Instrumentation

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July 2007
July 2007

HAZARDOUS AREAS Harsh World Around the & Hazardous

Location Seminar Series

July 2007

I.E.C.
International Electro Technic Commission

Objective - International Standards

July 2007

How Did We Get Here?

1906
Conduit Wiring is invented

Crouse-Hinds makes the first Condulets

July 2007

How Did We Get Here?

1909
CEAG is founded, producing the first Mining Lantern
July 2007

How Did We Get Here?

Classification of Division 1 first appears

1920

Transportation Industry / Refining of Fuels

July 2007

How Did We Get Here?

1947
Classification of Division 2 first appears

Wanted Reduced Costs

Euro = Plastics

July 2007

How did we get here?

1960s
Division method of classification still in use Worldwide

July 2007

How did we get here?

1970s
Zone method is introduced for the first time. Europe adopts new method.

July 2007

How did we get here?

World Electrical Standards & Organizations

USA

Electrical Standards

CSA

July 2007

Definitions
NEC - National Electrical Code (USA)
CEC - Canadian Electrical Code (Canada) IEC - International Electro-technical Commission Electrical Code for certain European and Asian countries CENELEC - European Committee for Electro-technical Standardization, which publishes standards for 19 EU (European Union) countries ATEX - Explosive Atmospheres Directive

July 2007

How did we get here?

1996
Zone method is adopted in North America

New Classifications New Equipment

July 2007

Zone Concept in N.A.

1996 NEC - 505

1998 CEC Code

July 2007

Zone System
Zone 0 Area in which an explosive atmosphere comprising a mix of air with flammable gases, vapours or mists is present for long periods, or frequently present Zone 1 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere comprising a mix of air with flammable gases, vapours or mists can form occasionally under normal operating conditions. Zone 2 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere comprising a mix of air with flammable gases, vapours or mists does not normally occur, or only occurs for a short period under normal operating conditions

NEC Article 505.5 (A) (B)

July 2007

Zone 0

July 2007

Zone 1

July 2007

Zone 2

July 2007

Zone 1 Example

July 2007

Zone 2 Example

July 2007

Zone System
Zone 20 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust is present for long periods, or frequently present Zone 21 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust is present occasionally under normal operating conditions. Zone 22 - Area in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust does not normally occur or occurs for a short period under normal operating conditions.

July 2007

Comparison - Divisions & Zones

Common Denominator Prevent Explosions

July 2007

Comparison - Divisions & Zones

ZONE 0
DIVISION 1

ZONE 1

DIVISION 2

ZONE 2

July 2007

Comparison - Divisions & Zones

Vapors

Solvent
July 2007

NEC METHOD

Div 2
Div 1 Div 1

July 2007

IEC METHOD

ZONE 2
ZONE 1

ZONE 0

July 2007

IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Explosion Protection
IEC = Ex Canada = Ex CENELEC = EEx USA = Aex

July 2007

IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Protective Techniques

July 2007

Flameproof Intrinsic Safety Pressurization Increased Safety Restricted Breathing Encapsulation Sand Filling

d i p e nR m q

IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Gas Group
IEC Groups
II C II C + H2 II B

NEC Groups
A B

C D

II A
July 2007

IEC Designations

EEx-de, IIc, T6
Temperature Classes
IEC
T1 - T6

NEC
T1 - T6

6 temperature classes 14 temperature classes

July 2007

IP Ratings

Ingress Protection Ratings: IP66

-First Digit is the protection against solids- dust -Second Digit is the protection against liquids- water

- IP Ratings are similar to Nema ratings and have nothing to do with the Explosion Protection- simply dust and water protection. Therefore, it is entirely possible to have an IP specification WITHOUT an EEx or hazardous area specification.

July 2007

Nema vs IP Ratings

Nema Enclosure Type

3
3R 3S

IEC Enclosure Designation

IP54
IP54 IP54

4 and 4X
5 6 and 6P 12 and 12X

IP66
IP52 IP67 IP52

July 2007

Factors of Safety

Testing
If all products that are manufactured are tested, a 1.5 Factor of Safety is required.

If random testing is performed, a 4.0 Factor of Safety is required.

July 2007

Normal Ignition Source

July 2007

Possible Ignition Source - NEC Division 1

ESWP Contact Block Terminals

July 2007

Possible Ignition Source - NEC

Division 2
ESWP Contact Block Terminals

July 2007

Unlikely Ignition Source - IEC

ZONE 1
Increased Safety Terminals

July 2007

Contact Blocks

July 2007

Lighting

Zone 2
Called Restricted Breathing, Ex-nR Fluorescents look like enclosed & gasketed

Division 2 HIDs same

July 2007

Reasons to Change

Technical
Eliminate Seals

Different Wiring Practices

Smaller Enclosures $$$ = ???
July 2007

Reasons to Change
Elimination of Seals?
Ex Standards eliminate seals. Aex Seals still required: - boundaries conditions - flameproof enclosures - increased safety protection (NEC Article 505-15a2, 15a3)

July 2007

Reasons to Change

Commercial
Harmonize Codes One Source of Specs & Standards and Equipment Less Expensive Alternatives

July 2007

Wiring Methods - N.E.C.

July 2007

Wiring Methods - I.E.C.

July 2007

IEC Installations

July 2007

What is ATEX?

ATEX is the Explosive Atmospheres directive 94/9 C which covers equipment used in hazardous areas

Adopted in 1994 with a transition period ending 6/30/03. After this date, all products sold and used in the EU must conform to requirements of the directive. In order to sell/use hazardous area products in Europe/Asia, CENELEC approval to the ATEX directive is mandatory.

