

Check the air pressure drop during duty cycle operation

Checking of air compressor for oil level, oil quality ,air filter & V-belt tension.

Circuit Breaker
Schedule Maintenance
28 29 High voltage Test of Vacuum interrupter Condition of Silica gel

30
31 32

Checking of structure earthing

Check & lubricate the operating mechanism, if recommended by the manufacturer Check for rusting of metallic parts & paint it if required

33
34 35 36 37 38 39

Checking & cleaning of tightness of all cables, termination in MK

Checking of door sealing gaskets and replace if required Checking of healthiness of operation counter Tightness of foundation bolts Checking of structure earthing Checking of any breakage or crack in cementing joints Vermin proofing in MK Box

Circuit Breaker
Modern Condition Based Maintenance Technique for EHV Circuit Breaker :- Static Contact resistance Measurement - Dynamic Contact resistance Measurement (DCRM) - Dew point measurement of SF6 gas - Contact Travel measurement - Operating Timings of Main and Auxiliary Contacts. - Tan Delta measurement of Grading Capacitors - Vibration measurement

Circuit Breaker
Static Contact resistance Measurement :In this test 50 or 100 Ampere DC Current is applied in closed condition of breaker to measure voltage drop across breaker contacts Results are compared with pre commissioning or previous values for condition monitoring of contacts. For better judgment DCRM is recommended.

Dynamic Contact Resistance Measurement :Dynamic contact resistance measurement (DCRM) is the technique for measuring contact resistance during operation (Close /Trip) of a circuit Breaker. A D.C. current is injected through the Circuit Breaker. The resistance versus time data provides useful information on the condition of the Circuit Breaker contacts and is used as diagnostic tool. The variations in the measured resistance versus time will be seen as a finger print for the breaker contacts and can be used as benchmark for comparing with future measurements on the same breaker. This provides information on the condition of the breaker contacts.

Circuit Breaker
Dew Point measurement of SF6 gas :SF6 gas is chemically stable but is radically dissociates ions under heavy discharging conditions. Most of them recombine with stable SF6 gas at the end of discharging period. Some, however, may produce lower valence sulphur fluorides. Since lower valence sulphur fluorides possess characteristic that easily react, hence these must be immediately eliminated. Lower valence sulphur fluorides, if any remaining in the arc chamber may cause deterioration of organic insulation materials and corrosion of the metals parts in presence of moisture. Sources of Moistures in SF6 gas :1. Exudation of moisture contained in organic insulating materials 2. Permeation of moisture through sealed sections. Molecular filters provided in the interrupting chamber absorb moisture and decompositions products. These adsorbing compounds are synthetic zeolite, Activated Alumina etc. if adsorbing materials gets saturated then moisture and decomposition products will remain in the Arc chamber and harmful products as mentioned above will degrade the organic insulating materials etc. Hence measurement of dew point is essential.

Circuit Breaker
Contact Travel Measurement :
Transducers and fixtures are attached to the Operating rod or interrupting chamber in order to record the contact travel. When CB closes/trips, contacts travel is recorded. Contact bounces or any other abnormality is also clearly indicated by the Contact Travel Measurement. If Contact travel is recorded with dynamic contact resistance the length of arcing contact shall also be monitored. It is expected that after some time , due to erosion of the arcing contact, tip length reduces and such conditions may lead to commutation failures. As already explained, arc may shift from arcing contacts to main contacts. This condition may lead to faster damage of the main contacts. If contact travel , contact speed and contact acceleration signature are compared with the original signatures (precommissioning values) then it may indicate problems related with the operating mechanism, operating levers, main/arcing contacts, alignments etc.

