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What is a good image?

Style, Perception, and Judgment

Susan Sontag, On Style


What morality means is a habitual or chronic type of behavior (including feelings and acts). Morality is a code of acts, and of judgments and sentiments by which we reinforce our habits of acting in a certain way, which prescribe a standard for behaving or trying to behave toward other human beings generally (that is, to all who are acknowledged to be human) as if we were inspired by love. P. 25

Susan Sontag, On Style


The moral pleasure in art, as well as the moral service that art performs, consists in the intelligent gratification of consciousness. P. 24.

What is Perception?
The taking cognizance or being aware of a sensible or quasisensible object. In strict philosophical language (first brought into prominence by Reid): The action of the mind by which it refers its sensations to an external object as their cause. Distinguished from sensation, conception or imagination, and judgment or inference.
From the Oxford English Dictionary

What is apperception?
The action or fact of becoming conscious by subsequent reflection of a perception already experienced; any act or process by which the mind unites and assimilates a particular idea (esp. one newly presented) to a larger set or mass of ideas (already possessed), so as to comprehend it as part of the whole. From The Oxford English Dictionary

Apperception
A mode of perception that is predicated on repetition. What we see in image or in the world is determined by a perceptual pattern that precedes our engagement with this particular image or object in the world. What we see in it is something that we have been trainedby other images, other objectsto look for. Apperception is made possible by a limit; perception is open and unburdened by a concept or a limit.

Friedrich Nietzsche, On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense


The arrogance inherent in cognition and feeling casts a blinding fog over the eyes and senses of human beings, and because it contains within itself the most flattering evaluation of cognition it deceives them about the value of existence. Its most general effect is deceptionbut each of its separate effects also something of the same character. P. 142

Nietzsche on Concept Formation


Let us consider in particular how concepts are formed; each word immediately becomes a concept, not by virtue of the fact that it is intended to serve as a memory (say) of the unique, utterly individualized, primary experience to which it owes its existence, but because at the same time it must fit countless other, more or less similar cases, i.e. cases which, strictly speaking are never equivalent, and thus nothing other than non-equivalent cases. Every concept comes into being by making equivalent that which is non-equivalent. Just as it is certain that no leaf is ever exactly the same as any other leaf, it is equally certain that the concept leaf is formed by dropping these individual differences arbitrarily, by forgetting those features which differentiate one thing from another, so that the concept then gives rise to the notion that something other than leaves exist in nature, something which would be leaf, a primal form, say, from which all leaves were woven, drawn, delineated, dyed, curled, paintedbut by a clumsy pair of hands, so that no single example turned out to be a faithful, correct, and reliable copy of the primal form.
P. 145.

Truth and Stereotype: for whom, exactly, is an image good?


Stereotype: A preconceived and oversimplified idea of the characteristics which typify a person, situation, etc.; an attitude based on such a preconception. Also, a person who appears to conform closely to the idea of a type. From the Oxford
English Dictionary

Nietzsche on Truth
For that which is to count truth from this point onwards now becomes fixed, i.e. a way of designating things is invented which has the same validity and force everywhere, and the legislation of language also produces the first laws of truth, for the contrast between truth and lying comes into existence here for the first time: the liar uses the valid tokens of designationwordsto make the unreal appear real; he says, for example, I am rich, whereas the correct designation for this condition would be, precisely, poor.

Stereotype and Image


Hollywood Shuffle, d. Robert Townsend, 1987

The Creation of Apperception, or Moral Forms of Perception


Jurassic Park, d. Steven Spielberg, 1993. Parallel Editing: The intercutting of two or more lines of action that occur simultaneously.

Moral Form, Immoral Content


Superbad, d. Greg Mottola, 2007

After Apperception: the bad image that makes you see


Weekend, 1967, Jean-Luc Godard

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