Power Protection

Transient Surge Protection

IEEE TOTAL (100%) POWER QUALITY

Redundancy Maintenance Monitoring UPS Generators REACTIVE Static Switches Voltage Regulators Filters Transient Noise PRO-ACTIVE (SPD/TVSS) Surge Protective Devices
DUPLICATE SYSTEMS PREVENTITIVE MAINTENANCE SITE SCAN (UPS) ON-LINE LINE INTERACTIVE OFF-LINE GENERATORS STATIC SWITCHES MAGNETIC SYNTHESIZER TVSS and FILTERS LIGHTNING ARRESTORS

Wiring Bonding Earthing

True Power Quality

PPC K RATED SHIELDED ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ELECTRICAL DESIGN

Common Power Quality Problems

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) n Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) n Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) n Overvoltage (Spikes, Surges, Swells) n Unbalanced Phase Voltage n Loss of Phase n Momentary Interruption in Service n Interruptions in Service/ Outages (Utility) n Frequency Deviations
n

POWER QUALITY DEFINITIONS PER IEC / IEEE

Transient
Surge
Short duration Voltage ,Current or Power problem lasting typically < 3 m S.
Voltage increase of typically > 2 X the peak nominal system. High frequency voltage or current typically < 5 KHz. Magnitude 0-8 pu.
T.O.V. area Voltage nominal

Line Noise

T.O.V.
Temporary Overvoltage

Temporary increase in RMS voltage 1.1 - 1.4pu Duration 26/31Cycles - 1 min.

Instantaneous increase in RMS voltage nominal 1.1 - 1.8pu Duration .5 - 25/30 cycles

Swell

Sag

Instantaneous decreases in RMS voltage nominal .3 - .9

Duration .5 - 25/30 cycles
Voltage nominal Voltage nominal Voltage nominal

Overvoltage Undervoltage

Increase in RMS voltage 1.1 - 1.2 pu Duration >1 min. Decrease in RMS voltage 0.8 - 09pu Duration > 1 min.
IEEE Std.1159 - 1995

Voltage nominal

STATISTICS ON POWER PROBLEMS

Under voltage, Over voltage, outages and others

Transient Voltage and noise 48.5%

Voltages Spikes 40%

According to prominent IEEE report, 88.5% of all external and internal power disturbances are transients, spikes

and noise.

Sine Wave With Transients

SURGE - high voltage / high current, low frequency impulse

Transients are typically up to a few hundred microsecond in duration.

CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL POWER SURGES

EXTERNAL
q Lightning Strikes - large
power carried through high voltage overhead transmission lines

INTERNAL
q Switching on/off of electrical motors eg. air-cond, air compressor, photocopier and elevator.

q Electrical Grid Switching- utility switching

from one source to another

q Switching on/off of relays or solenoid eg. pneumatic pump, automation equipment

q System Fault/Blackout - Sag followed by high

voltage

q Arc Welders

Electrical Line Noise

NOISE - Low to high amplitude, low current, high frequency disturbances Can cause sensitive electronic components to switch into conduction at wrong point in their conduction cycle and self destruct e.g. MOSFET, Thyristors, IGBT, and etc

Noise Sources

Low Magnitude, High Frequency Disturbanc dv/dt.

n

n
n n n n

Motor-Generator Variable Frequency drives Rectifier-Inverter Triacs Lightning Other Electronic Equipment.

Why Install A Surge Protective Device / Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor

Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors are Provisioned to Protect Electrical Equipment from Damaging Surges. Immediate Failure Large surges can cause immediate failure due to the inability of equipment to adequately handle high energy events for a suitable period of time. Accumulated Failure Accumulated surges degrade electronic equipment. Over time, equipment breaks down and fails.

What is at Risk?
Surges or transients can damage, degrade or destroy the sensitive electronic equipment in offices or businesses resulting in: Equipment damage Equipment downtime Losses in resulting revenues Productivity losses due to downtime

SPD Over Current Protection

ANSI / IEEE C62.41

Location Categories Defined
A B C A B C

Underground Service

A. Outlets and Long Branch Circuits

B. Major Feeders and C. Outside and Short Branch Circuits Service Entrance

TVSS DESIGN CONCEPT FOR POWER LINE

Incoming Transient On Sinewave
LINE

Incoming Transient Clamped On Sinewave

AC Power From Utility

TVSS.

Current SURGE

EXPENSIVE COMPUTER LOAD

N-G

* DIVERTS ENERGY

ACTIVE TRACKING FILTER

APPLICATION AND RESULTS OF TVSS AND ATF

Dirty Power

Clamped Power

Clean Power

Incoming power ATF

Sensitive Equipment

TVSS

TRANSIENT SUPPRESSION SELECTION GUIDE

RMS SYSTEM

AMPS

Mains Switchboard Distribution Board TVSS with Filtering Surge Capacity per Protection Modes

Required Minimum Fault Current Breaking Capacity

2000 ABOVE 1200 - 2000 800 - 1200 400 - 800 225 - 400 100 - 225 30 - 100

200Ka 100Ka 80- 100Ka 80Ka 40-65Ka 40Ka 40Ka

L-N, L-E, N-E L-N, L-E, N-E L-N, L-E, N-E L-N, L-E, N-E L-N, L-E, N-E L-N, L-E, N-E L-N, N-E

200Ka 100ka 65Ka 65Ka 14Ka 14Ka 14Ka

SURGE SUPPRESSION STANDARDS

IEC 61643-1-1998

IEEE C62.-1991 UL 1449-1985

Good Power Quality Earthing Requires:

Good Surge Suppression and Filtering to Work Properly

FMIDC
First Multi-Tech Corporation
POWER * SERVICE * QUALITY

Industrial & Development

www.fmidc.com

12/F, Pryce Center Building, 1179 Chino Roces Ave. cor. Bagtikan St., Makati City TL: (02)898-3590 to 94 Warehouse: Km. 18, East Service Rd., South Super Hi-way, Taguig, M.M. Tel. No.: 838-5644 Telefax: 838-5648