Circuit Breaker
CB Operating timings :
CB Operating timings are monitored to indicate any problem in operating mechanisms, alignments of main/arcing contacts and also difference between two poles and between two breaks of same pole. As per PWERGRID specifications and also IEC- 56, pole discrepancy between two poles should not be more than 1/6 th of a cycle and between two breaks of same pole, it is given as 1/8 th of the cycle. If these timings are not within order, it may lead to Overstressing of one particular interrupting chamber. Switching over voltages may also be high in case of larger discrepancies in closing timings of two poles because of trapped charges already present in the phase in which CB is going to close at the last. Variations in the operating timings of the order of +1 ms are generally acceptable from the pre-commissioning values. If these are not within Limits the same are corrected by : Equalizing the SF6 gas pressure in different poles Adjusting plunger movement of trip/close coils Operating Mechanism adjustments Changing trip/close coils (if needed) It is also important to measure timings of auxiliary contacts from the point of view of variations w.r.t. to the main contacts. If difference in timings of main and auxiliary contacts is maintained within limits, this indicates there is no problem related with auxiliary contacts assembly or with operating mechanism or with the operating levers of the CB

Circuit Breaker
Tan Delta Measurement of Grading Capacitor :Electrical and thermal stresses lead to de-gradation of paper insulation of the capacitor elements and also oil in the Grading capacitor. Grading capacitors play vital role when CB trips in TRV (Transient Recovery Voltage) stresses conditions and also in Open condition of the CB . Tan Delta or loss angle value increases with the degradation of paper or oil. Generally Tan Delta values up to 0.5% are indicated by manufactures. During O&M, acceptable value is up to 0.7% with rate of rise up to 0.1 % Degradation of paper may lead to failure/blasting of grading capacitors if same are not removed form service well in time. Therefore, Tan delta measurement is a very important check to indicate true condition of the Grading capacitor.

Circuit Breaker
CB Vibration measurements:
The mechanical vibrations during closing and Tripping operations are recorded using accelerometers and data acquisition system. These vibration signatures or fingerprints are compared with the reference signatures which can be an earlier recording from the same breaker. Any mechanical malfunctions, excessive contact wear, misalignment of contacts, problem in damping system can be easily detected by as a change in the recorded patterns. In this measurement two or three accelerometers are mounted externally in each phase, usually one on arcing chamber, and one in operating mechanism and one somewhere in between. Vibration measurements during closing/opening operations are recorded. Other condition-based maintenance also include monitoring of trip/close coil currents, SF6 gas Air leakage rate and operating mechanism medium oil /air pressures. Frictions in the plunger movement gap between plunger and the pin of the coil assembly are reflected in the recorded currents values /wave shapes.

Instrument Transformer (CT, PT, CVT)

Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks

Description

1 Check oil level and leakage of oil if any. 3 Check level of bellow 2 Check corona effect. 4 Check clamp connectors

Schedule Maintenance
Cleaning of porcelain parts & visual inspection. Visual inspection of CT for oil leakage & level Attend hot line points if any Measurement of Insulator Resistance & compare with past values Measurement of Tan- delta .

1 2 3 4 5

6
7

Measurement of CT Sec. Resistance & lead Resistance

Checking the Tightness of all connections including earthing of PF (Tan Delta) terminal in CT secondary terminal box.

Schedule Maintenance

Instrument Transformer (CT, PT, CVT)

Check oil leakage in secondary terminal box DGA test of Oil +BDV if Tan delta is high or IR value is low Check the tightness of Jumpers of connections

8 9 10

11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Check the transparency / healthiness of oil level indicating glass

Nitrogen Pressure checking Check the healthiness of gasket in MK & Sec. Box. Checking of Secondary connections, star points, its earthing, MK Box earthing Checking of burden on the secondary winding. Measurement of Knee Point voltage / Magnetizing current CT ratio test Checking of structure earthing Checking of any breakage or cracks in cementing joints

20
21 22

Check for rusting of metallic parts & paint it if required

Check primary earth connection in PT & CVT Check proper rating of fuse provided in PT & CVT

Lightening Arrestor
Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks

Description 1 Checking of Leakage current 3 Reading of counters

2 Check corona effect.

4 Check clamp connectors

Schedule Maintenance
Description Cleaning of porcelain parts of insulator Measurement of capacitance & Tan-delta. Measurement of Leakage current Checking of healthiness of counters Checking of earth connection between surge arrestor, surge monitor &earth Measurement of Earth pit Resistance & its connection Checking the tightness of terminal connector Checking Structure earthing Checking for rusting & painting.

SR. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks

Isolator

Description 1 Contacts position & Check clamp connectors 2 Vermin proofing & working of Heater of mechanism box

Schedule Maintenance
Description Cleaning of support Insulator & checking of cracks in Insulator 1

SR. NO.

