Prepared by Sir Samuel M.

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Definition - Environment

The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. Most commonly used describing the "natural" environment and means the sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism, or group of organisms. The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.

Types of Natural Environment

Terrestrial 1. Poles 2. Tundra 3. Taiga 4. Tropical rainforest 5. Grasslands 6. Deserts Aquatic 1. Ponds 2. Lakes 3. Rivers 4. Estuarine 5. Open waters 6. Shorelines rocky, sandy, coralline, mangroves, swamps

Global distribution Biomes

Polar Regions

Polar regions (Aurora borealis)

Polar regions (plants)

Arctic Tundra

Alpine tundra

Alpine tundra (vegetation)

Geographic location of taiga

Scattered vs. closed forest

Grassland global map

Africa, Australia, Mexico

Savanna fires

Global map of tropical rainforest

Mt. Maria Makiling

Mt. Maria Makiling

Cebu timberlands

Mount Apo

Mount Apo

Global location of deserts

Rocky shore zones

Tidal Pools

Zonations in a Coral Reef

Philippine Coral Reefs

Coral Reef animals

Identify Corals types

Choices: Pavona, Acropora, Favea, (green algae & flatworm)

Man Made environment

1. 2.

3.
4. 5.

Baranggay District Municpality City Province

Agricultural farms 2. Ranches/Grazing land 3. Fish pens

1.

Components of an Environment
Biotic Components 1. Microorganisms 2. Protozoans 3. Fungi molds/mushrooms 4. Plants include algae 5. Animals Abiotic Components 1. Light 2. Temperature 3. Water availability 4. Atmospheric gases 5. Atmospheric conditions 6. Edaphic conditions 7. Aquatic conditions

Environmental Dynamics
Biotic factors Abiotic factors

Physical factors

Energy factors

Biogeological Cycling
1. Water cycling
2. Carbon dioxide oxygen cycling

3. Nitrogen cycling
4. Sulfur cycling

5. Phophorus cycling

Water Cycling

Carbon Oxygen Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Sulfur cycling

Phosphorus cycle

Phosphorus cycle

Levels of Organization
Individual
Population

Community
Ecosystem Global

Relationship of matter and energy

E=

2 mc

In biological systems the efficiency conversion/transfer is low

Pyramid of energy, biomass, numbers

More accurate ecological pyramid

Aquatic Food chain

Terrestrial food chain

Terrestrial Food web

Aquatic food web

Human food chain

Food chain of man in the future?

Complexity, stability trophic switching

Counterparts in Altered Human Ecosystems

1.

Material acquisition mining, agricultural growth,

domesticated animals

2. Material transformation factories, craft shops etc. 3. Material disposal domestic waste water, garbage 4. Material recycling junk shops, recycling shops,

Question: How efficient do they do it? Time and material

Energy use and transformation in Human altered ecosystems

Sunlight fossil fuels combustion electricity
Sunlight plants domesticated animals heat Electricity work, heat, cold, light, etc.

Questions
What is/are the determining factors in the identity of

an ecosystem?
Is it the same for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem? What are the determinants in a human habitat?

Ecological succession
It is a process by which an area is able to

reach its full potential by going through a series f ecological states before reaching its

climax stage.

How do you transform.....

Lava that has solidified Tropical rain forest

Ecological Succession:
Lichens break down rocks, dies creating a thin soil. 2. Grasses deeper roots and more biomass creates a deeper and richer soil quality. 3. Small trees and shrubs roots reaching bedrock material facilitate more material weathering that adds to soil formation . 4. Large trees and plants more organic biomass , deeper roots sometimes reaching the bedrock Aquatic ecosystems are more determined by physical parameters such as light, turbidity, substratum
1.

Factors in Ecological Identity

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.
7. 8.

9.
10.

Polar Tundra Taiga Temperate Forest TRF Grassland Desert Rocky shore Sandy shore Coral reef

Human ecological succession

Forest grasslands agricultural land residential
Mangroves aquatic pens Sandy shore resort area Coral reefs over and illegal fishing activities

Questions:
Who are the

Definition - Biodiversity