July 2007

Manufacturing - Required Changes

Manufacturers must first be ISO certified The facility will undergo a quality system audit by a CENELEC testing authority to verify the plant adheres to the ISO quality procedures.

Many products require design changes or modifications

All products require new compliance's to be marked on the products nameplate New testing(very expensive) is required in order to meet the CENELEC/ATEX standards and directives
July 2007

ATEX Markings

Uses CE marking, along with Ex symbol

May list ATEX certificate number - however NOT required on product

Many ETLs (engineering test labs) such as UL, CSA, FM, PTB, SAA, KEMA & BASEEFA will approve products

Example:
July 2007

EEx d IIC T6 IP66

Fittings
Cable vs Conduit Culture Shock - most other countries use cable because of labor, cost savings and superior corrosion resistance Condulets and other conduit fittings will most likely never receive CENELEC/ATEX because they are overkill Cable glands - brass, nickel-plated brass, stainless steel, non-metallic are used EVERYWHERE in Europe and Asia. Crouse-Hinds acquired 2 companies in the UK that have 30 plus years of mfg. cable glands - Peppers and Capri (see brochures)
July 2007

ATEX Groups
Apparatus Group I applies to mining operations that may be endangered by methane gas and/or combustible dusts Apparatus Group II applies to apparatus used in all other areas that can be subject to the hazard of an explosive atmosphere. Apparatus Group III applies to apparatus used in areas with conductive dusts Groups are further divided into categories

July 2007

ATEX Categories
Apparatus Group I
1. Category M1 The apparatus must continue to work, even in the event of infrequent failures coinciding with an existing explosive atmosphere and must feature such protective measures against explosion that:

- if one constructional protective measure fails, at least one other independent constructional measure will ensure the required safety, or
- if two independent faults occur in combination, the required safety is still ensured 2. Category M2- If the explosive atmosphere occurs, it must be possible to switch off the apparatus.

July 2007

ATEX Categories
Apparatus Group II
Category 1 The apparatus is intended for use in areas in which an explosive atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods of time Category 2 - The apparatus is intended for use in areas in which an explosive atmosphere occurs occasionally Category 3 The apparatus is intended for use in areas in which no occurrence of an explosive atmosphere is expected. If it does occur, it is only rarely or for a short period of time
July 2007

ATEX Product Markings

II 1G

Group II Category 1 (Zone 0 apparatus)

II 2G

Group II Category 2 (Zone 1 apparatus)

II 3G

Group II Category 3 (Zone 2 apparatus)

G=gases, liquids,vapors
July 2007

D=dust

ATEX Product Markings

II 1D

Group II Category 1 (Zone 20 apparatus)

II 2D

Group II Category 2 (Zone 21 apparatus)

II 3D

Group II Category 3 (Zone 22 apparatus)

G=gases, liquids,vapors
July 2007

D=dust

Complete Product Markings for ATEX

July 2007

PRODUCTS

July 2007

Terminal Boxes
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2 Connections for lighting, instrumentation & power From 8 to 396 connections Accepts all conduit or cable entries

July 2007

Enclosure Entries
Zone 1 Myers hubs & metric adapters zinc or stainless steel Zone 1 brass cable glands Zone 2 nonmetallic glands Zone 2 Teck connectors Ex-d flameproof bushings

ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

July 2007

Enclosure Entries

Field drilling of flameproof, Ex-d, enclosures is not allowed. To maintain the IEC or CENELEC certificate, these enclosures can only be modified by the manufacturer.

July 2007

Entries into all Enclosures

ZONE 1, DIVISION 2

Nonmetallic Ex-e Nonmetallic Ex-e with brass plates Stainless steel Ex-d flameproof enclosures

July 2007

Control Stations
ZONE 1, DIVISION 2 One product meets all worldwide codes & standards Worldwide approvals Choice of wiring methods cover-mounted contact blocks base-mounted contact blocks Single or double entry enclosures

July 2007

Control Stations
Div 1 Zone 1

Div 2

July 2007

Panel boards

July 2007

Ex-de Distribution Panels

ZONE 1, DIVISION 2 One product meets all worldwide codes & standards UL, cUL, PTB certified Corrosion-resistant nonmetallic enclosure UV resistant NEMA 4X, IP 66 construction Ex-de protection Impact resistant Factory sealed Universal wiring for conduit or cables factory wired to terminal blocks
July 2007

Control
Must have Ex-e terminals

More non-metallic enclosures

Ex-de components in IP 54 boxes

Other components in dual rated enclosures

July 2007

Lighting

Cultural Issue:
HID in North America vs. Fluorescent in Europe

July 2007

IEC 309 Plugs & Receptacles

July 2007

Intrinsic Safety

July 2007

July 2007

Major Users

July 2007

Products for: Fire, Gas, Control and Communications Systems

Manual Call Points

Sounders Horns

Status Lamps

Industrial & Marine

Beacons Strobes Heat Detector

Control & Distribution

Speakers
July 2007

Conclusions
Strive for harmonization of worldwide electrical standards USA and Canada must develop a single North-American standard, while Europe/Asia stick to a single IEC standard Crouse-Hinds has you covered for all XP needs None of our competitors can offer the breadth of worldwide products that we have Crouse-Hinds will introduce more SpecOne products, eliminating any concerns about where they can be used or sold Heaters, Strobes, Horns, Bells, Manual Motor Starters, Disconnect Switches, Molded Products, Airport Lighting, Wiring Devices are also available today with ATEX certification

July 2007

Where to look..

July 2007

WWW.CROUSE-HINDS.COM

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

July 2007

Harsh & Hazardous Location Seminar Series

Thank you!

July 2007