2
3. 4. 5 6 7 8 9

Cleaning & lubrication of operating mechanism hinges, lock joints, pins, gears, bearings etc.
Checking for Alignment Check the condition of male-female contacts Checking & alignment of earthing blades Cleaning of contacts of Isolator / earth blade Operation of isolator / earthing switches & its interlocks Contact resistance measurement for isolator / earth switch contacts. Apply petroleum jelly on male-female contact

Schedule Maintenance
Description 10 11 11 12 13 14 15 16

Isolator

SR. NO.

Check the tightness of mounting bolts Checking & tightening of stopper bolts. Checking of earth connection of earth blade as well as structure earthing Checking of remote / local operation, with indication & semaphore position. Cleaning & Checking of Auxiliary Switch contacts Lubrication of mechanism Checking tightness of clamp connector Check the operation of AC & DC switches in MK box.

17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Check the operation of contactors

Check the contacts of Pentograph with Hanger of Bus Checking of aluminum/copper flexible connectors. Vermin proofing Checking of space heater in MK Box Checking of gaskets in MK box. Checking Structure earthing Checking for rusting & paint if required

Bus-Bar
Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks
Description

1 Check clamp connectors 2 Condition of Bus conductors & Droppers

Schedule Maintenance
Description
Cleaning of insulators and checking of hardware Checking and tightening of all bays clamp connectors Checking the operation of earth switch provided on bus. Earth clearance measurement. Checking and tightening of pantograph isolator hangers. Check for looseness of strands of bus conductors Checking the healthiness of bus structure earthing.

Sr. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Bus-Bar
Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks
Description

1 Check clamp connectors 2 Condition of Bus conductors & Droppers

Schedule Maintenance
Description
Cleaning of insulators and checking of hardware Checking and tightening of all bays clamp connectors Checking the operation of earth switch provided on bus. Earth clearance measurement. Checking and tightening of pantograph isolator hangers. Check for looseness of strands of bus conductors Checking the healthiness of bus structure earthing. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sr.No.

Capacitor Bank
Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks
Description

1 Check clamp connectors

2 Check Fuse links of Capacitor cell 3 Check oil leakage of Capacitor cell

Schedule Maintenance
Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cleaning of insulators. Checking and tightening of Fuse links of Capacitor cell Measurement of Capacitance of cell. Oil leakage & Level of NCT/RVT/Reactor. Check oil leakage of Capacitor cell Structure Earthingt.

Sr. No.

Earting pits & Equipment Earthing

Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks

Description

1 Check condition of earthing pits, i . e. Wet or Dry

2 Check nut-bolt connection in earthing pits. 3 Check connection with equipments.

Schedule Maintenance
Description Measurement of earthing resistance. Reactivation of earthing pits either by addition of salt or sodium bentonight powder. Replacement of rusted nut-bolts & washer. Tightening of earthing connection.

Sr.No. 1 2 3 4

Daily
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4

Routine Checks

MK Boxes Kiosks

Description Check condition of cover or front door for rusting as well as vermin Proofing. Inside cleanliness. Check condition of wiring. Working of space heater.

Schedule Maintenance
Description
1 Tightening of wiring connection.

Sr. No.

2
3 4 5 6

Replacement of ferule or Lugs if required.

Replacement of TBs if rusted. Painting. Vermin Proofing Checking earthing connection

Daily
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Routine Checks

Station Transformer

Description Check any oil leakage. Check oil level in conservator tank. Condition of cilicagel. Condition of HV & LV Connection. Condition of Drop-out fuses. Check earthing connection.

Schedule Maintenance
Description Attend Oil Leakage if any. Replacement of silica gel. Maintenance of oil level. IR Value Measurement &Tightening of LV & HV connection. Cleaning & Painting of Transformer tank. 1 2 3 4 5

Sr.No.

6
7

Tightening of earthig connection on neutral as well as body.

Check the resistance of its earthing pit.

Switchyard lighting, Cable Trench, Over all Yard cleaning

Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks

Description

1 Check the working of lamps Tube lights etc. 2 Check about proper illumination.

3 Condition of covers of cable trench.

4 Check cleanliness of cable trench. 5 Water logging in cable trench. 6 Any opening in cable trench. 7 No superfluous or un necessary materials. 8 No brickbats or stones

9 No grass or any plants.

Switchyard lighting, Cable Trench, Over all Yard cleaning

Schedule Maintenance
Description Attending of lamps Tube lights etc. Provide additional lamps for proper illumination. 1 2

Sr. No.

