To

determine the Angular velocity, Angular acceleration, Mass moment of inertia and Centrifugal force of reciprocating masses.

Uniform circular motion is a particle moving at constant speed in a circle.

Is the speed changing? Is the velocity changing? Yes, changing in direction but not in magnitude. The period is defined as the time to make one complete revolution

circuferen ce 2r v period T

Radians
( radians)
s r

s r
For a full circle.

fullcircle

s 2r 2 r r

rad

3600 1 rad 1 rad 2 rad

Angular velocity The angular displacement is

f i
Average angular velocity

f i t t f ti
Instantaneous angular velocity

limit d t 0 t dt

We will worry about the direction later. Like one dimensional motion +will do. Positive angular velocity is counter-clock=wise.

B C

A ball is going around in a circle attached to a string. If the string breaks at the instant shown, which path will the ball follow?
16

Uniform Circular motion

FN
r

FT

v m mg

mw= mass (downward)

FN = mg

mw

FT = Tension Force FT = ma FT = m (v2 / r)

T = m g as it is at rest. mwg = m v2 / r
w

Uniform Circular motion

FT
r

FN
T

FT = m (v2 / r)
mg

mw

What is the physical meaning of the formula?

(1) What happens if the initial speed v of the bob is forced to move faster? A greater T is needed, the greater mw, to keep the radius of motion r. It will slide out to attain a greater r. (2) What happens if there is energy lost due to friction on the plane? v decreases By T = mv2 / r, r decreases (3) What happen if an additional mass is added to the weight mw? M moves down r decreases and T increases v increases

Uniform Circular motion

Uniform circular motion in a horizontal plane FN
r

FTz

v m mg

FT = m (v2 / r)

3 events as a result of a cable suddenly breaking:

Tension suddenly disappears and there is no more centripetal force Circular motion cannot be maintained. The bob will move with its velocity tangent to the circle at the instant the string breaks

When we see an object carrying out circular motion, we know that there must be force acting on the object, directed towards the center of the circle. When you look at the circular motion of a ball attached to a string, the force is provided by the tension in the string. When the force responsible for the circular motion disappears, e.g. by cutting the string, the motion will become linear.