Click to edit Master subtitle style

GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS: THE HISTOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIALS

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INTRODUCTION
The management of granulomatous

mastitis depends on the causative factor and accurate diagnosis between IGM( Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and tuberculous mastitis (TBM) is indespensible.This is particularly problematic in the cases of granulomatous mastitis in which the microbiological studies are negative. In this study, in a large cohort, the 4/24/12

METHODS
The histopathology files from the two

participating hospitals were searched for cases of granulomatous inflammation of the breast over 8 year period.The parameters assessed included age of the patient, lesional size, systemic and local symptoms and histological findings of inflammatory cells, granulomas, necrosis, multinucleated giant cells, fibrosis and calcifications. 4/24/12

RESULTS
29 cases of IGM and 33 cases of TBM TBM occurred in a significantly

younger population (p<0.05) and larger lesional size than IGM(p<0.01)

No significant difference between

mass, local and systemic symptoms.

Histological parameters: TBM showed

more fibrosis,eosinophils(p<0.01) & necrosis(P<0.01)

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IGM group showed more plasma

cells(p<0.01)
Taking all the cases together as one

group to evaluate the relationship between the histological parameters, there was significant positive correlation between eosinophils & fibrosis(p<0.01) and negative correlation between vague and well formed granulomas (p<0.01).
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CONCLUSION
TBM was more likely to occur in

youger patients with a larger clinical mass at presentation. Histologically, TBM tends to show more eosinophils and necrosis and IGM is associated with more plasma cells. The characterstics of the granulomas and giant cells are not distinguishing features.
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Click to edit Master subtitle style RELEVANCE TO HISTOLOGIC

OF DIFFERENTIATION

GRADE AND DEGREE

OCT4 EXPRESSION IN IMMATURE TERATOMA OF THE OVARY

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INTRODUCTION
Immature teratoma of the ovary

uncommon tumor- 1% of ovarian malignancies

Amount of immature neuroepithelium

is an important prognostic factor. Biological significance of immature neuroepithelium is poorly understood.

The aim of the study was to

systemically evaluate the expression of OCT4 along with that of two other 4/24/12

MATERIALS AND METHODS

19 cases of primary immature

teratoma of the ovary between 1992 to 2009.

18 cases were pure immature

teratomas.
7 were grade 3, 6 were grade 2 and 5

were grade 1.
15 cases of mature teratoma with

neural tissue were also assessed for 4/24/12 comparison

RESULTS
OCT4 was expressed in the immature

neuroepithelium all 7 gradeIII cases and 2 grade II cases.

PAX6 was expressed in the immature

neuroepithelium of all immature teratomas but not in OCT4 positive cells.

CD56 was expressed in neural tissue

of various maturities.
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So neural tissue was classified into 3

distinct categories:
OCT4 positive/PAX6 negative/CD56

(Possibly the most immature neuroepithelium)

OCT4-/PAX6+/CD56+ (Possibly

neuroepithelium of intermediate maturity)

OCT4-/PAX6-/CD56+ (Possibly mature

neuroepithelium)

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CONCLUSION
The finding that OCT4 expression was

exclusively detected in immature neuroepithelium of high grade immature teratomas indicates that OCT4 might serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of highly malignant cases of immature teratoma.

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