Use Of Engineering In Medical Sciences.

Presented By:Saad N. A. Faruqui B.tech 3rd year ,6th sem Roll no:- 08300108046 E.E.E
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Advanced techniques in mathematics and science comes together.. Large part focuses on key aspects of sciences Improves currently existing products... Helps in manufacture of new products Types of engineering. Engineering used in medical sciences. Electrical & Mechanical Engineering.
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On November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen came up with innovation that changed how people saw the world. That innovation, the x-ray machine, revealed striking images that reformed many fields. The innovation of the x-ray machine redefined medical diagnosis practices, evidence and identification in the fields of law and security, and manufacturing and imaging technology.

Creator of x-ray machine :Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. Invented :On November 8, 1895. Utilizes Electromagnetic radiations Eg :- microwaves rays, infrared & ultraviolet light, Travels with the speed of light. Output is in 2-d.. How atoms emit light?
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Bunch of types of radiation Described in terms of photon. Wave like pattern. Expressed in terms of wavelength & frequency. E g. :- visible light, Radio waves..

Heart of X-ray machine is an electrode pair.

Metal used in machine is tungsten. Due to high atomic number. Lead case is used. High voltage is applied at cathode i.e. 125kv.

World of medicine.

Airport security.

Vacuum tube. Produces X-rays. Beam High voltage power source.. 1% of the energy generated is radiated.

AC Vs. DC X-Ray Generators. A.C. :Uses alternating current. Supplies 120 volts. Frequency = 60hz. Exposure time .25 sec. D.C. :Very high frequency. Exposure time .04 sec.
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Radiation sickness. Can break DNA chain. Safer option than surgery.

Safety methods
Lead coat. Less exposure.

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C.T . scan Or C.A.T .scan. Computed Tomography or Computed Axial Tomography. Advanced version of x-ray. 1000 times faster. 2-D aswell As 3-D.

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Nikola Tesla discovered the Rotating Magnetic Field in 1882. Dr. Raymond Damadian, a physician and scientist, toiled for years trying to produce a machine that could noninvasively scan the body with the use of magnets. He constructed a superconducting magnet and fashioned a coil of antenna wires.An MRI scan is the best way to see inside the human body without cutting it open.

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Most important component is Magnet. Horizontal tube is known as Bore. Firstly creates a steady state of magnetism. Second stimulates the body with radio waves. Thirdly machine stops the radio waves.

Fourth, the transmitted signal are used to construct internal images.

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 Resistive magnets
like super conducting magnets. Difference is require huge amount of electricity. To work over .3 tesla level.

Permanent magnet
Have constant magnetic field.

Gradient magnet.
Low strength to main magnetic field, creates variable field. Another part of the MRI system is a set of coils that transmit radiofrequency waves into the patient's body.
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create 2-D images or 3-D models with a mathematical formula known as the Fourier transform.
computer receives the signal from the spinning protons as mathematical data. its ability to image in any plane.

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Credit cards or anything else with magnetic encoding will be erased. Metallic fragments in the eye, which are very dangerous as moving these fragments could cause eye damage or blindness
Pacemakers, which may malfunction during a scan or even near the machine
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PET Scan.

Positron emission tomography. Very high speed. Gives 3-D picture.

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Thank you.

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