Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Strategies and Issues on the National Territory and Urban Development in Korea
2012
Dong-Ju Kim
(djukim@krihs.re.kr)
Overview
1. Overview
1) Geography of Korea
- Area (South Korea): 100,214Km2 (Mountains: 65% of the entire land) - Population: 49 million (population density: 488 person/km2)
3
1. Overview
1. Overview
In 2012, Korea is
11th exporter 12th importer
to donor country
1. Overview
2) Economic Growth Trend of Korea (1960-2010)
20,759 Per Capita (US$) GNI 16,291 11,432 G20
Member
10,000
7,355
Financial Crisis OECD Member (1995)
5,000
1,000(1977) 87
1962
100(1964)
1970 1980
67
1945 1953
1990
1998 2005
2010
1. Overview
3) Changes in Socio-Economic Structure of Korea (1960-2010)
1960 (A) Area
()
Ratio (B/A) 1.02 1.9 262.8 4220 2.5 1.3 3.9 1,336
7
98,431 24,989 79
0.3
35.9 79.5 27.2
105.5
1,336
0.0
- Territorial development
provide infrastructure for economic growth and rearrange spatial structure
Economic Development
Territorial Development
9
Abundant Labor
?
Input-driven & Export-led Development
Weak Infrastructure
Motivated
10
Economic Growth
S
Manufacturing Processing Capital Good Imports Raw Material Imports Foreign Technology Imports
S
Export Promotion
Government
Export Promotion by the President
Technology Development
11
2000s
Light industry
Wig Textile
HCI Product
50%
14.1% 6.1%
1960
Source:KDI 2005 revised
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
For industrial & regional competitiveness, strategic industries are fostered by region (eg. Bio-medicine, IT, machinery renewable energy)
< Industrial agglomeration to cluster >
Creative Human Resource Admin. & Business Support
Funding (production)
Industry
Cluster
R&D
University
(R&D)
Trust
Networking
13
Periphery
Core
Periphery
3
14
(1970s~)
Seoul Incheon
Daejeon
Daegu
Ulsan
Gwangju
Busan
16
development (1980s-2000s)
Area-Wide Development
develop major cities and surrounding areas, industrial complexes and hinterlands (1994~)
Five-year balanced national development plan(2004) Special Act for Balanced National development (2004) Relocate national administrations and public agencies away from the capital
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7 Mega Regions
Region
Daekyung Region
Dongnam
Industry
Honam
Region
Province
Metro. city
Human Resource
Infrastructure
Region
Jeju Region
Source: Presidential Committee on Regional Development 18
1990s (localization)
2000s (Globalization) 2010s (Green Growth)
Takes precedence over other territorial plans Directions for the 10 year territorial development Includes lnfrastructure, housing, land, water, etc
20
plan
III
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
22
Pohang
Steel (POSCO)
Changwon
Machinery
Seoul
Daeduk
Gumi
Pohang
Ulsan
Gwangju
Busan
25
Mokdong, Seoul
Gaepo, Seoul
Goduk, Seoul
<Mokdong> Period: 1983-1989 Area: 4.3 km2 Population: 120 ,000 Household: 26,600
Seoul
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Seoul
<Ilsan New Town> <Bundang New Town>
Strategies
Green space (park, forest, etc) Environment, landscape, landmark Culture (e.g. culturenomics of Seoul) Knowledge-based industries International activities, Business HQs
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120 100
Advanced transportation and IT tech. change urban life - affect living patterns and and territorial development
Triumph of the City (Edward Glaeser) How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us
Street Regeneration (Daegu City) Industrial Estate Regeneration (Guro, Seoul) Seaport Regeneration (Busan)
32
IT-based.
- Government services - Transportation - Communication - Education - Health care - Public Safety - Energy & Utilities
<Smart Highway>
33
Green Growth
Environment
Green industry as a new growth engine R&D in Green Technology Green New Deal projects
Reduce pollution through carbon abatement Improve the quality of life Green life style
34
59,275
47,416 40%
50,120
9,816
52,750
17,188 30,825
55.2% (8,829)
30.4% (4,870)
(TOE)
1990
2015
2020
2030
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Household
Heating energy
Commerce
Limit the areas of
Transportation
Facilitate public
Energy
From fossil fuel to natural energy
Industry
Transform the structure
transportation Improve efficiency of vehicle Urban structure for walkers and bicycle riders
Women friendly urban planning, residential areas, transportation - urban environment for working women and childcare - safety for women (pedestrian roads, street lighting)
37
among cities City-region type development with neighboring cities : eg. mega regions, metropolitan regions
<Individual city>
<Systems of Cities>
<Mega-regions of Korea>
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www.krihs.re.kr
Thank you