3
4 5

Providing & painting of covers of cable trench.

Cleaning of cable trench. Block the Water logging places in cable trench.

6
7 8 9 10

Remove superfluous or un necessary materials.

Remove brickbats or stones. Anti weeding Treatment for grass & plants removal. Repairing &White washing of structure foundation & cable trench Painting rusted structures.

Control Room Daily - Routine & Schedule Maintenance

C/R Panels Battery Set Control Room Fire Protection System DG Set Battery Charger LT Panel

Control panels
Daily
Sr. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Routine Checks
Description
Availability of DC in all panels. Check Trip circuit healthy for all Breaker panels. Working of all indicating lamps. Working of announciator on all panels. Identification of all relay, Lamps & semaphore. Working of all the measuring meters on panel. Cleanliness of front side as well as inside of panels. Vermin proofing of Panels. Illumination inside of the panels.

10

Working of space heaters.

Schedule Maintenance
Description

Control panels

Sr. No.

1 Availability of DC in all panels.

2 Check Trip circuit healthy for all Breaker panels.

3 Working of all indicating lamps. 4 Testing of all relays. 5 Testing of all measuring meters. 6 Checking & providing HRC fuses with proper rating 7 Tightening of wiring connections. 8 Replacement of deteriorated ferrules, rusted lugs or TB etc. 9 Working of announciator on all panels. 10 Identification of all relay, Lamps & semaphore. 11 Working of all the measuring meters on panel. 12 Cleanliness of front side as well as inside of panels. 13 Vermin proofing of Panels. 14 Earthing Connection of Panels 15 Painting of panels

Daily Routine Checks

Description

Battery charger & battery set

Sr. No.

1 Operational check of float//boost charging section for auto and manual mode 2 Checking of U/V, O/V and constant current & constant voltage features. 3 Checking for healthiness of E/L detecting system 4 Checking of parallel operation of both the section (i.e. float and boost) 5 Working of all indicating lamps. 6 Working of announciator on Charger. 7 Working of all the measuring meters on Charger. 8 Cleanliness of front side as well as inside of Charger.

9 Vermin proofing of Charger.

10 Illumination inside of the Charger. 11 Working of space heaters.

12 Total DC voltage & Load on battery charger.

13 Total voltage of battery set & its charging current 14 Reading of pilot cells. 15 Working exhaust fans.

Battery charger & battery set

Schedule
Sr No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description Cleaning and tightness of connections in battery charger. Checking of indication circuit. Checking of earthing Checking of contacts of contactors. Operational check of float//boost charging section for auto and manual mode Checking of U/V, O/V and constant current & constant voltage features. Checking for healthiness of E/L detecting system Checking of parallel operation of both the section (i.e. float and boost)

Maintenance

9
10 11 12 13 14

Working of all indicating lamps.

Working of announciator on Charger. Working of all the measuring meters on Charger. Cleanliness of front side as well as inside of Charger. Vermin proofing of Charger. Illumination inside of the Charger.

15

Working of space heaters.

Battery charger & battery set.

Schedule
Sr. No. Description

Maintenance

16 Total DC voltage & Load on battery charger. 17 Total voltage of battery set & its charging current 18 Cleaning and tightness of battery cell connections. 19 Reading of all battery cells. 20 Separate boost charging of week cells. 21 Rundown test of battery set.

Battery charger & battery set.

Importance of battery set.
The battery considered as the back bone of the Sub Station, needs utmost care in preservation, maintenance and up keeping. The battery room may be ideally located to the adjacent to the control room, with ample ventilation added with exhaust fans. In the commonly used lead acid batteries the electrolyte (Sulfuric acid) may be maintained at its optimum temperature. Care may be taken not to exceed its temperature beyond 50 C.
The voltage of battery is determined by no. of cells, whereas the capacity is determined by no. of plates and quantity of acid. Floating battery at a higher voltage will also impair the life of the battery. Sulphation of +ve or -ve plates occurs due to insufficient charging or over discharging or when it is under continuously uncharged condition, or when floating voltage is much below optimum voltage ( i.e. for lead acid cell 2 volts and for alkaline cell 1.2 volts.)

