A presentation to spread awareness about caring the nature by improving our IT deeds!

An effort by Abhijeet Chatterji IT-08002

 Integrated

Circuits Power Consumption Green Computing Understanding the levels of a Computer Where does the power go? How can we reduce power?

The first transistor was built in 1947. The first integrated circuit was invented in 1959. Market driven by military, computer, communications, and consumer needs.

Equipment once used by the military are now available on a number of consumer products.

Climate Control Dashboard Display

Lighting

Door Modules Engine Control Fuel Injection Entertainment

Chassis Electronics Safety Control

Six billion microcontroller units were shipped in 2004, predicted to be increasing by 10% each year from 2004-2009 (Instate Inc. market research)
Semiconductor annual revenue of 2004 is estimated at US $211.4 billion.

Desktop consumption has reached 100 watts Total Personal Computer(400 million) energy usage in 2000 = 26 nuclear power plants Power is the bottleneck of improving the system performance Power consumption is causing serious problems because of excessive heat.
Water Cooled Computer

1000

Power Density (W/cm2)

100

Nuclear Reactor

Pentium 4
Hot Plate
Pentium 3 Pentium 2 Pentium Pro Pentium

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1 1980

386

486
2000 2010

1990

As circuit speed increases, power consumption grows

Designing low power circuits has been the most important issue Mobile applications demand long battery life

Low power consumption is listed as the second greatest challenge for the industry

Energy provisioning is arguably the most important business, geo-political, and societal issue of our time
Global Warming is influencing policies and laws which require energy usage and greenhouse emissions to be measured and controlled

The cost of energy and increases in IT power requirements present significant expense, supply, and handling challenges for data centers
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Where are the web pages you browse?

Data Center One single room in Datacenter contains 100 Racks 1 Rack = 5 to 20 kW Contributed to the 2000/2001 California Energy Crisis

Internet Client

Gateway Racks Data Center

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200 M tons of CO2= CO2 produced by 40 million cars

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Flickr.com

Current coolants: CFCs and HCFCs = Ozone Depletion The other alternative coolant: HFC = increase in green house emission 1300 times Moving Datacenters to exotic locations(Microsoft -> Cold Siberia, Sun -> underground)

Siberia
umw.edu

Underground Japan
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 2006:

$15 Billion for energy

http://www.westportnow.com

usage
Impact of 10% Reduction of Power

Consumption of Data Centers

$15b x 10% = $1.5 billion in savings 200 x 10% = 20 million tons of CO2 4 million cars
(Number of cars that would have to be taken off the road to reduce the same amount of CO2 emissions.)

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Data centers = huge energy bill + produce CO2 + green house emission + air pollution Moores Law: transistor density doubles every 18 months. We must reduce power usage. Computing is part of the solution, part of the problem

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In order to achieve sustainable computing, we need to rethink from a Green Computing perspective.
Green Computing:
Maximize energy efficiency Reduce of the use of hazardous materials such as

lead Maximize recyclability of both a defunct product and of any factory waste. Green Computing in view of energy efficiency at the nanometer scale - design low power consumption integrated circuits at 180nm and below.
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A super low-power processor:

800x faster

1000x more memory

3000x less power

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Modern Processor made by hundreds of PH.D. researchers (The MOS

transistor was built from Silicon, the pre-dominant atom in rock and sand, after processed in a high temperature.)

Human Brain
( containing 100 billion neurons, each linked to as many as 10,000 other neurons.)

Speed Memory

2.0 GHz 100 GB

Equivalent to 1,700 GHz processor 100,000 GB

Power

45 mW/cm3

15 mW/cm3

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 Understand

all levels of the

computer
Understand

where power is

dissipated
Think

about ways to reduce power usage at all levels

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5 4

High Level Programming Assembly Language Operating System Instruction Set Architecture

Software

3
2

1
0

Digital Logic
Integrated Circuit

Hardware

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The performance of software systems is dramatically affected by how well software designers understand the basic hardware technologies at work in a system. Similarly, hardware designers must understand the far-reaching effects their design decisions have on software applications.

Apr. 01, 2008

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Power Breakdown of an Itanium 2 Processor

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Power consumption is proportional to clock frequency. Clock frequency: how often the clock changes every second; of course, every change of the clock consumes power. Analogous to how many times the motor spins per second in your car. Traditionally only one edge of the clock is used to process information, and the other edge is ignored.

- Figure shows the Clock signal - Rising edge is used while falling clock edge(dot line) is not used for data information processing

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Thank You

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