Anjasmoro Dewi Anisa Kurniawati Novia Ratna Nuraidah M.

Fahrul Rosi Arifin

First a pioneer period

Diaries and letters

Trevel an experience

Religius and political advenced

Immigrant Reading class

The small capital outlay and the scissors and paste pot editorial method, They served a dual purpose, Giving recently arrived immigrants news from homeland and to record their new experiences.

Immigrant writers
Increasingly conscious of social and economic issues Immigrants attitude toward his native culture and native tongue Their translate their work into English. American-born

German American literature

Friedrich armand s trubbreng. His Casl Scharnhorst : Abenteuern eines Deutschen knaben in America(1872) was long one of the most populer German stories for boy. He is the most populer of german _American novelish with his best work Nack Americal(1855). Charles sealsfield . He is the first important German-American writer to devote himself to fiction

Cont...........
Otto Ruppius, Erzahlung is Der Pedlar (1857). Heinrich Balduin Mollhausen, come to seek not political refuge but adventure.

French-American literature
Edward Larocque Tinkers. Charles Etienne Arthur Gayarre . His first survey was the Essai historique sur la louisiane (1830). Publised in English History of louisiana. He also wrote novels and one play and also he took care with some poetry. Francois Dominique Rouquette wrote louisiana poetry. His social attitude is made plain in a Civil war poem . if i dont fight, the state has me shot; and if i fight, ungcle sam will hang me

Spanish-American culture
During the period of Spanish exploration, about report, Histories, diaries, memoirs were written by government officials(religious order) The literature is an oral literature of play, song, ballads, folk tales brought form old Spain.

Italian literature
Early work in Italian is an article on the political problems of the colonies in 1774, translate to English by Thomas Efferson Mozarts le Nozze and don Geovanni settling in New York, is the first professor of Italian that published numerous Italian work in prose and verse. The better writers began to use English as well as Italian and majority read italian is the children of the immigrants

Scandinavian-American culture
Hjalmar Hjorth boyesens gunnar, was written in English by William Dean Howells in the Atlantic Monthly. The material is all Norwegian. Successfully in two languages. Giant in the earth is O. E. Rolvaags novel. It is about Newegian-American life of Rolvaag.

Jewish-American literature
One of the richest products of the mingling of tongues This literature as in almost all Europian countries, began with Hebrew writings of a religious nature. There is considerable of hebrew poetry, novels, short stories. Yuddish writers who made almost no proggres in the drama.

Thank you.............