Battery charger & battery set.

Rating of Battery cell: The electro chemical cells are rated in terms of voltage and ampere hour capacity. The ampere hour capacity represents the number of ampere hours that can be delivered under specified condition of temperature rate of discharge and the final voltage. Ampere hours= Ampere X Hours. By series connection of n cells. Voltage will be nV and ampere hours AH. Specific Gravity and voltage max. & min. limits:
Parameter Voltage Specific Gravity Maximum. 2.2 V 1.28 Minimum. 1.8 V 1.18

Battery charger & battery set.

Importance of battery set.
Methods of charging a lead acid battery: During the charging process, the current is forced into the battery from the opposite direction to its normal direction of current flow. Normal Use => Current leaves from positive terminal and enters through negative terminal. During Charging=>Current enters through positive terminal and leaves from negative terminal. Connect Positive Terminal of Charger to positive Terminal of Battery and Negative terminal of charger to Negative terminal of Battery Two methods are available for recharging batteries.

Quick charge method. : Generally not preferred. In the quick charge method, the battery is given high charging current for a shorter duration of time. The current should never exceed half the ampere hour rating of the battery.

Battery charger & battery set.

Slow Charging method: this method is preferred. The Thumb rule for deciding the rate of slow charging current is 10 % of AH. Thus proper charging rate for a 250 AH battery set would be 25 amperes. The source for charging a lead- acid battery should have a rated voltage of 2.5 V per cellminimum. The starting charging current is as above. The finishing charging current is very low of the order of 1 Amp. Before taking battery into service two charge discharge cycle must be taken. As the battery approaches full charge, it starts bubbling freely. The plastic caps on each cell should be kept loose. The charging process is stopped after three successive hourly reading of hydrometer show no increase in the specific gravity.

Battery charger & battery set.

Also we can divide charging method of battery set in to four category considering applied voltage and ampere for charging. 1. Constant voltage charging: Constant 2.63 volts-per-cell. Used for 8 hours charging. supply voltage approximately

2.

Taper charging: Used only when identical batteries are to be charged. Voltage versus time characteristics and current versus time characteristics has dropping (taper). characteristics such that the initial voltage per cell is app. 2.2 V and final voltage per cell after 8 hours is app.2.0 V. Two rates charging: Starting current for charging is set at higher value. After certain time, current is changed to a lower value e.g. First four hours 2.4 V/Cell and 20 A next four hours 2.2 V/Cell and 5 A. Constant current charging: Generally should be controlled throughout the charging Selecting of particular method depends on type service conditions, time available for charging, charged at a given time. not preferred, charging current period by adjusting supply voltage. of battery, charging facility available, and the number of batteries to be

3.

4.

Battery charger & battery set.

Dos and Don't in Battery: Dos - Read Installation and operating manual prior to installation of the batteries. - Clean the batteries as and when dust accumulates. - Battery room should have sufficient cooling. - Re-torque the connections once every six months. - Keep the batteries away from heat source, sparks, fire etc. - After a discharge recharge the battery immediately. - Charge the batteries once every six months, if stored for long periods. Dont - Do not use metal funnel for topping distilled water or solution. - Don't overfill. - Cables or bus bars should not touch the top surface of the battery. - Dont discharge excessive. - Dont allow leakage current. - Dont install physical damage cell. - Dont mix the batteries of different capacities and makes.

Schedule
Sr No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Maintenance

LT PANELS

Description Cleaning of panels, bus bar insulators etc. Testing of Energy meter Tightness of electrical connections. Check the working of changeover scheme. Check the feeder switches operations. Checking of correct rating of fuse links. Vermin proofing Checking of Panel heater.

9
10 11 12

I. R. value measurement of cable and Bus

Checking of healthiness of panel earthing. Checking of indicating meters Check the operation of CB

LT PANELS
Daily
Sr. No.

Routine Checks
Description

Cleaning of panels.

2
3 4 5

Working of energy meter

Check the feeder switches operations. Vermin proofing Overheating of Switches/Fuses

Checking of indicating meters